Disaster Pre & Post
Transcript of Disaster Pre & Post
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INTRODUCTION TO DAMAGEAND NEEDS ASSESSMENT
METHODOLOGY AND BASICCONCEPTS
Ricardo Zapata Marti
UN ECLAC
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PURPOSES OF DISASTER
VALUATION – Serve as a means to mob!"e e#terna!
$oo%eraton& assstan$e an' !oans
– Be$ome a too! n %o!$( )orm*!aton an' %ost+
'saster reso*r$e a!!o$aton
– Be$ome a too! n !on,+term rs- mt,aton
strate,( settn,
–Determne nee's )or re$onstr*$ton an'mt,aton
– Create .stor$a! re$or'
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INFORMATION NEEDS OF
DISASTER VALUATION• Type:
– Contribution of analysts in all sectors of the econoy! as"ell as social scientists
– #eo$raphically specific inforation – %inal analysis ust ha&e both disa$$re$ated and national
accountin$ &ersions
• 'ources: – E( ante data )pre*e(istin$ conditions! baselines+ – E(*post data )on the basis of nuerous sources and
estiates fro the affected population to econoic! socialand en&ironental effects, Can be both priary and second*hand,+
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DISASTERS/ FRAME0OR1 FOR
VALUATION
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VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY
V*!nerab!t(/ E(posure to ris-s $i&en the e(istin$institutional and socioeconoic situation! anifestedin:
• Mar$inali.ation!
• /nforal housin$ and econoy!
• 0o&erty!
• Conditions in huan settleents and the situation ofproducti&e acti&ities )priary! industrial! tertiary orser&ices+1 their lin-a$e internally and "ith theen&ironent,
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PHASES IN A DISASTER
The disaster cycle:
⇒EMERGENCY ⇒REHABILITATION
⇒RECONSTRUCTION
⇒
PREVENTION AN MITIGATION ⇒ ALERT AN PREPARATION
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THE DISASTER CYCLE ANDTHE DISASTER CYCLE AND
NEEDS ASSESSMENTNEEDS ASSESSMENTEmer,en$(• /n the iediateafterath! priority is
to sa&e li&es
• Assessment
e))orts $an be,n:
affected population!
deaths! "ounded!
issin$! direct
daa$es toproperty and
infrastructure! both
public and pri&ate,
Re.ab!taton• 0riority is to return
acti&ities in the
affected area to
noral,
• Assessment o)'re$t an' n're$t
'ama,es $an be,n!and an appraisal
should be initiated ofsecondary effects,
Re$onstr*$ton• 0riority is to ipleentmt,aton so that pre*
disaster &ulnerability is
not rebuilt,
• E(: constructionpro2ects odify pre*
e(istin$ infrastructure
and en&ironental
conditions that led todaa$e by the disaster ,
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CONNECTING THE CYCLE/ THE
LIN1 BET0EEN NEEDS
ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION
• Mt,aton meas*res re!( on s%e$)$ n)ormaton %rov'e'
b( t.e nee's assessment
• Mt,aton n$!*'es/ – A!!o$atn, reso*r$es to2ar' nstt*tona!& or,an"atona!
an' str*$t*ra! meas*res
– Trann, an' or,an"aton& n$!*'n, at t.e $omm*nt(
!eve!
– Devsn, ear!( 2arnn, s(stems
• O2ners.% o) a$tons s )*n'amenta! to b*!' tr*st
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TIMELINESS AND ACCURACY OF
VALUATION• 30n'o2 o) nee'4 5 30n'o2 o) o%%ort*nt(4
• Tme!( res%onse to nee's
– 3aluation ust ai to reduce disaster ipact and a&oidreconstruction of pree(istin$ &ulnerability
– Assessent ust be done in tie to obili.e necessary internal and4 or e(ternal resources to help
• A$$*ra$(
– 3aluation ust ai to ensure coparability and ethodolo$icalconsistency! and
– To be acceptable by technical standards – 5ud$ent calls! assuptions and indirect calculations are necessary
– The acceptable ar$in of error is 67*689
– 3aluation ust nonetheless be accurate enou$h to attractin&estent and pro2ects
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DISASTER VALUATION
CONCEPTSDre$t 'ama,es• Im%a$t on assets
– /nfrastructure
– Capital
– 'toc-s
• O$$*r mme'ate!('*rn, or a)ter t.e
%.enomenon t.at$a*se' t.e 'saster
In're$t Dama,es• E))e$ts on )!o2s
– 0roduction
– Reduced incoe andincreased e(penses
• Are %er$eve' a)tert.e %.enomenon& )or
a tme+%ero' t.at $an!ast )rom 2ee-s tomont.s& t!!re$*%eraton o$$*rs
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SECTOR b( SECTOR VALUATION
METHODOLOGY• So$a! Se$tors
– ousin$
– ealth
– Education! culture! sports
• In)rastr*$t*re
– Transport and
counications
– Ener$y
– ;ater and se"era$e
• Pro'*$tve se$tors – #oods: a$riculture! industry
– 'er&ices: coerce!
touris! etc,
• G!oba! m%a$t –
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SOCIAL SECTOR
• Each social $roup=s de$ree of &ulnerability to a natural disasteris different! and the se&erity of ne$ati&e ipact of naturaldisasters is as directly related to social ine>ualities anddepri&ations as to the natural ha.ard itself,
• A So$a! Im%a$t Assessment )'/A+ can be crucial in
deterinin$:* "hat iti$ation is necessary
* "hat iti$ation alternati&es e(ist
* "hich iti$ation strate$ies are ost li-ely to "or-
• Accurate assessents of ipacts should pay attention to,en'ere' '))erenta!s and ust be based on sound pre*e(istin$ socio*deo$raphic data
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DYNAMIC GLOBAL EFFECTS
Ma$roe$onom$ e))e$ts/• Re%er$*ssons on t.e natona! or re,ona! e$onom( a)ter
'saster
• T.e '*raton o) re%er$*ssons 'e%en'n, on t.e
$.ara$terst$s an' ma,nt*'e o) 'saster
• T.e e))e$ts are re)!e$te' b(/
– #ross ?oestic 0roduct $ro"th
– 0erforance of the e(ternal sector – E&olution of public finance
– /ncreases of prices and inflation
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DISASTER RIS1 REDUCTION
/nternal policies:
* /nclude &ulnerability reduction as an ob2ecti&e of de&elopent plansalon$side $oals of:
• Copetiti&e $ro"th• E>uitable de&elopent• 'ustainable and sustained de&elopent• 'ocial participation
E(ternal policies:
* /ntroduce ris- ana$eent as part of the re$ional4internationala$enda! alon$side:
• E(ternal copetiti&e insertion• @enefitin$ fro the $lobali.ation process
• /nclusi&e re$ional insertion
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DISASTER RIS1 REDUCTION
Se$tora! $om%onents/• Montorn,& ana!(ss an' $!mate )ore$astn,& n$!*'n, at t.e
!o$a! !eve!
• Contn,en$( %!ans n -e( se$tors& )or e#am%!e/
• A,r$*!t*re& $att!e rasn,&
• R*ra! %overt(&
• Ener,( an' base!nes
• 0ater an' .ea!t.
• Inter$onne$te' s(stems
• Re,*!aton o) bas$ serv$es 2t. s%onsors.% o) %rvateenter%rse
• Fo$*se' %!ans )or v*!nerab!e ,ro*%s& n$!*'n, )orem%!o(ment& )oo' ava!ab!t( an' n*trton
• E'*$aton to re'*$e v*!nerab!t(