DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

They sell BABY STUFF

NOT

Sell BABY

EXAMPLE:

EXAMPLE:

Aziz on his way to school

EXAMPLE:

Sony : Are you coming to the

party tonight?

Happy: I’ve got an exam

tomorrow

EXAMPLE:

Trying not to be out of theoffice for so long, Marisawent into nearest place, satdown and ordered asandwich. It was quitecrowded, but the service wasfast, so he left a good tipwhen she had to rush back

We can say a number of thing about the

scene and event. Although the text

doesn’t have the info. For example:

Marisa opened a door to get into

the restaurant

There was table there

She ate sandwich

She paid for it

So on

Discourse Analysis

Analysis of the relationship between forms and functions of language

It concerns with whole texts rather

than sentences or clauses

The study of different meaning in

different context of use

The writer/speaker build a network of

ideas or feelings and the

reader/listener interpret them.

to understand how social members

make sense of everyday life. (silent

period)

how conversation can happen at all.

CONVERSATION ANALYSIS (CA)

Attention Getting

Topic Nomination

Topic Development

Topic Termination

RULE OF CONVERSATION

FIRST

Attention Getting

To build a conversation, we have to get the attention of our

listener

SECOND

Topic Nomination

When the listener’s attention got, the topic of the conversation can

be chosen

THIRD

Topic Development

After the topic selected, the conversation maintained by using appropriate turn-

taking of each other. It can be clarification, shifting, avoidance and

interruption.

FOURTH

Topic Termination

The ending of the conversation. If there is no more development from each person

the conversation can be ended by various interactional functions (a glance at a

watch, a polite smile or “I have to go now”)

THERE ARE FOUR CONVERSATIONAL

MAXIM TO NOMINATE AND MAINTAIN THE

TOPIC

Quantity: Say only as much as necessary for

understanding the communication

Quality: Say only what is true

Relevance: Say only what is relevant with the

topic

Manner: Be clear to avoid ambiguity

“Pragmatic [is] a general cognitive, social, and cultural perspective on linguistic phenomena in relation to their usage in forms of behaviour.”

(Verchueren, 1999:7)

Conversational logic

Ardi : That is the telephone

Yulvi : I’m in the bath

Ardi : OK

Do you have a time?

Girls have been found to produce more ‘standard’ language than boys

Men have been reported to interrupt more than women

Men use stronger expletives, while women use more polite form

Carib Indian, between male and female, must use entirely different gender markings for abstract nouns

Communication is not just a matter of words

Communication is a matter of action

Communication is a matter of relationship and power

Communication creates and re-creates our social world

TUGAS MRS. LIES.ppt