DISCLAIMER The purpose of the following material is to promote the awareness of risk management...
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MANAGINGPRODUCTION RISKS
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DISCLAIMER
The purpose of the following material is to promote the awareness of risk management concepts and to highlight USDA’s risk management products, features, benefits and availability. This material does not change the content or the meaning of current policy provisions, filed actuarial documents or approved procedures.
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Today’s Objectives
Sources of Production Risk when Alternative Actions/Plans are Taken
Various Production Risks Management Strategies
Specific Focus: Crop Insurance Programs
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Review and Answer the
‘Questions to Consider’
Blocks at the end ofeach section.
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Sources of Production Risk
Technology & Crop Production Practices Sustainable Agriculture Elements of Sustainability
Integrated Pest Management Soil & Water Conservation Field/Landscape Diversity Seed Selection
Precision Agriculture Biotechnology Organically Grown Crops
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Enterprise Diversification Capital Investments
Irrigation Drainage Machinery
Landlord / Tenant Relationship Contract Production
Sources of Production Risk
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Production Risk Strategy Programs
CROP INSURANCE USDA subsidized insurance
programs provide farm producers and owners various methods to lower production yield and revenue risks.
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USDA's RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS/PRODUCTS
NAP
Uninsured
Dollar
DOPP
AGR
GRP
Other
RA
CRC
IP
Revenue
Limited
Add’l
CAT
MPCI
Traditional
Risk Mgt. TOOLS
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Insurance Availability by State
IDAHO
Apples, Barley, Canola, Corn, Dry Beans, Dry Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Nursery, Oats, Onions, Potatoes, Safflower, Sugar Beets, Processing Beans, Processing Sweet Corn and Wheat
(Program availability varies by county and is subject to change)
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Insurance Availability by State
OREGON
Apples, Barley, Cabbage, Canola, Cherries, Corn, Cranberries, Dry Beans, Dry Peas, Forage, Grapes, Green Peas, Nursery, Oats, Onions, Pears, Potatoes, Sugar Beets, Processing Beans, Processing Sweet Corn and Wheat
(Program availability varies by county and is subject to change)
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Insurance Availability by State
WASHINGTON
Apples, Barley, Cabbage, Canola, Cherries, Corn, Cranberries, Dry Beans, Dry Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Mint, Nursery, Oats, Onions, Pears, Potatoes, Sugar Beets, Processing Beans, Processing Sweet Corn and Wheat
(Program availability varies by county and is subject to change)
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YIELD / PRODUCTION RISK CROP INSURANCE
COVERAGE PROGRAMS
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Multi-Peril Crop Insurance (MPCI)
Yield Guarantee Units Contract Changes Reporting of Insured Acreage Reporting Crop Damage Reporting of Production Records
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Proving Yields
Actual Production History (APH) is a simple average of 4-10 years of actual yields, based on a producer’s records.
If a producer does not have records for four (4) years: A transition yield is used to complete the four (4)
year minimum base. ‘T’ yields are based on a county’s average yield
determined by USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS).
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The Reason to Prove Yields
When using ‘T’ yields, a significant loss would have to occur before an indemnity would be paid.
Records Records Records Records
NORECORDS
1 YEAR 2 YEARS 3 YEARS
65% of T 80% of T 90% of T 100% of T
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Providing Production EvidenceYEAR YIELD YIELD
90 No records No records
91 No records No records
92 No records No records
93 No records 80 Bu. Actual Yld
94 No records 72 Bu. Actual Yld
95 48 Bu. T Yld 81 Bu. Actual Yld
96 48 Bu. T Yld 76 Bu. Actual Yld
97 48 Bu. T Yld 78 Bu. Actual Yld
98 80 Bu. Actual Yld 80 Bu. Actual Yld
224 Total Bu. Divided by 4 years = 56 Bu.
467 Total Bu. Divided by 6 years = 78 Bu.
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Assume: 80 BU Average Wheat Yield60 BU 'T' Yield3.30 Expected Market Price (MPCI PE)
Yields Not Provided/Certified: 65% 'T' = 39 BU75% LEVEL: 75% X 39 BU = 29 BU
29 BU X $3.30 = $96.53/ac Yields Provided/Certified:75% LEVEL: 75 % X 80 BU = 60 BU
60 BU X $3.30 = $198/ac
Proving Your Yields PAYS DIVIDENDS !!
Benefits of Actual/Certified Yields
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COVERAGE LEVEL & PRICES Coverage Options - Choice of variable
percentages of the APH, from 50% up to 75%, in 5% increments (85% for Wheat and IP Barley in some areas).
Price Elections - Price at which you are compensated in the event of a loss. Choice of 60 to 100% of the expected market price or market price election.
Multi-Peril Crop Insurance (MPCI)
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CATASTROPHIC CROP INSURANCE (CAT)
CAT Coverage is available at the 50% coverage level and 55% maximum price election (this is a change from previous year’s 60%).
Multi-Peril Crop Insurance (MPCI)
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Insurance Coverage Endorsements Wheat Insurance Policy
Endorsements Winter Wheat Option A Winter Wheat Option B
Malting Barley Price and Quality Endorsements Option A Option B
Multi-Peril Crop Insurance (MPCI)
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Additional Production Risk Tools
Group Risk Plan (GRP) Named-Peril Protection Program (Hail,
Fire, Flood) Non-Insured Assistance Program (NAP)
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YIELD / PRODUCTION and REVENUE RISK CROP
INSURANCE COVERAGE PROGRAMS
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INCOME PROTECTION (IP)
Enterprise Unit (County) CAT is Available Projected / Harvest Price derived from
Portland Grain Exchange Late Planting/Replant Payment IP Barley with Malt Barley Option (Price
derived from Corn Futures)
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IP protects against reductions in gross income when yields or prices fall.
INCOME PROTECTION (IP)
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Crop Revenue Coverage (CRC)
Guarantees a stated amount of revenue - final guarantee.
Covers revenue losses due to low price, low yield, or any combination of the two.
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Basic / Optional / Enterprise Enterprise - Premium Discount CAT Not Available Base / Harvest Price derived from
Portland Grain Exchange Late Planting/Replant Payment Winter Coverage Endorsement Replacement Coverage Level
Crop Revenue Coverage (CRC)
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CROP INSURANCE COMPARISON CHART
Side-by-Side WHEAT Insurance Program Comparisons: MPCI Income Protection Crop Revenue Coverage
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ADMINISTRATIVE FEES
Catastrophic Coverage - $60, per crop, per county
Limited Coverage - $50 per crop, per county, not to exceed $200/county, $600 total
Additional Coverage - $20 per crop
**Small-Limited Resource Farmer Fee Waiver is Available on Some Programs / Coverage Levels
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Crop Insurance
Premium
Calculation & Loss
Indemnity
Scenarios & ExamplesPacific Northwest Wheat Crop
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Multi-Peril Crop Insurance (MPCI) Calculation
Eastern Washington Wheat Farm
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MPCI Premium Calculation
APH Yield is 62 Bushel = 46.5 Bushel/Acre Guarantee
Price Election is $3.30 $153.45 Insurance Coverage per Acre $4.33 Producer’s Premium Per Acre
Assume: MPCI Insurance Policy - Non-Irrigated Winter Wheat - WITHOUT Winter Wheat Option - Basic Unit Discount - 75 % Coverage Level
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APH Yield is 62 Bushel = 46.5 Bushel/Acre Guarantee
Price Election is $3.30 $153.45 Insurance Coverage per Acre
+ Winter Damage Coverage $7.08 Producer’s Premium Per Acre
MPCI Premium Calculation
Assume: MPCI Insurance Policy - Non-Irrigated Winter Wheat - WITH Winter Wheat Option B Basic Unit Discount - 75%Coverage Level
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MPCI Indemnity
Assume: All Acres Harvested/Winter Wheat - Endorsement Not Exercised
62 Bu APH X 75% Coverage Level = 46.5 Bu/Acre Guarantee
46.5 Bu Guarantee - 35 Bu Production Harvested = 11.5 Bu Loss/Acre
11.5 Bu Loss X $3.30 Price Election = $37.95 Indemnity/Acre
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Crop Revenue Coverage (CRC) Insurance Calculation
Eastern Washington Wheat Farm
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Assume: Crop Revenue Protection Insurance Policy - Non-Irrigated Winter Wheat -WITHOUT Winter Wheat Option A or B - Basic Unit Discount - 75% Coverage Level
APH Yield is 62 Bushel = 46.5 Bushel/Acre Guarantee
Base Price is $3.40 $158.10 Insurance Coverage per
Acre $8.35 Producer’s Premium Per Acre
Crop Revenue Coverage (CRC) Insurance Calculation
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Crop Revenue Coverage Insurance Premium Calculation
Assume: Crop Revenue Protection Insurance Policy - Non-Irrigated Winter Wheat -WITH Winter Wheat Option B - Basic Unit Discount 75% Coverage Level
APH Yield is 62 Bushel = 46.5 Bushel/Acre Guarantee Base Price is $3.40 $158.10 Insurance Coverage per Acre
+ Winter Damage Coverage $13.63 Producer’s Premium Per Acre
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Crop Revenue Coverage Insurance Indemnity
Assume: All Acres Harvested - Winter Wheat - Endorsement Not Exercised -Harvest Price Lower than Base Price (With a Production Loss)
Revenue Guarantee: Approved APH yield of 62 Bu/Acre X 75% Coverage Level X the higher of Base Price or Harvest Price is $3.40 Base Price = $158.10/Acre Guarantee
Value of Production (Harvested) 35 Bu/Acre X $3.00 Harvest Price = $105/Acre Income
Loss Payment: $158.10 Guarantee - $105/Acre Income = $53.10 Acre Indemnity
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Assume: Harvest Price Higher than Base Price (With a Production Loss)
Revenue Guarantee: Approved APH yield of 62 Bu/Acre X 75% Coverage Level X the higher of Base Price or Harvest Price of $3.70 Harvest Price = $172.05/Acre Guarantee
Value of Production (Harvested) 35 Bu/Acre X $3.70 Harvest Price = $129.50/Acre Income
Loss Payment: $172.05 Guarantee - $129.50/Acre Income = $42.55 Acre Indemnity
Crop Revenue Coverage Insurance Indemnity
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Income Protection (IP) Crop Insurance Calculation
Eastern Washington Wheat Farm
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Income Protection Crop Insurance Premium Calculation
Assume: Income Protection Insurance Policy - Non- Irrigated Winter Wheat WITHOUT Winter Wheat -Not Available under IP Basic Unit Discount 75 Percent Coverage Level
APH Yield is 62 Bushel = 46.5 Bushel/Acre
Guarantee Projected Winter Wheat Price is $3.40 $158.10 Insurance Coverage per Acre $4.83 Producer’s Premium Per Acre
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Income Protection Crop Insurance Indemnity
Value of Production (Harvested) 35 Bu/Acre X $3.00 Harvest Price = $105/Acre Income
Loss Payment: $158.10 Guarantee - $105/Acre Income =
$53.10 Acre Indemnity
Assume: Harvest Price Lower than Projected Price (With a Production Loss) Dollar Guarantee: 62 Bu/Acre X 75% Coverage Level X $3.40 Projected Price = $158.10/Acre Guarantee
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Income Protection Crop Insurance Indemnity
Value of Production (Harvested) 35 Bu/Acre X $3.70 Harvest Price =
$129.50/Acre Income Loss Payment: $158.10 Guarantee - $129.50/Acre Income = $28.60 Acre Indemnity
Assume: Harvest Price Higher than Projected Price (With a Production Loss) Dollar Guarantee: 62 Bu/Acre X 75% Coverage Level X $3.40 Projected Price = $158.10/Acre Guarantee
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Reference Materials
Risk Management List of National Crop Insurance
Companies Web sites Definitions Program FACT Sheets State & County Data Tables Skill Quiz
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Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR)
Pilot ProgramAGR insurance plan is a non- traditional, whole farm risk management tool which uses a producer’s historic Schedule F tax form information as a base to provide a level of guaranteed revenue for the insurance period.
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Dairy Options Pilot Program (DOPP)
Educational ProgramDOPP is an risk management education program designed to give dairy producers an opportunity to learn how futures and options markets work and, at the same time, give dairy producers first-hand experience in buying option contracts to insure a minimum price for their milk.
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PLAN AHEAD . . .
. . .Take Steps Toward Managing Your Production Risks to Protect Agricultural Business! ! !
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Pacific Northwest Risk Management Education Project
Managing Production Risks Developed by: USDA / Risk Management Agency
Spokane Regional Office
112 North University, # 205
Spokane, Washington 99206
(509)353-2147
(509)353-3149 FAX
Web Site: www.usda.gov.rma/rme