Discovery Home SB Chapter1

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2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1Version 4.0

Personal Computers

and Applications

Networking for Home and Small Businesses

Chapter 1


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2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Objectives Identify the purpose and uses of personal computers

and describe local and network applications.

Compare and contrast different types of computingdevices.

Explain the binary representation of data.

Determine appropriate components and peripheraldevices to meet requirements.

Install, verify, and upgrade computer components andperipherals.


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Purpose and Uses of Personal Computers Multiple uses for computers


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Purpose and Uses of Personal Computers Common local and network applications


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Computer Applications

Business/Industry

Educational tools or for use by the legal profession

General Use

Local stored on the hard drive of the computer

Network designed to run over a network

E-mail


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Types of Computing Devices Different types of Computers


7/307 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Features of Servers High performance computers used in businesses and

other organizations to provide services to end users orclients

Services that need to be available to users at all times

Often contain redundant parts to prevent failure ordowntime



Portable Devices

Laptops or notebooks

Can be attached to a docking station

Allows users to utilize a larger monitor or other external devices

PDA (personal digital assistant)

Handheld or palmtop

Small devices that provide storage for calendars and otherinformation

Portability is the key to always having access



Binary Representation of Data Digital (binary) representation of various common forms

of data Base 2 number system

Bit an individual binary digit

Each bit can have only two possible states on or off or 0 and 1

A group of 8 bits is a byte



Binary Representation of Data Convert approximately between bits, bytes, Kilobytes,

Megabytes, and Gigabytes



Binary Representation of Data Measuring speed, resolution and frequency

Data transfer time is measured in bits per second

bps with a lower case b - bps

Bytes per second is with an upper case B - Bps



Determining Appropriate Components andPeripheral Devices

These comparisons are based on the level ofknowledge of the user

Preassembled Computer

Advantages:

Lower cost

Adequate to perform most applications

No waiting period for assembly

Typically used by less knowledgeable consumers who do not require special needs

Disadvantages: Often lack the performance level that can be obtained from custom built

computers



Determining Appropriate Componentsand Peripheral Devices

Custom Built Computer

Advantages:

The end-user can specify exact components that meet user needs

Generally support higher performance applications such as graphics, gaming, andserver applications

Disadvantages:

Generally more costly than a preassembled device

Longer waiting periods for assembly




Motherboard




Central Processing Unit (CPU)

the nerve center of thecomputer




Random Access Memory (RAM)More is always better since many current computers can runmultiple applications simultaneously




Adapter cards add functionality to a computer system



Adapter Cards

NIC network interface card is key for our purposes

Enables a computer system to exchange informationwith other systems on a local or wide area network

The speed of the network and the type of networkdetermine what type of NIC is needed

Ethernet is currently the most common network

technology




Storage Devices and Requirements

Hard disk drives are the main storage medium found inalmost all computers including servers, desktops andlaptops




Peripheral device purposes and requirements




Cases and Power supplies

Importance of Surge Protectors and UPS

Surge suppressors are designed to remove voltage spikes frompower lines to prevent them from damaging a computer

UPS provide backup power to the system without interruptionThey are designed to give the user enough time to properly shutthe computer down.



Install, Verify and Upgrade Components andPeripherals

Computer Repair Best Practices



Safety and Best Practices

First on the list is use a grounding strap

ESD or electro-static discharge can cause catastrophicfailures

ESD can also cause intermittent failures which are verydifficult to troubleshoot and correct


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Connect Computer System components and verifyoperation


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Verifying Operation of Components

Newer components and operating systems are able todynamically assign system resources.

Auto detect or Plug and play

Older devices may need to have the resourcesmanually set through software configuration


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Installing Peripherals and Verifying Operation


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Installing Peripherals

Connect the peripheral to the host with the appropriatecable

Install the appropriate driver

To troubleshoot

Verify that cables are properly connected PBI

That the device is powered on

Use self test functions of the device itself


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Summary Computers are used all over the world and in all types of

environments including: government, medical, education,manufacturing, legal and leisure.

There are many different types of computers available including:Mainframes, Servers, Desktop PCs, Workstations, Laptops andHand-held portable devices.

Data is represented by binary digits (bits) organized into bytes (B),kilobytes (kB ), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes(TB). Data transfer rates are measured by bits per second.Computer screen resolution is measured in pixels. Analogfrequencies, wireless transmissions and radio frequencies aremeasured in Hertz.

Things to consider when purchasing a computer: Motherboard,

CPU, RAM, Adapter Cards, Storage, Peripherals, UPS, SurgeSuppressors

Computers are a collection of very complex components andperipherals. Safety procedures must be followed when workinginside a computer, both to protect the equipment and prevent harmto the technician.


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Key terms

General use software

Industry specific software

Docking station

Hertz

RAM

NIC

Surge suppressor

UPS

CPU

Resource assignments

Bit

Byte

binary


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