Disaster Management in Delhi

DELHI DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITYGovernment of NCT of Delhi

A PREPARED COMMUNITY

IS A SAFE COMMUNITY

GEOLOGICAL SETTING OF DELHI

Delhi, the capital of India bounded by the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains in the North and East, by Thar desert in the West and by Aravalli hill ranges in the South.

The terrain of Delhi is flat in general except for a low NNE-SSW trending ridge which is considered and extension of the Aravalli hills of Rajasthan.

Seismicity around Delhi appears to be associated with a major geological structure, which is known as the Delhi-Hardwar Ridge.

DELHI & SEISMIC ZONING

Delhi located in zone IV which has fairly high seismicity where the general occurrence of earthquakes is of 5-6 magnitude, a few of magnitude 6-7 and occasionally of 7-8 magnitude. Delhi thus lies among the high-risk areas.

In the past, five earthquakes of Richer Magnitude 5.5 to 6.7 are known to have occurred in the UT of Delhi or close to it since 1720 AD.

Two major lineaments namely Delhi-Haridwar ridge and Delhi-Moradabad faults pass through the territory.

Normal depth of 30 km may be assumed for these earthquakes.

DELHI SETTLEMENT PATTERN & EARTHQUAKE VULNERABILITY

Pockets with high rise buildings or ill-designed high-risk areas exist without specific consideration of earthquake resistance.

The Central Business District namely Connaught Place, numerous District Centres and sprouting high rise group housing schemes are high risk areas due to the vertical as well as plan configurations. The walled city area, the trans-Yamuna area, and scattered pockets of unplanned settlements also figures as high risk zones due to their substandard structures and high densities.

The city's settlement pattern needs to be viewed in relation to location and geological characteristics.

DELHI & EARTHQUAKES – A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Mahabharata mentions about earthquakes during the war at Kurukshetra (Circa 3000 BC).

Earthquake of year 893 or 894 which took place not far from Delhi in which many persons died

1720 earthquakes (intensity IX in Delhi)

Earthquake of 22 March 1825 (Intensity VI)

Earthquake of 17 July 1830 (Intensity VIII)

Earthquake of 24 October 1831(Intensity VI)

DELHI & EARTHQUAKES – RECENT HISTORY

Khurja earthquake (M6.7) of 10 October 1956 in which 23 persons werekilled in Bulandshahr

Earthquake (M6.0) of 27 August 1960 near Delhi wherein about 50persons in Delhi were injured

Earthquake near Moradabad on 15 August 1966 that killed 14 persons inDelhi.

Damage to one of the minarets of Delhi's Jama Masjid during the (M4.0)earthquake on 28 July 1994.

1999 Chamoli earthquake (M6.5) took place about 280 km from Delhi.Several buildings in Delhi sustained non-structural damage possibilitydue to peculiar geological and geotechnical features if this area.

IT IS THEREFORE SEEN THAT DELHI IS PRONE TOSEVERE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE BOTH BY NEARBYEARTHQUAKES AND BY LARGE EARTHQUAKESOCCURRING IN THE HIMALAYAS.

DELHI – STRUCTURAL SAFETY BACKGROUNDER

Vital issue of the earthquake safety performance of buildings, ancient monuments & infrastructure in Delhi, the capital city of India.

As per Vulnerability Atlas of India (1997), for shaking intensity VIII, 6.5% houses in Delhi have high damage risk , and 85.5% houses have moderate damage risk.

Most buildings in Delhi may not meet codal requirements on seismic resistance

Disaster prevention involves engineering intervention in buildings and structures to make them strong enough to withstand the impact of natural hazard.

STRUCTURAL SAFETY & BUILDING CODES IN INDIA

Bureau of Indian standards, the National Standard Body of India, is a Statutory Organization under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986. One of the activity is formulation of Indian Standards on different subjects of Engineering through various Division Councils.

Bureau of Indian Standards has laid down the code of practice for design criteria of structures.

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has published the following seismic codes

IS : 1893 (2002) – criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures

IS : 4326 (1993) – earthquake resistant design and construction of buildings

IS : 13827 (1993) – earthquake resistance of earthen buildings

IS : 13828 (1993) – earthquake resistance of low strength masonry buildings

IS : 13920 (1993) – ductile detailing of RCC structures

IS : 13935 (1993) – repair and seismic strengthening of buildings

DELHI EARTHQUAKE SAFTEY INITIATIVE (2002 – 2008)

BACKGROUND – This multi-year project funded by the U.S. Agency for

International Development (USAID) was designed to improve earthquake safety in several major cities in India.

In particular, it addressed the vital issue of the earthquake safety performance of "lifeline buildings" (i.e., important facilities) in Delhi, the capital city of India.

Delhi is located in seismic zone IV, the second highest earthquake hazard zone in India.

Many lifeline buildings could be damaged when earthquakes strike, limiting the government's ability to deliver critical services.

DELHI EARTHQUAKE SAFTEY INITIATIVE (2002 – 2008)

RESPONSE – To improve seismic safety in India by building capacity to

undertake seismic assessment and retrofit projects. An experience-based, hands-on approach, pairing highly

regarded and experienced US practitioners from the private, public, academic, and non-governmental sectors with local Indian counterparts to transfer knowledge and arrive at locally appropriate solutions.

Five lifeline buildings selected to be retrofitted as part of this project - the Delhi Secretariat, the Delhi Police Headquarters, Ludlow Castle School, several buildings at Guru Tegh Bahadur (GTB) Hospital, and the Delhi Divisional Commissioner's Office.

DELHI EARTHQUAKE SAFTEY INITIATIVE (2002 – 2008)

IMPACT – Ludlow Castle School was retrofit using a prescriptive system

of micro-concrete "seismic belts" developed in India and specified in the Indian building code.

Two concrete office buildings at the Delhi Divisional Commissioner's Office complex were retrofitted using reinforced concrete shear walls.

The retrofit scheme for the Secretariat was to consist of "wrapping" columns to improve their ability to deform during an earthquake

Police Headquarters was to be retrofitted using a combination of new shear walls and modification of existing walls.

At GTB Hospital, the retrofit was to consist of anchoring interior brick partition walls and equipment.

DELHI EARTHQUAKE SAFTEY INITIATIVE (2002 – 2008)

OUTCOME & LEARNINGS –

MODEL SCHOOL – development of comprehensive awareness and evacuation plans, conduct of preparedness drills, and commencement of structural retrofitting in Delhi’s government schools.

Capacity building in earthquake engineering among Delhi government engineers. The Delhi Public Works Department created a "circle" for seismic retrofit within its organization

Demonstrated how to identify vulnerabilities in buildings and how to reduce earthquake risk.

Educated stakeholders about nonstructural concerns (falling hazards) that can pose immediate danger to building users, even without the occurrence of an earthquake.

Produced a set of earthquake safety training manuals for teachers and students

STRUCTURAL SAFETY –CONCERNS & ISSUE AREAS FOR

FUTURE No legal framework to require that all

constructions in Delhi must implement seismic code provisions.

Systematic studies are needed on vulnerability of different types of constructions in the NCT of Delhi.

Need to develop a rational seismic retrofitting policy, first for the government- owned buildings and later for the private constructions.

Need for updating seismic code especially with regard to construction of bridges, flyovers & metro projects.

RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE VULNERABILITY – DISASTER

MANAGEMENT ACT 2005 The Parliament enacted the Disaster Management Act in

2005. The Act envisages the formation of : National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) & District Disaster Management Authorities (DMAs).

Accordingly, the Delhi Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) was formed at NCT level in March, 2008.

Eleven districts DMAs have been formed at district level.

DELHI DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

The Disaster Management Act 2005 establishes:

ChairpersonHon’ble Lt. GovernorGovt. of NCT of Delhi

Vice ChairpersonHon’ble Chief Minister

MemberHon’ble Minister in charge

Member Chief Secretary / CEO

MemberGOC (HQ)

MemberPr. Secretary (Home)

MemberComm. Of Police

MemberComm. MCD

MemberJt. Secretary (DM) MHA

Convener/MemberPr. Secretary (Rev) Div. Comm.

STATE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF DDMA

Chief SecretaryChief Executive Officer

Pr. Secretary (Home)Member

Pr. Secretary (Public Works Department)

Member

Pr. Secretary (Revenue)Member

Pr. Secretary (Urban

Development )Member

DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

17

District MagistrateChairman

Additional District Magistrate/Chief Executive

Officer, DDMAMember

Deputy Commissioner

(Police)Member

Zonal Deputy Commissioner

Municipal Corporation of Delhi

Member

Superintendenting Engineer, Public Work

Department, Member

Chief District Medical Officer (Health)

Member

Elected RepresentativeCo Chairperson

Emergency Support Functionaries (ESFs) Framework for Delhi

ESF Function Coordinator MembersESF1 Communication MTNL NIC, Police, Revenue

Wireless, Private Telecom

ESF2 Evacuation Police Department Army,Health Dept, Civil Defence, Delhi fire Service, NCC

ESF3 Search and Rescue Secy. Home Fire Deptt, Police, Civil Defence, Army

ESF4 Medical Health/Trauma Secy. Health Major Hospitals, CATS, St. John Ambulance, Civil Defence

ESF5 Equipment Support Secy. Urban Development

MCD, PWD, NDMC, Cantt.Board, DDA, JAL Board

ESF6 Helplines, Warning Dissemination & coordination Media coverage

Pr. Secretary (Revenue/Disaster Management)

All Emergency Support Functionaries (ESFs), Media Agencies

ESF Framework for Delhi – Cont’d

ESF Function Coordinator Members

ESF7 Drinking Water CEO, Jal Board DJB

ESF8 Electricity Secy. Power Transco, Power Companies (NDPL/BSES)

ESF9 Relief (Food and Shelter)

Pr. Secretary (Revenue/Disaster Management)

Civil Supplies Corporation, Civil Defence, Volunteer Organisations

ESF10 Debris and Road Clearance

Commissioner, MCD PWD, NDMC, Cantt. Board, DDA, MES, CPWD

ESF11 Law and Order Commissioner, Police

Civil Defence, Home Guards

ESF12 Transport Secy. Transport DTC,DMRC

EMERGENCY OPERATION EMERGENCY OPERATION

Com

mun

icat

ionCo

mm

unic

atio

n Relie

f(Fo

od&

Sh

elte

r)Re

lief(

Food

&

Shel

ter)

Med

ical

Hea

lthM

edic

al H

ealth

Evac

uatio

nEv

acua

tion

Sear

ch &

Re

scue

Sear

ch &

Re

scue

Equi

pmen

t Su

pp.

Equi

pmen

t Su

pp.

Elec

tric

ityEl

ectr

icity

Deb

ris

& R

oad

Clea

ranc

eD

ebri

s &

Roa

d Cl

eara

nce

Tran

spor

tTr

ansp

ort

Law

and

Ord

erLa

w a

nd O

rder

Hel

plin

es,

War

ning

Hel

plin

es,

War

ning

Dri

nkin

g W

ater

Dri

nkin

g W

ater

Incident Commander District MagistrateIncident Commander

District Magistrate

Emergency Support Function (ESF)

CAPACITY BUILDING & COMMUNITY EDUCATION

Carrying out awareness campaigns and capacity

development programs:

a) Workshops ,

b) Seminars,

c) Trainings,

d) Mock Drills,

e) Publicity through media campaign,

f) Street Plays

SN Activities District

NE

District New Delhi

District

West

District

SW

District

South

District

North

District

NW

District

East

District

Central

Total

1. Number of Awareness

Programmes conducted

in last 3 years.778 420 675 192 733 50 1553 1055 210 5666

2. Number of Training

Programmes conducted

in last 3 years.

316 22 600 30 80 10 1200 241 190 2689

3. Number of RWA plans

made in last 3 years.75 10 156 38 190 125 100 35 80 809

4. Number of Relief Centers

identified in last 3 years.34 14 09 06 43 06 38 10 20 180

5. Number of CDVs trained

in last 3 years.1084 300 740 520 5809 150 5000 1752 7000 22355

6. Number of School Plans

prepared in last 3 years.553 118 549 105 283 126 300 352 62 2448

7. Number of Teachers

oriented in Disaster

Management in last 3

years.

2010 350 2785 456 4590 200 4000 1125 3720 19236

8. Number of Mock Drills

conducted in Jhuggi

Jhopris, Market Trade

Associations, Community

level in last 3 years.

81 273 33 15 204 13 36 670 190 1515

Total 54898

AT A GLANCE : Achievements (2009-2011)

TESTING EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS..MEGA MOCK DRILL

2011

ACTIVITIES IN RUN UP TO MEGA MOCK DRILL 2011

IEC Interventions

Media campaign: FM Radio News Papers Outdoor Media – BQS,

Unipole, Metro, Bridge Panel, etc.

SMS

Rallies, Flyer distribution, Nukkad Nataks, Public Lectures, Apada Mitra

Kapil Dev as the Goodwill ambassador of the mock drill

Orientation and Sensitization Workshops for

Members of Delhi Legislative Assembly

High Court Judiciary Judges and Lawyers of

District Courts Government Departments Residence Welfare

Associations Slum areas

ACTIVITIES IN RUN UP TO MEGA MOCK DRILL 2011

Brainstorming Workshops with: Architects, Doctors,

Engineers. Mock Drills in:

Schools & Colleges Malls, Metro Stations Hotels RWAs Govt. Departments

Preparatory Mock Drills at: State level District Level

Programmes Conducted Before the Mega Mock Drill: 108 Awareness

programs 23 Training Programs 27 Mock drills for

different sections of society

STATE LEVEL MEGA MOCK DRILL SCENARIO

The exercise started at 11:30 hrs on 15th February simultaneously in all nine districts of NCT

An earthquake of magnitude 7.9 on Richter Scale occurred on Delhi-Moradabad fault line, at 11:30 hrs on 15 Feb 2012.

The epicentre of the earthquake was 275 km East of Delhi, near Moradabad

Tremor lasted for 48 seconds

The potential intensity of the earthquake is between MSK VIII-IX.

Extreme weather conditions

As a result of the above there has been, Massive collapse of infrastructure

A significant number of medical casualties

The walled city, East, NE and West Delhi, suffered the maximum

Fire and Gas leaks have occurred at number of places

STATE MEGA MOCK DRILL – OUR PARTNERS

NDMA

Divisional Commissioner, DDMA (HQ)

All 9 District Magistrates and DDMA

Delhi Police

Delhi Fire Services

Health Department

MCD

NDMC

Food & Civil Supplies Dept.

Transport Department and Delhi Transport Corporation

HQ Delhi Area provided 10 teams of observers, one for each district and one for DDMA (HQ)

Selected Govt. and private hospitals

All Ambulances of CATS and St John Ambulance Brigade.

BSES and NDPL and their DM Teams

Delhi Jal Board and their DM teams

MTNL and DM teams

Civil Defence of respective districts. .

DG NDRF and nine teams of NDRF Ghaziabad 8th BN

Directorate of NCC, Delhi.

DMRC

Local and State level NGOs, working in respective Distt.

Delhi International Airport (P) Ltd.

Schools, educational institutions, hospitals, malls, shopping complexes, residential areas and office premises

LOCATIONS OF MEGA MOCK DRILL

Place Affected Number Place Affected Number

School (Government) 1025 Metro Stations 7

School (Private) 24 DC Office 5Colleges 34 Flyovers 6Hospitals 24 CNG/LPG Stations 11

Cinema Hall 5 Road Accident 1Resident Welfare

Association9 Hotel 1

Government Office Building

14 Industry 1

Market Association 7 Foot Over Bridge 1Petrol Pump 9 Slum/ JJ Colony 4

High Rise Building 3 Airport 1Malls 7 Parking Area 2

TOTAL = 1206

THIRD PARTY AUDIT – FOSTERING EFFECTIVE APPRAISAL & LEARNING

The Col GS, HQ Delhi Area was the overall coordinator

The Headquarter Delhi Area provided 09 Observer Teams comprising of officers, JCOs and ORs for each of the 09 districts of Delhi and DDMA (HQ)

Nearly 350 personnel from Headquarter Delhi Area

The Army Audit Teams assessed nearly 125 locations

Assessment was made by the audit teams under four heads:

Emergency Operation Centre (EOC)

Incident Sites Hospitals Relief Camps

MEGA MOCK DRILL – VALUE ADDITIONS…..

STRENGTHS –

Vast Media Campaign Response of PCR Response of Civil

Defence DISTRICT

MAGISTRATES –Leading from the front

Focused Approach

LEARNINGS – Location of NDRF inside

Delhi Raising of State Disaster

Response Force State of the Art EOC Survey of Vulnerable

Buildings Compatible

Communication Procurement of Basic

Equipment Standardisation of SOPs

of Various ESFs Training of Stake Holders

Glimpses of Earthquake Preparedness

Exercise

Glimpses of Earthquake Preparedness

Exercise

WORKSHOP FOR HONʼBLE MEMBERS OF DELHI VIDHAN SABHA

AWARENESS ACTIVITIES & COMMUNITY OUTREACH ……

EVACUATION OF CASUALTIES

EVACUATION DRILL AT LG HOUSE

DROP COVER HOLD EXERCISE IN SCHOOLS

STREET PLAYS

CIVIL DEFENCE VOLUNTEERS IN ACTION

DELHI FIRE SERVICE IN ACTION

RESCUE WORK AT CIVIC CENTRE

NDRF IN ACTION AT METRO STATION

MOCK DRILL IN METRO STATION

ARMY OBSERVERS AT DDMA (HQ)

STATE EOC IN ACTION

Hon’ble VC, NDMA at the State EOC

HONʼBLE CM AT THE PRESS CONFERENCE ON 15TH FEB.

MEDIA CAMPAIGN

UPCOMING QRT VEHICLES …..

"That's one small step for man, one giant leap for

mankind.”(Neil Armstrong)