Disaster: How we can reduce the risk of it.
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Transcript of Disaster: How we can reduce the risk of it.
DISASTERHOW WE CAN REDUCE THE RISK OF IT
By:-
Prashant
Water Science & Management
A.N. College Patna
DISASTER An event that causes a lot of harm or damage that is
beyond the coping capacity.
Types of disaster:- i) Natural disaster:- a) Flood
b) Earthquake
c) Drought
d) Cold & hot waves
ii) Manmade disaster:- a) War
b) Arson/ sabotage/riots etc
MOST EFFECTED SECTORS IN DISASTER
Water Health Food Infrastructure Education Finance Transport Telecom Defense and law & order Energy
CYCLE OF DISASTER
Before:-
Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness During:-
Emergency response After:-
Recovery & reconstruction
STEPS REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN BEFORE DISASTER Identification of vulnerable area Establishing control room & monitoring Proper forecasting & advance warning Collection of essential commodities Arrangements of funds
STEPS REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN DURING DISASTER
Immediate safe evacuation Setting for relief camps & protection Handling of relief camps & rescue work Monitoring & reporting Coordination among various agencies
STEPS REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN AFTER DISASTER
Disposal of dead bodies & carcasses Providing medical treatment Cleaning of debris & water Distribution of relief Initiation of reconstruction works
FLOOD
Flood is an unusually high stage in a river, normally the level at which the river overflows its banks and inundates the adjoining area.
Types of flood:- a) Flash flood b) River flood c) Coastal flood
MAIN CAUSES OF FLOOD Heavy rainfall River busting their banks Blocking of river channel Narrowness of river due to silt deposition
Ignorance of navigation in river Change in river course Dam breakdown Deforestation
DAMAGES OCCURRED DUE TO FLOOD
Infrastructure damage Human & cattle loss Crop loss Health risk Water borne diseases Open defecation contaminated drinking water Communication & transportation breakdown
ACTION TAKEN BEFORE, DURING & AFTER FLOOD
Before:- Construct elevated RCC house, aware about nearest safe place, collect essential commodities, listen to radio or tv for information
During:- Take shelter at high level, Listen warnings carefully, don’t listen & spread rumors, take special care to women, children & older person
After:-Destroy affected food commodities, take medical treatment, help neighbor as possible
HOW WE CAN REDUCE RISK OF FLOOD Construct storage reservoirs & floodways Improvement of channel
i) Widening & deepening of channel
ii) Reduction of channel roughness
iii) Removal of silt Construct home on elevated land & of RCC Identify flood prone areas & regulates the land use
accordingly Flood forecasting & warning should be sufficiently in
advance Flood insurance
DROUGHT
It is a climatic anomaly characterized by deficit supply of moisture due to no rain or less rain than normal over a region for a long period of time.68% land in India is vulnerable to drought.
191 districts out of 543 are severely drought prone.
Year No of effected person
1982 100,000,000
2000 50,000,000
Source:- UNISDR
CLASSIFICATION OF DROUGHT Metrological drought :- More than 25% decrease in
precipitation from normal. Hydrological drought :- Metrological drought if
prolonged, results in hydrological
drought with marked depletion of
surface water & groundwater. Agricultural drought :- This occurs when the soil
moisture & rainfall are inadequate
during the growing season to support
healthy crop growth to maturity.
CAUSES OF DROUGHT Natural :- Weather changes can alter normal
rainfall pattern. Human induced :- Environment degradation
i) Deforestation
ii) Soil erosion
iii) Excessive use of surface &
groundwater
iv) Global warming
v) Pollution
IMPACT OF DROUGHT Acute shortage of followings:-
i) Water
ii) Food & fodder
iii) Employment Further affecting:-
i) Farmers
ii) Poor families
iii) Women & children
iv) Agricultural productivity
v) Hydropower generation
vi) Economy
HOW WE CAN REDUCE RISK OF DROUGHT
Drought
Metrological
Hydrological
Agricultural
Water cycle imbalance
Reduction of water supply
Reduction of crop yield
1. Cloud seeding
2. Evaporation control
Water harvesting
1. Water harvesting 2.
Change of land use
Impact
Possible mitigation
HOW WE CAN REDUCE RISK OF DROUGHT
Construct community based rain water harvesting structure.
Promoting watershed programs. Increasing forest cover through plantation. Use drought resistance verities of crops. Provide livelihood options beside agriculture
& animal husbandry which are water intensive.
Using alternative crops in drought conditions. Example:- Marua, maize etc.
Community awareness to conserve water
ROAD SAFETY Some important facts:-
In all disaster it comes on 6th in world.
It accounts for 50 millions death/year.
15-29 age group is most affected.
Mostly death in developing countries.
India accounts for about 10% fatalities worldwide.
Social damage cost by it is approx 11,000$.
Mostly road accidents occurred during winter & rainy season.
Source:- World Health Organization
IMPORTANT TIPS USEFUL FOR ROAD SAFETY Don’t use mobile during driving Don’t drink & drive Keep your distance Follow traffic rules Always adhere to speed limits Take special to pedestrians Don’t drive if tired Don’t overtake Wear helmet while driving two wheeler Wear seat belt while driving four wheeler
RECOMMENDATIONS National policy & development planning requires such
steps:- i) Action –oriented values to which individual are committed
ii) Political authorities that favor long term benefits over
immediate economic as well as political gains.
Sustainable development Benefits= Income +Societal change +Environmental impact
Strong (+)ve political will power to help society is necessary for policy maker or politician.
Help the most needy on priority basis. Ex:- Pregnant women, Children, elder persons are most needy in disaster situation.
People should be aware not only about his rights but also about his duties.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Contingency planning of a disaster prone area should be made on basis of:-
Periodicity & history of disaster
Database of that area
Scenario setting
Regular updation by feedback by
different working departments & NGO’s
Resource mapping People should be aware about how to fight
from disaster.
MODEL
1. River channel
2. Mountain
3. Low land
rural area
4. Elevated urban
land
5. Drought prone
area
6. Community
house
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