Cognitive Motor Intervention for Gait and Balance in Parkinson’s Disease
Disease v. Medical Intervention
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Transcript of Disease v. Medical Intervention
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DISEASEMEDICAL INTERVENTION
Which is Worse?
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DISEASE
Any change from a state of health.(Gerard J. Tortura, Microbiology: an introduction, 10th edition 2010, pp. G5)
Over 200 disease categories granted funding for research by National
Institutes of Health (http://report.nih.gov/rcdc/categories/).
Basic Categories:
Genetic
Degenerative
Infectious
When our defenses resist these pathogenic capabilities,we maintain our health. When the pathogens capabilitiesovercome our defensesdisease results. (Tortura, pp.399)
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Infectious Diseases and Microbiology: Bacteriology
study of bacteria.
Virology
study of viruses.
Mycology
study of fungi.
Parasitology
study of parasitic protozoa and worms.
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Bacteria and Protozoaas causes of
Diarrheal Diseasecausing the passage of three or more
loose or liquid stools (or more than
natural for individual) per day.
Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five yearsold. It is both preventable and treatable.
Diarrheal disease kills 1.5 million children every year.
Globally, there are about two billion cases of diarrheal disease every year.
Diarrheal disease mainly affects children under two years old.
Diarrhea is a leading cause of malnutrition in children under five years old.(World Health Organization, 2009, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/index.html)
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Escherichia coli
Part of intestinal flora/microbiota inhuman large intestine
Inhibit salmonella and shigella if hosthealthy
Synthesize Vitamin K
Synthesize some B vitamins
Break-down otherwise indigestiblefoodstuffs.(Tortura, pp.20)
Virulent strains can become public
health issue e.g. E-coli 0157:H7, theleading cause of diarrheaworldwide.(Tortura, pp.20)
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Shigellosis Shigella were discovered
over 100 years ago by aJapanese scientist named
Shiga, for whom they arenamed.
Most who are infectedwith Shigella developdiarrhea, fever, andstomach cramps starting aday or two after they are
exposed to the bacteria.The diarrhea is oftenbloody. Shigellosis usuallyresolves in 5 to 7 days.
(Centers for Disease Control,
http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/division
s/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/)
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Protozoan from the phyla
Mastigophora. Its form thatprimarily affects humans goes
by the name Giardia lamblia.
It is the most common
flagellate found in the humandigestive tract and it is very
contagious, though usually not
fatal.
(McGill University,
http://martin.parasitology.mcgill.ca/jimspa
ge/biol/giardia.)Giardia
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CholeraVibrio cholerae bacteria infect between 100,000
and 300,000 people each year, causing acute
vomiting and diarrhea. One in every 100 victims
dies from dehydration.
(Merell, D. S. et al. Host-induced epidemic spread of the cholera bacterium.Nature, 417, 642 - 645, (2002), http://cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn/news/0206/18.htm)
http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature00778http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature00778 -
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intervention /intervention/ (-venshun)
1. the act or fact ofinterfering so as to modify.
2. any measure whose purpose is to improve health or alterthe course of disease.
(The Free Dictionary by Farlex, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/intervention)
innesotaModelTheInterventionWheel
/www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/phnc/InterventionWheel/index.htm
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Historical Perspective Folk Customs
Religious Practices
Does Human Progress Create Disease?
Ergot of Rye: fungus Claviceps Purpurea
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Current Views
The Hypertension Paradox More UncontrolledDisease despite Improved Therapy, Aram V. Chobanian,MD, N Engl J Med 2009;361:878-87
Treatment and Management of Cancer in the Elderly,Basic and Clinical Oncology, Vol. 34, Muss, Hunter and Johnson ed.,
Informa Healthcare, 2006.
Harnessing the Power of Default Options to ImproveHealth Care,Halpern, Ubel and Asch, 2007, N Engl J Med 357;13
Communal Responsibility for Health Care The
Example of Benefit Assessment in Germany, Sawicki,Peter T., 10.1056/NEJMp0908797
A Randomized Trial of Tai Chi for Fibromyalgia,Wang,Schmid, Rones, Kalish, Yinh, Goldenberg, Lee and McAlindon, 2010, N EnglJ Med 363(*):743-754 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0912611
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Disease Process vs. Medical InterventionWhat type of Medical Intervention?
Surgeries/Therapies vs. Palliative Care vs. Preventative Care
What type of Preventative Care?
Initiated self-care vs. forced self-care vs. gene therapy vs. blood-letting
vs. Disease Process
What type of Disease Process? And on and on