Disciplining Children with Kindness - A Shi'ite Shari'a Perspective (UNICEF)

7/31/2019 Disciplining Children with Kindness - A Shi'ite Shari'a Perspective (UNICEF)

1/49

rka}b cf| hoaim|bk

Maxha~iakake Hoaim|bk

ua}o DakmkbxxJ Xoaa}b Xoj|a%j ^b|x~bh}asb


2/49


3/49

Maxha~iakake Hoaim|bk

ua}o Dakmkbxx

J Xoaa}b Xoj|a%j ^b|x~bh}asb

X~|ake >?


4/49

Jii |aeo}x |bxb|sbm+ ]oax ~rliahj}afk ax hf~q|aeo}bm) lr} gjq lb |b~|fmrhbm lq jkq gb}ofmx ua}ofr}

cbb f| ~|af| ~b|gaxxafk cf| jmsfhjhq cf| hoaim |aeo}x) lr} kf} cf| xjib+

]ob x}j}bgbk}x ak }oax ~rliahj}afk j|b }ob ~b|xfkji sabux fc }ob jr}of|x jkm

mf kf} kbhbxxj|aiq |bcibh} }ob sabux fc }ob Rka}bm Kj}afkx Hoaim|bk%x Crkm f|

jkq f}ob| Rka}bm Kj}afkx f|ejkapj}afkx+

Maxha~iakake Hoaim|bk ua}o Dakmkbxx

]|jkxij}bm lq Xajgjd Mbij|j

Bma}bm lq Ebf|eakj G+ Ka}pxhob jkm Xj|jo GhoreoMbxaekbm lq X}qij Jmsb|}axake Hf+ /]bo|jk&Xajgjd Gfoa}pjmbo!

>5 lq Rka}bm Kj}afkx Hoaim|bk%x Crkm

A+\+ A|jk hfrk}|q fccahb

Kf+


5/49

IAX] FC HFK]BK]X

^|bcjhb +++

E|jkm Jqj}riijo Gfrxjsa J|mblaia +

E|jkm Jqj}riijo Xjkba ++++

Jqj}riijo Ojxobga \jcxjk`jka +Jqj}riijo Gfrxjsa Lf`kfr|ma +++

Jqj}riijo Gfojeobeo Mjgjm ++

Jqj}riijo Gj|jxoa ++

IAX] FC HFK]BK]X

^|bcjhb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +:

E|jkm Jqj}riijo Gfrxjsa J|mblaia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +3

E|jkm Jqj}riijo Xjkba + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +:5

Jqj}riijo Ojxobga \jcxjk`jka + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +


6/49


7/49

:

^\BCJHB

]ob |bhbk} eiflji x}rmq fk hoaim|bk jkm safibkhb ojx |beax}b|bm ~oqxahji jkm xbrji jlrxb

jx ubii jx kbeibh} jkm b~ifa}j}afk fc hoaim|bk ak jii xfhab}abx fc }ob uf|im+ A} ax ~j|}ahrij|iq

uf||axfgb uobk xrho ~obkfgbkj oj~~bk akxamb }ob cjgaiq ' }ob ~ijhb uob|b }ob hoaim

xofrim lb |jaxbm jkm hj|bm cf| ua}o ifsb jkm dakmkbxx jkm lb ~|f}bh}bm jejakx} safibkhb+

Maxha~iakb ax ag~f|}jk} ua}oak }ob cjgaiq) lr} hjk jkm xofrim lb mbiasb|bm ua}ofr} |bhfr|xb

}f ~oqxahji ~rkaxogbk}x+ ]ob|b ax xrlx}jk}aji xhabk}acah bsambkhb uf|imuamb }oj} safibk} max'

ha~iakb hfk}|alr}bx }f ~xqhofifeahji jkm f}ob| mbsbif~gbk}ji ~|flibgx fc }ob hoaim+

RKAHBC ax jxxax}ake hfrk}|abx jii fsb| }ob uf|im }f ~|bsbk} safibkhb jejakx} hoaim|bk+ ]oax

jxxax}jkhb ax ljxbm fk }ob gaxxafk fc RKAHBC) }ob hoaim|bk%x f|ejkapj}afk fc }ob Rka}bm

Kj}afkx) }f xr~~f|} X}j}bx jkm xfhab}abx ak }ob |bjiapj}afk fc hoaim|bk%x |aeo}x+

]ob |aeo} }f e|fu r~ ak jk bksa|fkgbk} c|bb fc safibkhb ax j crkmjgbk}ji orgjk |aeo} fc

}ob hoaim jx a} ax fc jii orgjk lbakex+ ]ob Hfksbk}afk fk }ob \aeo}x fc }ob Hoaim /H\H! ak

a}x j|}ahib :1 x}j}bx0 ,X}j}bx ^j|}abx xojii }jdb jii j~~|f~|aj}b ibeaxij}asb) jmgakax}|j}asb)

xfhaji jkm bmrhj}afkji gbjxr|bx }f ~|f}bh} }ob hoaim c|fg jii cf|gx fc ~oqxahji f| gbk}ji

safibkhb) ak`r|q f| jlrxb) kbeibh} f| kbeiaebk} }|bj}gbk}) gji}|bj}gbk} f| b~ifa}j}afk)

akhirmake xbrji jlrxb) uoaib ak }ob hj|b fc ~j|bk}/x!) ibeji erj|majk/x! f| jkq f}ob| ~b|'

xfk uof ojx hj|b fc }ob hoaim+,

Ak A|jk) RKAHBC ojx uf|dbm ua}o }ob efsb|kgbk} xakhb >2 ak jmm|bxxake hoaim jlrxb+ ]ob

hff~b|j}afk akhirmbx }bhokahji jxxax}jkhb ak ibeji |bcf|g) }|jakake fc obji}o uf|db|x fk bj|iq

mb}bh}afk fc hoaim jlrxb) bx}jliaxoake of}iakbx cf| hoaim|bk xrccb|ake c|fg safibkhb jx ubii jx

~rliah akcf|gj}afk jkm |bxbj|ho fk }ob axxrb+ Gjkq ag~f|}jk} jkm akkfsj}asb aka}aj}asbx ojsb

x}j|}bm xakhb }obk+ Lr} }ob gfx} ag~f|}jk} jx~bh} fc }oax hff~b|j}afk ax ~|bsbk}afk+

^|bsbk}afk ax j maccahri} jkm hfg~ib }jxd+ ]ob |ff}x fc safibkhb jejakx} hoaim|bk ua}oak }ob

cjgaiq j|b gjkq+ Fc}bk xrho ~|flibgx j|axb jx j |bxri} fc e|fuake x}|bxx fk ~j|bk}x) ak hfg'

lakj}afk ua}o }ob lbiabc }oj} hf|~f|ji ~rkaxogbk} ax jk bccbh}asb ujq }f hfk}|fi jkm maxha~iakb

}ob hoaim+ Cjgaiabx }obgxbisbx gjq kf} sabu hf|~f|ji ~rkaxogbk} jx }ob safibkhb }oj} a} ax+

Akmbbm) safibk} bmrhj}afk gb}ofmx rkmb|gakb }ob jlaia}q fc }ob hoaim }f hfkhbk}|j}b ak

xhoffi) }obq }bkm }f magakaxo }ob xbic'bx}bbg fc }ob hoaim jkm hfk}|alr}b }f jk}a'xfhaji lbojs'

afr| f| xbic'akciah}bm oj|g+ Hf|~f|ji ~rkaxogbk} fc hoaim|bk jixf ojx jk b}oahji magbkxafk

b~|bxxbm ak }ob ~o|jxb0 ,Oa}}ake ~bf~ib ax u|fke+ Hoaim|bk j|b ~bf~ib }ff+, Jii ak jii) jkq dakm

fc kbeibh} f| ~oqxahji jkm gbk}ji jlrxb ax rkjhhb~}jlib lbhjrxb a} kbej}asbiq ag~jh}x fk

}ob obji}o jkm bmrhj}afk fc hoaim|bk) hfk}|alr}bx }f kbej}asb xfhaji lbojsafr| jkm safij}bx

}oba| maeka}q jkm |aeo}x+ Ub rkmb|iakb }oj} jii hoaim|bk ojsb }ob |aeo} }f lb ~|f}bh}bm c|fg

oj|xo f| h|rbi ~rkaxogbk}x) c|fg jkq }q~b fc mbe|jmj}afk f| }o|bj} }f }oba| iacb+


8/49

Ak iaeo} fc }oax) a} lbhfgbx hibj| }oj} hfob|bk} jkm xrx}jakbm bccf|}x j|b kbbmbm }f ~|bsbk}

jkq dakm fc hoaim jlrxb+ Ibeji gbjxr|bx j|b kbhbxxj|q }f ~|f}bh} }ob qfrke jkm }f ~rkaxo

}ob ~b|~b}|j}f|x fc hoaim jlrxb+ Xfhaji xb|sahbx grx} lb ~r} ak ~ijhb }f xr~~f|} jkm hfrkxbijccbh}bm hoaim|bk jkm }oba| cjgaiabx+ Ak hfk`rkh}afk ua}o }oax) ofubsb|) grho kbbmx }f lb

mfkb }f |jaxb juj|bkbxx jgfke jii ibsbix fc xfhab}q fk ofu }f ~|bsbk} hoaim jlrxb+

\jaxake ~rliah juj|bkbxx ax kf} j efji ak a}xbic+ A} kbbmx }f lb }|jkxij}bm ak}f xfgb}oake

gf|b hfkh|b}b0 }ob hojkeb fc j}}a}rmbx jkm lbojsafr|x+ ]oax ax uoq }|jkxcb||ake dkfui'

bmeb jkm lraimake xdaiix ak safibkhb'c|bb maxha~iakb jkm bmrhj}afk fc ~j|bk}x) }bjhob|x jkm

hj|b'}jdb|x ' ak xof|}) bsb|qfkb uof ~ijqx j |fib ak }ob iacb fc j hoaim ' ax xf h|rhaji+

Ak A|jk) hib|ahx jkm |biaeafrx xhofij|x j|b ag~f|}jk} ~j|}kb|x jkm jh}f|x ak }oax bkmbjsfr|+

]obq ojsb x}|fke akcirbkhb ak xfhab}q jkm eramb }ob }oakdake jkm jh}afk fc gaiiafkx fclbiabsb|x+ ]obq ~fxxbxx }ob gf|ji jr}of|a}q }f akcirbkhb xfhaji f~akafkx jkm xfhaji lbojs'

afr| bx~bhajiiq uobk a} hfgbx }f gj||ajeb) cjgaiq iacb jkm r~l|akeake fc hoaim|bk+

]ob|bcf|b RKAHBC A|jk lbejk }f xbbd }ob xr~~f|} jkm hfiijlf|j}afk fc ag~f|}jk} |bia'

eafrx ibjmb|x jkm xhofij|x fc }ob hfrk}|q ak }ob caeo} jejakx} safibkhb jejakx} hoaim|bk+

Bjho jkm bsb|q hib|ah f| |biaeafrx xhofij| f~bkbm }ob mff|x aggbmaj}biq uobk ub jxdbm cf|

j gbb}ake+ Jii |biaeafrx ibjmb|x ub gb} b~|bxxbm }oba| hfkhb|k fsb| }ob cjh} }oj} safibkhb

xbbgx }f efsb|k |bij}afkx lb}ubbk ~j|bk}x jkm hoaim|bk ak xfgb cjgaiabx ' uob}ob| ak A|jk

f| ak f}ob| hfrk}|abx+ Gjkq je|bbm }f xoj|b }oba| uaxmfg jkm |biaeafrx ~b|x~bh}asbx fk saf'

ibkhb'c|bb bmrhj}afk ua}o RKAHBC jkm j l|fjmb| jrmabkhb+ Ljxbm fk }oba| |bjmake fc }ob |bia'eafrx }b}x jkm jk jkjiqxax fc }ob |bibsjk} ~jxxjebx) }ob ofkfr|jlib |biaeafrx jr}of|a}abx

jkxub|bm xbsbk zrbx}afkx }oj} b~frkm fk }ob hf||bh} ujqx fc Axijgah bmrhj}afk+

Ub j|b mbb~iq e|j}bcri cf| }ob f~bkkbxx jkm }ob x~a|a} fc hfiijlf|j}afk }oj} }ob |biaeafrx

ibjmb|x fc A|jk ojsb b}bkmbm }f rx+ Ub of~b }ob |bjmb|x fc }oax lffdib} uaii cakm }ob |bia'

eafrx eramjkhb fk lbx} ujqx }f |jaxb }ob hoaim akxaeo}cri jkm akx}|rh}asb+ A} mfhrgbk}x

}ob }ofreo}x jkm eramjkhb fc xa bgakbk} |biaeafrx xhofij|x uof ojsb j ~|fcfrkm akxaeo}

ak}f }ob sjx} j|hoasb fc Axijgah }b}x jkm |bcb|bkhb gj}b|aji |bij}bm }f }ob bmrhj}afk)

eramjkhb jkm maxha~iakb fc }ob hoaim+

Ua}ofr} j mfrl}) }ob sj|ab}q fc f~akafkx b~|bxxbm ak }oax lffdib} |bcibh} }ob mqkjgaxg fc Xoaa}b

`r|ax~|rmbkhb jkm ~|fsb }oj} }ob aksfisbgbk} fc |biaeafrx ibjmb|x hjk ~ijq jk ag~f|}jk} |fib ak

|bjiapake }ob |aeo}x fc hoaim|bk ak A|jk+ Uoaib }ob|b bax}x jk j||jq fc f~akafkx |bij}bm }f }ob zrbx'

}afk fc uob}ob| gaim cf|gx fc hf|~f|ji ~rkaxogbk} j|b jmgaxxalib) fkb x}|fke hfggfk ~|akha'

~ib rka}bx jii x}j}bgbk}x0 }ob lbx} ujq }f bmrhj}b }ob hoaim ax ua}o dakmkbxx jkm ~j}abkhb+

RKAHBC criiq je|bbx ua}o }oax ~|akha~ib jkm uaxobx }f rkmb|iakb }ob ag~f|}jkhb fc bmr'

hj}afk ua}o dakmkbxx jkm bkcf|hbgbk} fc maxha~iakb ua}ofr} safibkhb+ Ub lbiabsb }oj} }ob

lbx} ujq }f |jaxb }ob hoaim ax }f h|bj}b j cjgaiq bksa|fkgbk} c|bb fc safibkhb jkm ub of~b

}oj} }oax lffdib} hfk}|alr}bx }f ~|fgf}afk fc bmrhj}afk ua}o dakmkbxx ak jii x~ob|bx fc jhoaim%x xfhaji iacb+


9/49

8

\aeo}x hjk lb bx}jliaxobm fk ~j~b| ' lr} }obq uaii ibjm }f }ob |bjiapj}afk fc orgjk maeka'

}q fkiq ac xfhaji jh}afk ax }jdbk+ Obkhb) hoaim|bk%x |aeo}x |bzra|b0 hfkmrhasb ijux4 xfhaji)

bhfkfgah jkm `rmahaji ~fiahabx4 xb|sahbx jkm hri}r|ji lbojsafr| }f lbhfgb fc ~|jh}ahjisjirb cf| hoaim|bk+ \biaeafrx ibjmb|x) jx erj|majkx fc orgjk maeka}q) ojsb jiujqx ojm jkm

uaii hfk}akrb }f ojsb x~bhaji |bx~fkxalaia}q jkm jhhfrk}jlaia}q ak }ob xbj|ho jkm ~|jh}ahji

ag~ibgbk}j}afk fc ibeji jkm xfhaji xfir}afkx cf| }ob ~|flibgx fc hoaim|bk+

Easbk }ob ifke jkm ubii'bx}jliaxobm }|jma}afk fc Axijgah hfkhb|k jkm hj|b cf| hoaim|bk)

}ob|b ax ij|eb x~jhb cf| ~|jh}ahji ~j|}kb|xoa~ lb}ubbk RKAHBC jkm |biaeafrx ibjmb|x ak

}ob cabim fc hoaim|bk%x |aeo}x+ Cf| bjg~ib) ak A|jk }oax ~j|}kb|xoa~ cfhrxbx fk cfr| j|bjx0

:+ Ljxah |bxbj|ho fk hoaim |aeo}x jkm Axijg)


10/49

Cakjiiq) jiifu gb }f xjq }oax0 ub iasb ak j ~fij|apbm uf|im+ Gfkfiferb jiujqx hj||abx j oaeo

|axd fc safibkhb uoaib majiferb ~jsbx }ob ujq }f ~bjhb+ ]ob|bcf|b jii cf|gx fc majiferb

lb}ubbk Axijgah jkm kfk'Axijgah) |biaeafrx jkm kfk'|biaeafrx }oakdb|x) |bxbj|hob|x jkm~|jh}a}afkb|x fk hoaim |aeo}x jkm ufgbk%x |aeo}x j|b kf} fkiq ak }ob lbx} ak}b|bx} fc hoai'

m|bk lr} j|b jixf ag~f|}jk} hfk}|alr}afkx }f uf|im ~bjhb jkm orgjka}q ' jkm j ujq }f

|b~ijhb }ob xf'hjiibm ,Hijxo fc Hasaiapj}afkx, ua}o j ,Majiferb fc Hasaiapj}afkx+,

=


11/49

2

ZRBX]AFKX

]ob ~b|xfkji }b}x ak }oax lffdib} oaeoiaeo} }ob gjak Axijgah xfr|hbx jkm eramjkhb ak|bx~fkxb }f }ob cfiifuake xbsbk zrbx}afkx0

:+ Uoj} ax }ob ~fxa}afk fc }ob Ofiq Zr|jk jkm |biaeafrx |ribx |bej|make hoaim jlrxb6


12/49

E\JKM JQJ]RIIJO JLMFIDJ\AG GFRXJSA J\MBLAIA

LAFE\J^OQJqj}riijo J|mblaia ujx lf|k ak J|mblai) kf|}oubx}b|k A|jk ak :1


13/49

5

AK ]OB KJGB FC EFM

E|bb}akex+ A ufrim iadb }f uaxo xrhhbxx }f }ofxb uof gjdb bccf|}x }f |bkmb| j xb|sahb }f

orgjka}q) bx~bhajiiq }f ~bf~ib uof hjkkf} x}jkm r~ cf| }oba| fuk |aeo}x lbhjrxb fc

akjlaia}q f| hb|}jak ubjdkbxxbx+ Ak |bx~fkxb }f }ob zrbx}afkx |jaxbm ak }ob ib}}b| lq }ob

max}akeraxobm |b~|bxbk}j}asb fc RKAHBC }f }ob Axijgah \b~rliah fc A|jk) A ufrim iadb }f

m|ju qfr| j}}bk}afk }f }ob cfiifuake) uoaho ax ~|ffc fc }ob xaekacahjkhb }ob Grxiag cja}o

j}}jhobx }f hoaim|bk+

UBII'LBOJSBM JKM GB\A]F\AFRX HOAIM\BKUbii'lbojsbm jkm gb|a}f|afrx hoaim|bk j|b j e|bj} eac} c|fg Efm }f cjgaiabx+ ]ob

hfkmrh} fc xrho hoaim|bk ax j xfr|hb fc ofkfr| cf| }oba| ~j|bk}x+ Ob|b j|b j krg'

lb| fc x}j}bgbk}x lq ~|fgakbk} Axijgah ibjmb|x fk }ob axxrb+ /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b)

Hoj~}b|

^|f~ob} Grojggjm) Efm%x ~bjhb lb r~fk oag jkm oax ofrxbofim) ojx xjam0

Ubii'lbojsbm hoaim|bk hjk lb iadbkbm }f xubb}'xgbiiake cifub|x ojkmbm fr} lq Efm }f

Oax h|bj}r|bx+

Jkm jixf0

]ob|b j|b j krglb| fc }oakex }oj} bkxr|b }ob xrhhbxx jkm ~|fx~b|a}q fc j Grxiag0 j

gb|a}f|afrx x~frxb) j lae ofrxb) j of|xb xra}jlib cf| |amake) jkm j ubii'lbojsbm) gb|'

a}f|afrx hoaim+ /Lboj| fi'Jksj|) Sfirgb :>:!:!=

]oax ax xfgb}oake bixb Agjg Xjmbeo /^lro!) ojx xjam0

^|f~ob} Grojggjm ojx x}j}bm }oj} @bxrx Ho|ax}) ~bjhb lb r~fk oag) fkhb ujidx

~jx} j e|jsb uofxb fhhr~jk} ax ak jefkq+ Fkb qbj| ij}b|) @bxrx ujidx ~jx} }ob xjgb

e|jsb lr} cakmx a}x fhhr~jk}x hjig+ ,Ijx} qbj| }ob ~b|xfk ak }ob e|jsb ujx ak jefkq4


14/49

}oax qbj|) }ob|b ax kf xaek fc }ob jkeraxo,) @bxrx }biix Efm+ ]oax ax uoj} Efm |bsbjix

}f @bxrx jc}b| oax hfggbk}0 ,]ob ubii'lbojsbm fccx~|ake fc }oax akmasamrji hjgb fc

jeb) ~jsbm }ob ~j}ox ~bf~ib }|fm) jkm }ffd jk f|~ojk rkmb| oax uake+ ]oj} ujx uoqA ~j|mfkbm }ob cj}ob|+, /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b) Hoj~}b|

Axijgah }bjhoakex m|ju }ob j}}bk}afk fc ~j|bk}x }f }ob cjh} }oj} }ob ~b|xfkjia}q fc }oba|

hoaim|bk ax ~j|} fc }oba| fuk ~b|xfkjia}q+ Ak ambk}acqake }ob ifc}q x}j}rx fc |f~ob} Jl|jojg

/^lro!) }ob ofiq Zr|jk jixf kjgbx oax ~|febkq akhirmake f}ob| ~|f~ob}x jkm ~|fgakbk}

caer|bx+ /Jk%jg Hoj~}b|) Sb|xbx ?= ' ?3!3

]OB ^OQXAHJI JKM GBK]JI OBJI]O FC HOAIM\BK

Axijgah akx}|rh}afkx jixf j}}jho ag~f|}jkhb }f bccf|}x }f bkxr|b }ob ~oqxahji jkm gbk}jiobji}o fc hoaim|bk jkm x}|bxx |bx~bh} cf| }oba| hoj|jh}b| jkm ~b|xfkjia}q+ ]f xbhr|b }oax

ag~f|}jk} fl`bh}asb) xbsb|ji ~|jh}ahji j~~|fjhobx }f lb ag~ibgbk}bm j} maccb|bk} x}jebx)

ojsb lbbk xreebx}bm0 akhirmake lbcf|b) mr|ake jkm jc}b| hfkhb~}afk4 lbcf|b) mr|ake jkm

jc}b| la|}o4 jkm mr|ake }ob hoaim%x akcjkhq) hoaimoffm jkm jmfibxhbkhb+ Xfgb fc }obg

j~~bj| lbifu0

J+ Axijgah akx}|rh}afkx maxhfr|jeb orxljkmx jkm uasbx c|fg ojsake xbrji ak}b|hfr|xb ak

hb|}jak hfkma}afkx) }agbx jkm ~ijhbx jkm |bgakmx }obg fc }ob hfkxbzrbkhbx ak}b|hfr|xb

ak }ofxb hfkma}afkx ufrim l|ake jlfr} cf| hoaim|bk+ J} }ob xjgb }agb) }obq bkhfr|jeb

orxljkmx jkm uasbx }f ojsb xbrji ak}b|hfr|xb ak hb|}jak hfkma}afkx) }agbx jkm ~ijhbxjkm |bgakm }obg fc }ob ~fxa}asb ag~jh} ak}b|hfr|xb ak }ofxb hfkma}afkx ufrim ojsb fk

hoaim|bk+ /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b) Gj||ajeb Lffd!5

L+ Axijgah akx}|rh}afkx bkhfr|jeb ~|bekjk} ufgbk }f f~} cf| ojiji /xjkh}afkbm lq Axijgah

iju!) obji}oq cffm ua}o oaeo kr}|a}afkji sjirb jkm jsfam rkobji}oq cffm ua}o mb}|agbk}ji

bccbh}x+ /Lboj| fi'Jksj|) Sfirgb :>:!?

H+ Axijgah akx}|rh}afkx bkhfr|jeb ~j|bk}x }f }ojkd Efm ac }oba| ljlq ax obji}oq) uoax~b|

}ob ca|x} hjii }f ~|jqb| ak oax&ob| |aeo} bj| jkm }ob xbhfkm ak oax&ob| ibc} bj|+ Xrho j gbjx'

r|b jgfrk}x }f ak}|fmrh}afk fc }ob |aeo} ambjx }f }ob hoaim aggbmaj}biq jc}b| ob&xob axlf|k+ ]obq jixf bkhfr|jeb ~j|bk}x }f hoffxb effm kjgbx) bx~bhajiiq }ofxb fc e|bj} cae'

r|bx+ Fc hfr|xb a} ax grho lb}}b| }f hoffxb j kjgb lbcf|b }ob la|}o fc }ob ljlq4 j ~|f~'

b| cjgaiq kjgb xofrim lb hofxbk+ ]ob ljlq xofrim lb hif}obm ak j hibjk) uoa}b m|bxx4 j

~j|}q xofrim lb }o|fuk }f hbibl|j}b oax&ob| la|}o) oax&ob| objm xofrim lb xojsbm jkm efim

f| xaisb| ' bzrji }f }ob ubaeo} fc }ob ljlq' xofrim lb easbk ak jigx+ /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b)

Gj||ajeb Lffd!1

M+ ]obq bkhfr|jeb gf}ob|x }f l|bjx}'cbbm }oba| ljlabx cf| j hb|}jak ~b|afm fc }agb ak j

hb|}jak gjkkb|+ Ak hjxb fc akjlaia}q) gf}ob|x xofrim oa|b ub} kr|xbx cf| }ob }jxd+ Xrho

?


15/49

1

kr|xbx xofrim kf} lb rkj}}|jh}asb) xofrim ojsb kf maxjlaia}q) }oba| jlaia}q }f l|bjx}'cbbm

xofrim kf} hfgb jx j |bxri} fc ojsake jk fr}'fc'ubmifhd jccja|) }obq xofrim kf} lb aiibea}'

agj}b }obgxbisbx) }obq xofrim kf} cfiifu hf||r~} ambjx) }obq xofrim kf} lb xakkb|x) jkm}obq xofrim kf} lb rkak}biiaebk}+ /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b) Gj||ajeb Lffd!:>

B+ Axijgah akx}|rh}afkx ~jq j}}bk}afk }f }ob erj|majkxoa~ fc }ob hoaim jkm }ob ~bf~ib) ba}ob|

~j|bk}x f| kfk'~j|bk}x) uof }jdb r~ }oax |bx~fkxalaia}q+ /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b) Gj||ajeb Lffd!::

C+ Axijgah akx}|rh}afkx jixf j}}jho xaekacahjkhb }f gjak}jakake }ob ambk}a}q fc }ob hoaim+ Kf

fkb ax jiifubm }f |bkfrkhb j hoaim uof lbifkex }f oag&ob| rkmb| |biaeafrx iju+ /Sjxjbi

fi'Xoaa}b) Gj||ajeb Lffd!:> qbj|x }f jhoabsb+ /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b)

Gj||ajeb Lffd!:?

J gjk saxa}bm ^|f~ob} Grojggjm /^lro!) jkm xjam }oj} ob ojm kbsb| daxxbm oax hoaim|bk+Uobk ob ibjsbx) }ob gbxxbkeb| fc Efm xjam) ,]f gb) }oax gjk ax lfrkm cf| ca|b /obii!+,

/Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b) Gj||ajeb Lffd!:1

]ob ^|f~ob} /^lro! ufrim }|bj} oax mjreo}b| Cj}agjo /^lro! ua}o xf grho |bx~bh} }oj}

oax lbojsafr| ufrim m|ju }ob xr|~|axb fc ~bf~ib+ Mbx~a}b oax ~fxa}afk jx gbxxbkeb| fc

Efm) ^|f~ob} Grojggjm /^lro!) ufrim daxx ob| ojkmx+

Ofubsb| a} xofrim lb gbk}afkbm }oj} Axijg jmsaxbx }ob cja}ocri }fuj|mx gfmb|j}afk ak

xofuake jccbh}afk }f hoaim|bk+ Akf|makj}b jccbh}afk x~faix hoaim|bk jkm ~|bsbk}x }obg c|fg

mbsbif~ake j xbkxb fc akmb~bkmbkhb jkm xbic'xrccahabkhq+ Jx j |bxri} fc akf|makj}b jccbh'}afk) hoaim|bk) uof j|b iadb qfrke xj~iakex) jiujqx |bgjak ak }ob xojmb fc ~j|bk}x) uoaho

j|b iadb x}|fke }|bbx) jkm hjkkf} e|fu fk }oba| fuk+ Hfkxbzrbk}iq) }ob x}f|g fc iacb jkm

}ob akhambk}x }obq j|b iadbiq }f mbji ua}o l|ake }obg }f }oba| dkbbx+

]ob xbsbk}o Xoaa}b Agjg) Gfrxj Djpbg /^lro!) jmsaxbm ~j|bk}x }f bkhfr|jeb }oba| hoai'

m|bk }f rkmb|}jdb xfgb maccahri} |bx~fkxalaia}abx ak }oba| hoaimoffm xf }oj} }obq ufrim

mbsbif~ j xbkxb fc }fib|jkhb jkm ~j}abkhb uobk }obq e|fu r~+ /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b)

Gj||ajeb Lffd!

Hoaim|bk uaii xrccb| j if} ac }oba| ~j|bk}x ~jg~b| }obg+ ^j|bk}x uof ifsb }oba| hoaim|bkxofrim }bjho }obg `rmahafrxkbxx jkm ~ab}q jkm jsfam jkq}oake }oj} ~jg~b|x }obg+

/Lfrx}jk) Hoj~}b| 5!


17/49

::

/]fojc fi'Feoffi !!


18/49

}f j hoaim) Efm axxrbx }ob f|mb| }f ~|f}bh} }ob }bjhob|) hoaim jkm oax&ob| ~j|bk}x c|fg

Iaglf+, /Gfx}jm|jd fi'Sjxjbi) Hoj~}b| 3>!8:

Agjg Jia /^lro! xjqx }oj} }ob |bx~fkxalaia}abx fc ~j|bk}x }f hoaim|bk j|b hoffxake j effmkjgb cf| }obg) |jaxake }obg ~|f~b|iq jkm }bjhoake }obg }ob ofiq Zr|jk /Kjo` fi'

Ljijeojo) Uaxmfg 811!8< jkm }f r|eb }obg }f ibj|k xhabkhb jkm }bhokfifeq+ /Dfkp fi'

Jgji) Sfirgb :3!88 Agjg Xjmbeo /^lro! xjqx gbjkuoaib) }oj} lbcf|b ~b|sb|xb ~bf~ib

|bjho qfr| hoaim|bk) }bjho }obg |biaeafrx x}j}bgbk}x jkm dkfuibmeb /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b)

Hoj~}b| ?=!8=+

Xfgb x}j}bgbk}x bkhfr|jeb ~j|bk}x }f }bjho }oba| hoaim|bk x~f|}x+ ]ob ^|f~ob} /^lro!

ojx xjam0 }bjho qfr| hoaim|bk ofu }f xuag jkm xoff} j||fux+ /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b Hoj~}b|

?8!82 Gjkq x}j}bgbk}x xjq }oj} ~j|bk}x kbbm }f ~ahd j effm ~|fcbxxafk cf| }oba| hoaim|bk

jkm jsfam `flx }oj} ibjsb j kbej}asb ag~jh} fk }oba| ~b|xfkjia}q+ /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b) Hoj~b|

Axijg r|ebx }ob cja}ocri }f xofu jccbh}afk }f f|~ojkx+ A} xjqx }oj} uobk jk f|~ojk h|abx)

}ob Ji}j| fc Efm xojdbx jkm }ob fkb uof ~jhacabx }ob hoaim bj|kx oagxbic&ob|xbic j ~ijhb

ak ~j|jmaxb+ /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b) Hoj~}b| :8!=:

:


19/49

:8

JHHFRK]JLAIA]Q CF\ ^J\BK]X JKM HJ\B\X AK AXIJGAxijg r|ebx jmri}x }f bkhfr|jeb hoaim|bk }f ~ijq jkm j} }agbx eb} aksfisbm ak }oba| ~ijq+

Gjkq x}j}bgbk}x lq |biaeafrx ibjmb|x ojsb r|ebm }ob cja}ocri }f jiifu hoaim|bk }f ~ijq cf|

xbsbk qbj|x+ /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b) Hoj~}b| ?8!=< ]ob ^|f~ob} /^lro! ojx xjam }oj} }ofxb iffd'

ake jc}b| hoaim|bk xofrim }|bj} }obg iadb hoaim|bk+ /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b) Hoj~}b| 1>!=8

Uobk mbjiake ua}o hoaim|bk) x~bjd }oba| ijkerjeb+

Agjg Jia /^lro! xjam0 ,Ak mbjiake ua}o xgjii hoaim|bk) jmri}x xofrim lbojsb ak j hoaimiadb

gjkkb|+, /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b) Jkbhmf}b :!==

]ofxb uof j|b iffdake jc}b| hoaim|bk xofrim lbojsb ua}o hoaimiadb bha}bgbk}+

]ob ^|f~ob} /^lro! jkm Agjg Jia /^lro! jmf~}bm j xagaij| j}}a}rmb ak mbjiake ua}o hoai'

m|bk+ A} ax xjam }oj} }ob ^|f~ob} ujx fkhb fk jii cfr|x jkm ojm Ojxxjk) }ob xbhfkm Xoaa}b

agjg) jkm Orxxbak fk oax ljhd /^lr}!+ ]ob ^|f~ob} ax xjam }f ojsb }fim }obg) ,A} ax e|bj}

}f hj||q qfr j|frkm fk gq ljhd+, /Gfx}jm|jd fi'Sjxjbi) Hoj~}b| 33!=2

Jkf}ob| x}f|q ojx a} }oj} ak oax hoaimoffm Orxxbak) }ob }oa|m Xoaa}b agjg /^lro! ujx ~ijq'

ake ua}o oax c|abkmx+ ]ob ^|f~ob} /^lro! j~~|fjhobm oag jkm f~bkbm oax j|gx }f

bgl|jhb oag) lr} ob lbejk }f |rk jujq+ ]ob ^|f~ob} /^lro! }obk xjam jgrxake }oakex

~|fg~}ake Orxxbak }f ijreo+ Bsbk}rjiiq }ob ^|f~ob} /^lro! hjreo} r~ ua}o oag jkm~ijhbm fkb ojkm rkmb| oax hoak /}f }ai} oax cjhb r~uj|mx! jkm daxxbm oag+ /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b)

Jkbhmf}b :!=3

Xfgb lffdx lq Xrkka xhofij|x xjq Oax Bgakbkhb Agjg Jia /^lro! ufrim }fxx Ojxxjk

jkm Orxxbak ak }ob ja| uobk }obq ub|b xgjii xjqake) ,Horllq) Horllq4 Ebb r~ xgjii'

bqbm Horllq*, ]obk }obq ufrim ef r~ jkm ~r} }oba| cbb} fk oax hobx}+ /Jikjojqb} ca Eoj|al

ji'ojma}o!=5

MAXH\AGAKJ]AFK JEJAKX] HOAIM\BKAxijg r|ebx }ob cja}ocri kf} }f maxh|agakj}b jejakx} hoaim|bk uobk a} hfgbx }f hfg~jx'

xafk jkm jccbh}afk+ Ji}ofreo j ~j|bk}%x x}|fkeb| ifsb cf| fkb hoaim) bx~bhajiiq }ob

qfrkebx}) gjq lb fr} fc oax&ob| hfk}|fi) ~j|bk}x kbbm }f jsfam jkq}oake }oj} xreebx}x xf

ak }ob ~|bxbkhb fc f}ob| hoaim|bk fc }ob cjgaiq+ ]ob ^|f~ob} /^lro! fkhb xju j gjk uof

daxxbm fkb fc oax }uf hoaim|bk lr} mam kf} daxx }ob f}ob|+ ,Uoq mfk%} qfr flxb|sb `rx'

}ahb6, ob jxdbm+ /Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b) Hoj~}b| 1:!=?

J gjk hjiibm Ljxoa| lak Xj%m ubk} }f ^|f~ob} Grojggjm /^lro! jifke ua}o fkb fc oax hoai'

m|bk jkm xjam0 ,A ojsb easbk xfgb}oake }f gq hoaim+ A ujk} qfr }f xb|sb jx j ua}kbxx }f }oax

eac}+, ]ob ^|f~ob} /^lro! jxdx0 ,Mf qfr ojsb jkq f}ob| hoaim|bk6, ,Qbx+, }ob gjk xjam+ ,Ojsb


20/49

qfr easbk }obg jkq}oake xagaij| }f }oax6, }ob ^|f~ob} /^lro! jxdx+ Ob xjam kf+ ]ob ^|f~ob}

/^lro! }obk |b~iabm0 ,A ufk%} lb j ua}kbxx }f uoj} qfr ujk} }f mf+, /Dfkp ji'Jgji!=1

Jkf}ob| sb|xafk fc }ob xjgb x}f|q zrf}bx }ob ^|f~ob} /^lro! xjqake0 ,Lb ~afrx jkm mfkf} maxh|agakj}b jejakx} qfr| hoaim|bk+ A uaii kf} lb j ua}kbxx }f uoj} ax ljxbm fk ak`rx'

}ahb+, /Dfkp ji'Jgji!2>

Axijg jixf r|ebx }ob cja}ocri kf} }f maxh|agakj}b jejakx} ea|ix+ Agjg Xjmbeo /^lro! xjqx4

Ea|ix j|b j effm mbbm jkm lfqx j|b j libxxake fccb|bm lq Efm+ Fk }ob Mjq fc

@rmebgbk} ~bf~ib j|b |buj|mbm cf| }oba| effm mbbmx jkm obim jhhfrk}jlib cf| }ob

libxxakex+ /Sjxjbi ji Xoaa}b) Hoj~}b| 1:!2:

Lbcf|b }ob mjuk fc Axijg) J|jl }|albx sabubm ojsake j ljlq ea|i jx j xfr|hb fc xojgb+

Jkq}agb jk J|jl ujx }fim }oj} oax uacb ojm easbk la|}o }f j ljlq ea|i) ob ufrim lirxo+Axijg mbji} ua}o }oax j}}a}rmb xb|afrxiq jkm }|abm }f biagakj}b a} ak }ob |jkdx fc Grxiagx+

]ob|b j|b gjkq x}j}bgbk}x fk }ob kbhbxxa}q fc }|bj}ake ea|ix ua}o jccbh}afk+ Ob|b j|b

xfgb x}j}bgbk}x lq Axijgah ibjmb|x fk }ob axxrb0

^|f~ob} Grojggjm /^lro!0

Ea|ix j|b kahb+ ]obq j|b jccbh}afkj}b) hfk}|alr}ake) }bkmb|'obj|}bm) hibjk) jkm libxxbm+

/Sjxjbi fi'Xoaa}b) Hoj~}b| =!2>> iasb la|}ox ak :1?1+ Baeo} qbj|x

ij}b| }ob caer|b cbii }f >>) uoaho ax j }|bgbkmfrx ag~|fsbgbk}+

]ob ofiq Zr|jk jkm x}j}bgbk}x lq }ob akcjiialib ofrxbofim fc ^|f~ob} Grojggjm /^lro!)

uoaho j|b }ob gfx} ag~f|}jk} xfr|hb fc Axijgah eramjkhb) rxb maccb|bk} gb}ofmx) ma|bh}

jkm akma|bh}) }f ~|fgf}b bmrhj}afk+ Axijg ojx |b~bj}bmiq x}|bxxbm }ob kbhbxxa}q fc |bx~bh}

cf| }ob maeka}q fc orgjkx) akhirmake hoaim|bk+ ]o|freo oax hfkmrh}) }ob ^|f~ob} fc Axijg

/^lro! ojx xofuk }ob kbbm }f |bx~bh} }ob |aeo}x fc hoaim|bk) akhirmake }ob |bx~fkxalaia}q fc

~j|bk}x }f hoaim|bk+ Lraimake hifxb| |bij}afkx) rxake bkhfr|jebgbk}) kf} bjeeb|j}ake ua}o

jccbh}afk) lbake hfg~jxxafkj}b) kf} lbake }ff oj|xo) jmgakax}b|ake `rx}ahb jkm bzrjia}q jkm

bkejeake ua}o hoaim|bk j|b jgfke Axijgah ~|bxh|a~}afkx cf| }ob }|bj}gbk} fc hoaim|bk+

JHHFRK]JLAIA]Q CF\ HOAIM JLRXB]ob Hoaim jkm Jmfibxhbk} Xr~~f|} Iju |bzra|bx jii akmasamrjix jx ubii jx akx}a}r}afkx jkmhbk}|bx uoaho iffd jc}b| f| xb|sb jx erj|majkx fc hoaim|bk) fkb ujq f| jkf}ob|) }f |b~f|}

jkq hjxb fc hoaim jlrxb }f hfg~b}bk} `rmahaji fccahajix cf| ~|fxbhr}afk+ Jkm ak dbb~ake

ua}o ibeaxij}afk ~jxxbm lq }ob Axijgah Hfkxri}j}asb Jxxbgliq) }ob `rmahaj|q ax |bzra|bm }f

mbji xb|afrxiq ua}o hjxbx fc hoaim jlrxb+

^|fgf}afk fc xfhaji hri}r|b ax }ob gfx} ag~f|}jk} cjh}f| ak ~|bsbk}afk fc hoaim jlrxb+

Ofubsb|) uobk hoaim jlrxb ax hfgga}}bm jkm orgjk cbbiakex j|b or|}) xb|afrx ibeji

jh}afk ax |bzra|bm+ Axijg fccb|x mb}jaibm |ribx jkm |berij}afkx cf| cjgaiabx) jx ubii jx hoaim

hbk}|bx jkm akx}a}r}afkx ak f|mb| }f ~|f}bh} }ob |aeo}x fc }ob hoaim+


29/49


30/49

]f b|| ax orgjk+ Hoaim|bk gjdb gax}jdbx gf|b jx j |bxri} fc akxrccahabk} ak}biibh}rji

mbsbif~gbk}) ijhd fc b~b|abkhb jkm iaga}bm dkfuibmeb+ Lq cf|lammake ~rkaxogbk}) ~j|'}ahrij|iq hf|~f|ji ~rkaxogbk}) Axijg hifxbx }ob mff| }f jk akcb|af|a}q hfg~ib+ Agjg Jia

/^lro! x}j}bm0

Mf kf} lbj} qfr| hoaim|bk+ ]f hf||bh} }obg) x~bjd }f }obg cf| j uoaib) lr} gjdb xr|b

}oj} a} mfbx kf} ijx} ifke+ /Lboj| fi'Jksj|) Sfirgb


31/49


32/49

AK ]OB KJGB FC EFM

MBCAKA]AFKX FC HOAIM JLRXB]ob Uf|im Obji}o F|ejkapj}afk mbcakbx hoaim jlrxb jx0

Hoaim jlrxb f| gji}|bj}gbk} hfkx}a}r}bx jii cf|gx fc ~oqxahji jkm&f| bgf}afkji aii

}|bj}gbk}) xbrji jlrxb) kbeibh} f| kbeiaebk} }|bj}gbk} f| hfggb|haji f| f}ob|

b~ifa}j}afk) |bxri}ake ak jh}rji f| ~f}bk}aji oj|g }f }ob hoaim%x obji}o) xr|sasji)

mbsbif~gbk} f| maeka}q ak }ob hfk}b} fc j |bij}afkxoa~ fc |bx~fkxalaia}q) }|rx} f|

~fub|+ /UOF) :111!+

Ofubsb| b~b|}x sabu jkq ~oqxahji f| gbk}ji mjgjeb) xbrji jlrxb) b~ifa}j}afk jkm f|

cjair|b }f gbb} }ob ljxah kbbmx fc akmasamrjix rkmb| :? jx hoaim jlrxb+ Ji}ofreo }oax mbc'

aka}afk ax gbjk} }f akhirmb jii jx~bh}x fc hoaim jlrxb) }ob hfkhb~}x akhirmbm ak }ob mbcaka'}afk gaeo} masamb }ob b~b|}x+

Ak cjh} maccb|bk} mbcaka}afkx fc jlrxb jkm safibkhb ojsb lbbk ~r} cf|}o mb~bkmake fk }ob

j~~iahj}afk jkm }ob hfk}b} }obq j|b iffdbm j}+ Cf| akx}jkhb) }ob Jgb|ahjk ^xqhofifeahji

Jxxfhaj}afk%x cfr|}o majekfx}ah jkm X}j}ax}ahji Gjkrji fc Gbk}ji Maxf|mb|x /:11=! akhirm'

bm j hoj~}b| bk}a}ibm ,F}ob| hfkma}afkx uoaho gjq kbbm hiakahji j}}bk}afk,+ ]oj} hoj~}b|

mbcakbm ~oqxahji) xbrji jkm bgf}afkji jlrxb jx ubii jx cjair|b }f ~jq j}}bk}afk }f hoai'

m|bk jx hoaim jlrxb+ /Gjmjka%x lffd >=) ~jeb !+

Hoaim jlrxb hfsb|x j uamb |jkeb fc oj|gcri lbojsafr|x akhirmake cjair|b }f gbb} }ob ljxah

kbbmx fc hoaim|bk) cjair|b }f ~|fsamb obji}ohj|b) ijhd fc e|fu}o) hf|~f|ji ~rkaxogbk} jkm

gax}|bj}gbk}) xbrji b~ifa}j}afk) bgf}afkji gax}|bj}gbk} jkm gbk}ji jlrxb+

]Q^BX FC HOAIM JLRXB

^oqxahji jlrxb fc hoaim|bk |bcb|x }f jkq ~oqxahji j}}jhd }oj} gjq |bxri} ak ~jak) hr}x jkm

l|raxbx) l|fdbk lfkbx) f}ob| ak`r|abx jkm bsbk mbj}o+

Uoa~~ake) }qake r~) oa}}ake j hoaim jejakx} }ob ujii) lr|kake }oba| xdak ua}o xhjimake of}uj}b| f| f}ob| of} iazramx jkm xojdake }obg safibk}iq j|b sj|afrx cf|gx fc ~oqxahji

jlrxb+

@rx} iadb hoaim jlrxb a}xbic) }ob|b ax kf hfkxbkxrx jlfr} }ob mbcaka}afk fc ~oqxahji

hoaim jlrxb+ Ak cjh}) mbcaka}afkx fc ~oqxahji hoaim jlrxb j|b gfx}iq jccbh}bm lq cjh'

}f|x xrho jx0

J+ Ibeji |berij}afkx efsb|kake hoaim jlrxb

L+ Hri}r|ji sjirbx bx~bhajiiq uobk a} hfgbx }f hoaim|bk%x r~l|akeake jkm

~rkaxogbk} jx ubii jx lafifeahji }jibk}x+ /Gjmjka) >=) ^


33/49

:) hoaim jlrxb hjxbx ojsb hfggfk cjh}f|x }oj} cjii ak}f

}o|bb gj`f| hj}bef|abx0 gbk}ji) cjgaiaji jkm hri}r|ji+

Ji}ofreo xbsb|ji hoaim|bk fc j cjgaiq gjq lb xrl`bh} }f jlrxb) a} ax rxrjiiq fkb hoaim uof

ax ~j|}ahrij|iq jccbh}bm+ ]ob|b j|b gjkq cjgaiabx ak uoaho fkiq fkb hoaim ax gax}|bj}bm jkm

oax&ob| xaliakex j|b gf|b f| ibxx xr~~f|}bm jkm ~|f}bh}bm+ A} xbbgx }oj} hb|}jak ~xqhof'

ifeahji cbj}r|bx fc }ob jlrxbm hoaim akh|bjxb }ob iadbiaoffm fc jlrxb+


34/49

X}rmabx xreebx} }o|bb e|fr~x fc hoaim|bk j|b xrl`bh}bm }f jlrxb gf|b }ojk f}ob|x0

,|b}j|mbm hoaim|bk) maccahri} hoaim|bk jkm fr}hjx} hoaim|bk+, /Gjmjka) >=) +?5!

Hoaim|bk uof) mrb }f flsafrx ~oqxahji f| gbk}ji ~|flibgx) kbbm x~bhaji hj|b

c|fg }ob }agb }obq j|b lf|k j|b ak }oax hj}bef|q+ Mrb }f }oba| x~bhaji kbbmx)

}obxb hoaim|bk j|b gf|b iadbiq }f lb jlrxbm+ ]oba| obji}o ~|flibgx gjq akhirmb

~|bgj}r|b la|}o) sb|q ifu la|}o ubaeo}) hfkebka}ji jlkf|gjia}abx) bgf}afkji max'

f|mb|x) x~bbho max}r|ljkhb) mbijqbm e|fu}o) saxrji jkm obj|ake ag~ja|gbk})

hb|bl|ji ~jixq f| ho|fkah maxbjxb+

Maccahri} hoaim|bk j|b ~oqxahjiiq obji}oq lr} j|b oj|m }f mbji ua}o ak hb|}jak ha|hrg'x}jkhbx xf }oj} }oba| ~j|bk}x cakm }obg maccahri} }f gjkjeb }o|freo kf|gji gb}o'

fmx+ Aii'}bg~b|bmkbxx) oq~b|jh}asa}q) rkhfk}|fiijlib lfubix) akj~~|f~|aj}b bj}ake

ojla}x) mbsbif~gbk} fc |bhr||bk} aiikbxxbx) xrxhb~}alaia}q }f flmr|jhq) jkm j}

}agbx rkxaeo}iq ~oqxazrb j|b jgfke }ob cbj}r|bx fc }obxb hoaim|bk uoaho

akh|bjxb }ob iadbiaoffm fc hoaim jlrxb+

Xf cj| jx oq~b|jh}asb hoaim|bk j|b hfkhb|kbm) ~j|bk}x }oakd maxha~iakj|q jh}afk ax

kbbmbm }f dbb~ }oba| jlkf|gji lbojsafr| rkmb| hfk}|fi+ /@jiaia) :112!

Hoaim|bk lf|k fr}'fc'ubmifhd jkm rk~ijkkbm ~|bekjkhabx jx ubii jx jmf~}bm hoai'

m|bk j|b ak }oax hj}bef|q+ Xfgb}agbx }ob b~bh}j}afkx fc }ob ~j|bk}x j|b kf} cri'

caiibm) cf| akx}jkhb ac j ljlq ea|i ax lf|k }f j cjgaiq uof ujk}x j lfq+ Jx j |bxri})

}ob ~j|bk}x% gjq b~b|abkhb maccahri}q ak lfkmake }f }ob ljlq) xfgb}oake }oj}

gjq ~jsb }ob ujq cf| hoaim jlrxb+

Cjgaiabx ~ijq jk ag~f|}jk} |fib ak }ob bgb|ebkhb fc hoaim jlrxb+ Gfx} jlrxbx ua}oak

cjgaiabx) j|b hfgga}}bm lq ~j|bk}x+ ]oj} ax uoq x}rmqake cjgaiq'|bij}bm cjh}f|x ax ag~f|'

}jk} ak ~ak~fak}ake }ob rkmb|iqake hjrxbx fc jlrxb+ ]ob gfx} ag~f|}jk} xrho cjh}f|x j|b0' jlxbkhb fc ~j|bk}ake xdaiix

' }ob fhhr~j}afk fc ~j|bk}x

' }ob bmrhj}afk fc ~j|bk}x

' ~|af| hfksah}afkx f| h|agakji |bhf|m ua}oak j cjgaiq

' max}r|lbm |bij}afkxoa~x f| hfkciah} ak cjgaiabx

' jmmah}afk ak cjgaiabx

' gbk}ji f| ~oqxahji maxf|mb|x ak cjgaiabx

' masf|hb) bx}|jkebm jkm xakeib ~j|bk} cjgaiabx

' xfhaji axfij}afk fc cjgaiabx

' krglb| fc ~bf~ib ak cjgaiabx


35/49

!+ Xf `rx}ahb xofrim ~|bsjai ak

uf|mx jkm `rmebgbk}) ak cjgaiq) ak bhfkfgq jkm xf fk+

Xrl`bh}ake f}ob|x }f ak`rx}ahb jkm jlrxb x}bgx c|fg ~ff| bmrhj}afk jkm ax rxrjiiq ljxbm

fk hfkhb~}x xrho jx aekf|jkhb) cbj|) kbbm) mbcahabkhq) jkm gbjkkbxx fc akmasamrjix+ ]ob

ofiq Zr|jk hfkmbgkx f~~|bxxafk) ak`rx}ahb jkm jlrxb) xf bsb|q gbjkx xofrim lb rxbm

}f ~|bsbk} }obg+

]ob ofiq lffd xjqx0 ,Jkm Efm gbjkx kf ak`rx}ahb }f jkq fc Oax h|bj}r|bx+, /Ji'a'Ag|jk

Hoj~}b|) Sb|xb :>?!+ Jhhf|make }f kflib Axijgah ~|akha~ibx) }ofxb uof safij}b }ob |aeo}x

fc f}ob|x jx cj| jx }oba| gfkbq) iacb) ofkfr| jkm ~|f~b|}q j|b hfkhb|kbm j|b h|agakjix jkm

masakb |b}|alr}afk juja}x }obg+

Sb|aiq c|fg }ofxb uof }|jkxe|bxx ub xojii bjh} |b}|alr}afk+ /Ji'Xj`mj Hoj~}b|)

Sb|xb Axijg f|mb|x }ob cja}ocri |b}jiaj}b ak }ob cjhb fc f~~|bxxafk) jee|bxxafk jkm ak`rx}ahb0

Ac }obk jkqfkb }|jkxe|bxxbx }ob ~|foala}afk jejakx} qfr) }|jkxe|bxx qb iadbuaxb

jejakx} oag+ Lr} cbj| Efm jkm dkfu }oj} Efm ax ua}o }ofxb uof |bx}|jak }obg'xbisbx+ /Ljzj|j Hoj~}b|) Sb|xb :1=!

Ak gjkq x}f|abx jkm }|jma}afkx j}}|alr}bm }f ~|fgakbk} Axijgah caer|bx) }ob|b j|b uj|kakex

jejakx} }f|}r|b jkm jlrxb jkm fc }ob masakb |b}|alr}afk }oj} juja}x }ob ~b|~b}|j}f|x+ Agjg

Xjmbz) }ob xa}o Xoaa}b agjg) /^lro! x}j}bx0

Ac xfgbfkb uoa~x jkf}ob| ~b|xfk) Efm uaii cife }obg ua}o j ca|b uoa~+ /Of|

Jgbia) Sfirgb :1) ^jeb :


36/49

HOAIM JLRXB C\FG ]OB ^B\X^BH]ASB FC ]OB ZR\JKKf gf}ob| xojii lb }|bj}bm rkcja|iq fk jhhfrk} fc ob| hoaim+ Kf| cj}ob| fk jhhfrk}

fc oax hoaim+ /Ljzj|j Hoj~}b|) Sb|xb


37/49

8:

ambk}acabx bmrhj}afk /bmacahj}afk! fc ~bf~ib jx }ob gfx} ag~f|}jk} |bx~fkxalaia}q fc

^|f~ob}x /^lr}!+ ]ob Ofiq Lffd xjqx0

A} ax ob uof ojx |jaxbm jgfke }ob rkib}}b|bm) j gbxxbkeb| c|fg }obgxbisbx) }f|bha}b }f }obg oax sb|xbx) }f ~r|acq }obg) jkm }f }bjho }obg }ob lffd jkm }ob

uaxmfg+ /@rgr%j Hoj~}b|) Sb|xb

Jkm }ob bji}bm ^|f~ob} fc Axijg) /^lro!) mbxh|albx cricaigbk} fc gf|ji ebkb|fxa}q jx oax

gfx} ag~f|}jk} mr}q+ /Eofga%x lffd) :112) ^jeb =:>!

Ua}ofr} j mfrl}) gf|jia}q ax gbjk} }f |bxri} ak e|fu}o jkm mbsbif~gbk} fc jii gbglb|x

fc jk Axijgah xfhab}q+

Ak J|jlah) Pjda) uoaho gbjkx e|fu}o jkm mbsbif~gbk}) ax }ob |ff} fc ]jpdaqbo+ Ofubsb|}ob ij}}b| ax uambiq rxbm }f gbjk ~r|acahj}afk jkm |bcakbgbk}+ ]oj} ax gjakiq lbhjrxb

|bcakbgbk} ibjmx }f x~a|a}rji e|fu}o jkm mbsbif~gbk} ak orgjkx+

Jixf ak J|jlah) \jlj) uoaho gbjkx e|fu}o) ax }ob |ff} fc ]j|laqj} /bmrhj}afk!+ /]ob J|jlah

uf|m \blj) uoaho ax uambiq rxbm ak bhfkfgahx jkm gbjkx aiibeji ak}b|bx}) xoj|bx }ob

xjgb |ff}+ A} ax rxbm }f mbxh|alb j }|jkxjh}afk }oj} ~|fmrhbx jk aiibeji akh|bjxb fc fkb%x

ubji}o+ Xf ]jpdaqbo /~r|acahj}afk! jkm ]j|laqj} /bmrhj}afk! j|b hifxb ak gbjkake+ ]ob ofiq

Zr|jk gfx}iq rxbx ]jpdaqbo /~r|acahj}afk!) uoaho |bcb|x }f x~a|a}rji bmrhj}afk+21 ]j|laqj}

/bmrhj}afk! ax rxbm ak lf}o j ~oqxahji jkm x~a|a}rji xbkxb+3>

Uobk a} hfgbx }f hoaim bmrhj}afk }ob ofiq lffd }biix }ob x}f|q fc Irzgjk 3: /Irzgjk

Hoj~}b|) Sb|xb :8!) jkm xjqx }oj} }ob xjeb fccb|bm oax hoaim j ~abhb fc jmsahb+ Ji}ofreo a}

j~~bj|x ak }ob cf|g fc j x}f|q) }ob ofiq Zr|jk ax rxake }ob uf|mx fc Irzgjk }f hfksbq

j gbxxjeb }oj} }ob r~l|akeake fc hoaim|bk ax j sb|q xaekacahjk} jx~bh} fc }ob ofiq lffd+

Bixbuob|b a} r|ebx }ob cja}ocri }f xjcberj|m }oba| cjgaiabx+ /]jo|ag Hoj~}b|) Sb|xb 3!3!+ Jc}b|uj|mx) ob hfg~ib}bm j ^oM ak Iju j} Lbiearg%x Hj}ofiah Rkasb|xa}q

fc Ifrsjak'ij'Kbrsb ak :113+

Ob ax }ob ^|fcbxxf| fc @r|ax~|rmbkhb jkm Iju j} Xojoam Lbobxo}a Rkasb|xa}q ak ]bo|jk)

ua}o jmma}afkji jhjmbgah |bx~fkxalaia}abx ak f}ob| Rkasb|xa}abx ak A|jk) akhirmake }ob A|jkajk

Akx}a}r}b fc ^oaifxf~oq) Gfcam Rkasb|xa}q ak Zrg jkm Zrg Xbgakj|q+

]ob Jqj}riijo) jgfkex} f}ob| ~fx}x) ojx lbbk j @rmeb fc }ob ::}o @rmahaji \jkd xakhb

:1?>4 }ob Objm fc }ob Hfggaxxafk fc Hfg~aiake @rmahaji Jh}x xakhb :1?4 Objm fc }ob Mb~j|}gbk} fc Iju j} ]j|laj}

Gfmj||bx Rkasb|xa}q) ]bo|jk xakhb :1?3+

]ob Jqj}fiijo ojx j max}akeraxobm jhjmbgah hj|bb|+ Ob ojx ~rliaxobm gjkq lffdx jkm

j|}ahibx ak ^b|xajk jkm Bkeiaxo jkm ojx easbk ibh}r|bx fk uamb'|jkeake xrl`bh}x j} kj}afk'

ji jkm ak}b|kj}afkji hfkcb|bkhbx cf| qbj|x+


44/49

AK ]OB KJGB FC EFM

AXIJGAH ERAMJKHB FK HOAIM JLRXBAxijgah ijux ~ijhb jk fr}|aeo} ljk fk jlrxb) uoaho hfrim lb ~oqxahji /xrl`bh}ake xfgb'

fkb }f jxxjri} jkm lj}}b|q! f| gf|ji /akxri}ake xfgbfkb jkm mjgjeake }oba| |b~r}j}afk!+

Jkq gbjxr|b }oj} |rkx hfrk}b| }f ~|akha~ibx fc orgjk maeka}q ax rkjhhb~}jlib jkm hoaim

jlrxb ax j `j||ake bjg~ib fc xrho gbjxr|bx+

Xakhb hoaim|bk mf kf} ojsb }ob ~fub| }f mbcbkm }obgxbisbx) xrl`bh}ake }obg }f jlrxb

ax j lae xak+ Sb|xbx c|fg }ob Ofiq Zr|jk jkm x}j}bgbk}x j}}|alr}bm }f }ob ofrxbofim fc

^|f~ob} Grojggjm /^lro! b~iaha}iq akmahj}b }oj} hoaim jlrxb ax cf|lammbk+

Fk jmsahb jkm eramjkhb0 }ob ofiq Zr|jk zrf}bx Irzgjk jx xjqake }ob cfiifuake }f oax xfk0F gq xfk* @fak kf} ak uf|xoa~ /f}ob|x! ua}o Efm4 cf| cjixb uf|xoa~ ax akmbbm }ob

oaeobx} u|fke'mfake+ /Irzgjk Hoj~}b|) Sb|xb :8!

Effm uaxobx cf| hoaim|bk0 Cr|zjk) j Zr|jkah hoj~}b| xjqx0

Fr| If|m* E|jk} rk}f rx uasbx jkm fccx~|ake uof uaii lb }ob hfgcf|} fc fr| bqbx)

jkm easb rx /}ob e|jhb! }f ibjm }ob |aeo}bfrx+ /Cr|zjk Hoj~}b|) Sb|xb 5=!

Jkm fk bmrhj}afk0 dbb~ake hoaim|bk jujq c|fg hf||r~} ~ijhbx jkm xb}}iake }obg ak

obji}oq bksa|fkgbk}x /Kaxjj Hoj~}b|) Sb|xb 15! |bzra|bx }ofxb uof j|b ak jk rkobji}oq

bksa|fkgbk} }f ibjsb }oj} bksa|fkgbk}0

Ujx kf} }ob bj|}o fc Efm x~jhafrx bkfreo cf| qfr }f gfsb qfr|xbisbx jujq

/c|fg bsai!6

]ob ~|akha~ib fc ~|fgf}ake sa|}rb jkm ~|bsbk}ake sahb |bzra|bx Grxiagx }f ca|x}iq xbbd

jmsahb }f ~|bsbk} xrho jlrxb+ Ac jmsahb mfbx kf} uf|d) }obq xofrim }|q ibeji hojkkbix+

Ji}ofreo bsb|qfkb ojx j mr}q }f ~|bsbk} hoaim jlrxb) kf} bsb|qfkb ojx }ob xjgb ibsbi fc

|bx~fkxalaia}q+ Xoj|a%j Iju |bzra|bx bsb|qfkb }f ~|f}bh} }ob iasbx fc f}ob|x) }ofreo }ob

|bx~fkxalaia}q fc x}j}bxgbk jkm bbhr}asb fccahajix cjiix ua}oak }ob c|jgbuf|d fc ~rliah iju+

]OB ]\BJ]GBK] FC HOAIM\BK]ob ofrxbofim fc }ob ^|f~ob} /^lr}! ufrim kbsb| rxb hf|~f|ji ~rkaxogbk}+ ]obq ufrim

rxb }ob gb}ofmx fr}iakbm jlfsb }f maxha~iakb hoaim|bk+ Akmbbm uobk ~bjhbcri gb}ofmx

j|b j~~iahjlib) safibk} gb}ofmx j|b |biaeafrxiq cf|lammbk+

Ac safibk} gb}ofmx j|b }ob fkiq f~}afk }f hf||bh} hoaim|bk) }obq xofrim kf} hjrxb jkq

~oqxahji oj|g }f }obg+ Ac hf|~f|ji ~rkaxogbk} j} }ob ojkmx fc ~j|bk}x |bxri}x ak l|raxake

f| jkq f}ob| gj|d) ~j|bk}x ojsb jh}rjiiq hfgga}}bm j xak jkm xofrim ~jq liffm gfkbq

cf| uoj} }obq ojsb mfkb+

8?


45/49

81

JQJ]RIIJO XBQBM GFOJGGJM OJXXJK GJ\JXOA XOFRXO]J\A

LAFE\J^OQJqj}riijo Xbqbm Gfojggjm Ojxxjk Gj|jxoa Xofrxo}j|a ujx lf|k ak Xofrxo}j|)

Dorpbx}jk ~|fsakhb ak :185+ Ob hfg~ib}bm ~|agj|q xhoffi ak oax la|}o~ijhb lbcf|b }jdake

hfr|xbx fk xqk}j jkm xbgjk}ahx fc }ob J|jlah ijkerjeb jgfke f}ob|x j} }ob xbgakj|q+

Uoaix} }bjhoake bibgbk}j|q jkm jmsjkhbm hfr|xbx) ob lbejk `r|ax~|rmbkhb hfr|xbx j}

}ob xbgakj|q jkm jc}b| }ob Axijgah \bsfir}afk4 ob ujx aksa}bm lq }ob Xr~|bgb @rmahaji

Hfrkhai }f hff~b|j}b ua}o }ob `rmahaj|q+

Ob lbejk oax `rmahaji hj|bb| ak Josjp lbcf|b }jdake r~ ~fxa}afkx fk }ob Xr~|bgb Hfr|}

jkm }ob Xr~|bgb @rmahaji Hfrkhai+ Ob ojx hfk}akrbm ua}o oax }bjhoake hj|bb|) jkm ojx

ibh}r|bm j} xbsb|ji rkasb|xa}abx jkm xbgakj|q xhoffix ak }ob hfrk}|q+

Ob ejakbm j xbj} fk }ob Jxxbgliq fc B~b|}x ak >3 jkm xb|sbx jx jk jxxax}jk} ~|fcbx'

xf| j} Gj|}q| Gf}joj|a Xhoffi+


46/49

AK ]OB KJGB FC EFM

HOAIM JLRXB C\FG JK AXIJGAH ^B\X^BH]ASBC|fg jk Axijgah ~b|x~bh}asb) hoaim jlrxb ax lf}o |biaeafrxiq jkm gf|jiiq cf|lammbk+ ]oj}

gbjkx }oj} ~oqxahji) xbrji jkm gbk}ji jlrxb jx ubii jx mbe|jmj}afk fc hoaim|bk j} }ob

ojkmx fc ~j|bk}x uof j|b |bx~fkxalib cf| }oba| r~l|akeake ax cf|lammbk+

]o|freofr} maccb|bk} x}jebx fc j hoaim%x iacb) ~j|bk}x xofrim bkxr|b oax&ob| ~oqxahji jkm

gbk}ji obji}o jkm ~jq ~j|jiibi j}}bk}afk }f lf}o+ Hoaim jlrxb jgfrk}x }f j h|agb cf|

uoaho ~rkaxogbk} ax gb}bm fr} rkmb| |biaeafrx jkm hfksbk}afkji iju+ Ibeaxij}afk ax kbbm'

bm ak }oax |bej|m }f ~rkaxo }ofxb uof hfgga} hoaim jlrxb+ \biaeafrx ibjmb|x ojsb |b~bj}'

bmiq r|ebm ~j|bk}x }f lb ifsake }fuj|m }oba| hoaim|bk jkm kf} }f jlrxb }obg+

]ofxb hj|ake cf| hoaim|bk) ojsb hb|}jak |bx~fkxalaia}abx xrho jx0

' cjgaiaj|apake hoaim|bk ua}o |biaeafrx lbiabcx)

' bkhfr|jeake }obg }f hfg~iq ua}o |biaeafrx |ribx jkm fliaej}afkx)

' ~|fgf}ake j hri}r|b fc }|r}ocrikbxx)

' |bx~bh}ake hoaim|bk)

' e|bb}ake }obg)

' |bx~fkmake }f }oba| e|bb}akex)

' ~ijqake ua}o }obg)

' gjdake }obg oj~~q)

' mbsbif~ake jk rkmb|x}jkmake fc }oba| ujq fc }oakdake)

' jx ubii jx xqg~j}oapake ua}o ~j|bk}ibxx hoaim|bk+

Ak jmma}afk) Grxiagx xofrim kf} dbb~ xaibk} ak }ob cjhb fc hoaim jlrxb+ Ak iakb ua}o }ob

~|akha~ib fc ^|bsbk}afk fc Sahb) }obq j|b fliaebm }f ~|bsbk} hoaim jlrxb fkb ujq f| jkf}o'

b| bsbk ac ~|bsbk}afk aksfisbx |b~f|}ake }ob jlrxb }f }ob `rx}ahb xqx}bg+

Ak cjh}) gf|b juj|bkbxx |jaxake ax kbbmbm }f ~|bsbk} }ob x~|bjm fc hoaim jlrxb+ Xrho jk

j~~|fjho xofrim jixf ~|fgf}b hfg~jxxafk ak mbjiake ua}o hoaim|bk+

Cf| }ob Grxiag ^|f~ob} /^lro! }|bj}bm hoaim|bk sb|q ubii+ Ak cjh} }ob gbxxbkeb| fc Efm

ujx xf kahb }f hoaim|bk }oj} gjkq hoaim|bk uaxobm }obq ub|b jgfke }ob ^|f~ob}%x hoai'

m|bk /^lro!+ ]oax ax bsambkhbm ak xbsb|ji x}f|abx cfrkm ak }ob }|jma}afkji lffdx+

=>


47/49

J Cj|xa sb|xafk fc }oax lffdib} ax jsjaijlib

j} }ob RKAHBC A|jk fccahb+

^ibjxb bgjai }bo|jkNrkahbc+f|e f|

hjii $1? />!


48/49


49/49

Disciplining Children with Kindness - A Shi'ite Shari'a Perspective (UNICEF)

Documents

Transcript of Disciplining Children with Kindness - A Shi'ite Shari'a Perspective (UNICEF)