Disability and impairment

DISABILITY & IMPAIRMENT

MADHUR VERMA

PG JR III

DEPTT. OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE

PGIMS ROHTAK

Contents

• Background

• How To Define Disability

• Causes Of Disability

• Prevalence Of Disability

• Data On Disability

• Data From Census 2011

• Socio- Economic Burden Of Disability

• Policies And Guidelines For The Disabled

• Schemes By The Centre And Haryana Govt.

Background

Disability is complex, dynamic, multidimensional, and contested.

“It is the umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations andparticipation restrictions, referring to the negative aspects of theinteraction between an individual (with a health condition) and thatindividual’s contextual factors (environmental and personalfactors).”

Background

The transition from an individual, medical perspective to a structural, social perspective has been described as the shift from a “medical model to “social model” in which people are viewed as being disabled by society rather than by their bodies.

The medical model and the social model are often presented as dichotomous, but disability should be viewed neither as purely medical nor as purely social: persons with disabilities can often experience problems arising from both.

A balanced approach is needed, giving appropriate weightage to the different aspects of disability.

Effect of environment

A person’s environment has a huge impact on the experience and extent of disability. Inaccessible environments create disability by creating barriers to participation and inclusion.

Examples of the possible -ve impact of the environment include:

• a Deaf individual without a sign language interpreter.

• a wheelchair user in a building without an accessible bathroom or elevator.

• a blind person using a computer without screen-reading software.

What is Disability?

The World Health Organization (WHO 1976) draws on a three–fold distinction between impairment, disability and handicap:

• Impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function.

• Disability is any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being.

• Handicap is a disadvantage, for a given individual, resulting from impairment or a disability, which prevents the fulfilment of a role that is considered normal (depending on age, sex and social and cultural factors) for that individual.

ICF(International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health)

WHO reaffirmed this classification (1980), and in 2001issued the International Classification of Functioning, Disabilityand Health (ICF).

The ICF distinguishes between body functions (physiological orpsychological, e.g. vision) and body structures (anatomical parts,e.g. the eye and related structures) (WHO 2002).

Since an individual’s functioning and disability occur in a context,the ICF also includes a list of environmental factors

The ICF lists 9 broad domains of functioning which can be affected

(WHO 2002):

1. Learning and applying knowledge

2. General tasks and demands

3. Communication

4. Mobility

5. Self-care

6. Domestic life

7. Interpersonal interactions and relationships

8. Major life areas

9. Community, social and civic life

ICF(International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health)

How to define disability???

According to the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995, "Person with disability" means a person suffering from not less than 40% of any disability as certified by a medical authority (any hospital or institution, specified for the purposes of this Act by notification by the appropriate Government).

As per the act "Disability" means -

(i) Blindness;

(ii) Low vision;

(iii) Leprosy-cured;

(iv) Hearing impairment

(v) Loco motor disability;

(vi) Mental retardation;

(vii) Mental illness


"Blindness" refers to a condition where a person suffers from any of the following conditions,

(i) Total absence of sight.

(ii) Visual acuity not exceeding 6/60 or 20/200 (snellen) in the better eye with correcting lenses;

(iii) Limitation of the field of vision subtending an angle of 200 or worse;

"Person with low vision" means a person with impairment of visual functioning even after treatment or standard refractive correction but who uses or is potentially capable of using vision for the planning or execution of a task with appropriate assistive device;


"Leprosy cured person" means any person who has been cured of leprosy but is suffering from-

I. Loss of sensation in hands or feet as well as loss of sensation andparesis in the eye and eye-lid but with no manifest deformity;

II. Manifests deformity and paresis; but having sufficient mobility intheir hands and feet to enable them to engage in normal economicactivity;

iii. Extreme physical deformity as well as advanced age which preventshim from undertaking any gainful occupation, and the expression"leprosy cured" shall be construed accordingly.


"Hearing impairment" means loss of 60 dB or more in

the better ear in the conversational range of frequencies;

"Loco motor disability" means disability of the bones, joints

muscles leading to substantial restriction of the movement of

the limbs or any form of cerebral palsy;

"Mental retardation" means a condition of arrested or

incomplete development of mind of a person which is

specially characterized by sub normality of intelligence;

"Mental illness" means any mental disorder other than mental

retardation;

Causes and Risk Factors of Disability

• The most common causes of impairment and disability includechronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease andcancer; injuries such as those due to road traffic crashes,conflicts, falls, landmines, mental impairments, birth defects,malnutrition, HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases.

• The disability manual by National Human Rights Commissionelaborately describes various indirect causes of disability (NHRC2005).

Malnutrition: is a major cause of disability in India as well as acontributory factor in other ailments that increase susceptibilityto disabling conditions. Common micro-nutrient deficiencies thataffect disability include:

• Vitamin A deficiency – blindness

• Vitamin B complex deficiency – beriberi, pellagra, anaemia

• Vitamin D deficiency – rickets (soft and deformed bones)

• Iodine deficiency –learning difficulties, intellectual disabilities goitre

• Iron deficiency – anaemia, which impedes learning and activity

• Calcium deficiency – osteoporosis (fragile bones)


Conflict: War has been the single largest factor responsible for causing permanent disablement

Occupational Hazards: for ex. low standards of safety and hazardous working conditions, Wheat harvesting and amputations, paddy sowing and muscular diseases, coconut picking and spinal cord injuries (NHRC 2005).

Traffic Hazard: It is estimated that by 2020, road traffic accidents will be ranked as the third leading cause of disability in the Asian and Pacific region. (NHRC 2005)


Prevalence of disability

The United Nations (UN) Disability Statistic’s Compendium (DISTAT) noted

that disability rates are not comparable across the world because of

differences in survey design, definitions, concepts and methods, as the

proportion of disabled people per national population varies between less

than 1% in Peru to about 21% in Austria (UN 1990).

According to world report on disability 2011……

Based on 2010 population (6.9 billion, 5.04 billion 15 years and

over & 1.86 billion under 15 year) and 2004 disability prevalence

estimates (World Health Survey and Global Burden of Disease)

Including children, over a billion people (or about 15% of the

world’s population) were estimated to be living with disability.

This is higher than WHO estimates from the 1970s, which

suggested a global prevalence of around 10%.

CENSUS OF INDIA 2011

DATA ON DISABILITYOffice of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India New Delhi

Present Dataset

• Information on disability of individuals was collected

during the Population Enumeration phase of Census

2011 through ‘Household Schedule’ .

• Similar information was collected during 2001 census

also. Information for individuals residing in ‘Normal’,

‘Institutional’ and ‘Houseless’ households was

collected.

• The table C-20- ‘Disabled by age-group and type of

disability’ has been generated on the basis of

processing 100% Census Schedules.

Historical Perspective

• The question on disability was canvassed in all the Censuses

since 1872 to 1931

• The question on disability was not canvassed in the Censuses

from 1941 to 1971

• In Census 1981, information on three types of disability was

collected

• The question was dropped in Census 1991

• In Census 2001, the question was again included and

information on five types of disability was collected

• In Census 2011 information on eight types of disability has

been collected

Questions Canvassed in Census 2011

Codes

Features of Disability Question, 2011

• Has a filter question to ascertain disability status

• Attempts to collect information on eight types of disabilities asagainst five in Census 2001.

• Designed to cover most of the disabilities listed in the “Personswith Disabilities Act, 1995” and “The National Trust Act, 1999”.

• The placement of the question on disability in the CensusSchedule was changed. The question was brought forward at Q-9at Census 2011. This was the question No. 15 at the Census 2001.

Special Efforts Made to Improve Coverage

Training

• Intensive training at various levels including National Trainers,Master Trainers Facilitators

• Training imparted by experts from disability sector usingspecially developed training modules

• Role models from disability groups were invited in trainingclasses to motivate and sensitize Census functionaries

• National Centre for Promotion of Employment for DisabledPeople (NCPEDP) and its alliance partners were associated indeveloping training modules, imparting training and sensitizingCensus functionaries.

• Wide publicity through electronic and print media undertaken.

• Special audio/ video spots prepared in 12 languages

• Special E-learning module prepared to show as to how to approach and extract information on disability from respondents

• Leaflet on disability

• Seminars and workshops

• Banners and Posters

• Events like Auto Rickshaw rally, car rally, Cycle rally

Special Efforts Made to Improve Coverage (Contd.)

Publicity


Cycle rickshaw rally at New Delhi by the disabled


Posters and Banners

Leaflet on disability for Media Kit

Definitional Changes 2001-11

Type of disability Change in definition

In Seeing 1. One eyed persons were treated as disabled at Census 2001. At the Census 2011 such persons have not been treated as disabled in seeing.

2. At the Census 2011 enumerators were asked to apply a simple test to ascertain blurred vision. At Census 2001 no such instructions were given.

In Hearing 1. Persons using hearing aid have been treated as disabled at Census 2011. They were not treated as disabled at the Census 2001.

2. Persons having problem in hearing through one ear although the other ear is functioning normally was considered having hearing disability in Census 2001. But in Census 2011, such persons were not considered as disabled.

In Speech • Definition was made clearer in Census 2011 to record persons with speech disability. For instance, “persons who speak in single words and are not able to speak in sentences” was specifically mentioned to be treated as disabled.

Definitional Changes (Contd.)

Type of disability

Change in definition

In Movement Specific mention of the following was made in the definition for Census 2011:1. Paralytic persons2. Those who crawl3. Those who are able to walk with the help of aid4. Have acute and permanent problems of joints/muscles5. Have stiffness or tightness in movement or have loose, involuntary

movements or tremors of the body or have fragile bones6. Have difficulty balancing and coordinating body movement7. Have loss of sensation in body due to paralysis, Leprosy etc.8. Have deformity of body like hunch back or are dwarf.

Definitional Changes (Contd.)

Type of disability Change in definition

Mental Retardation

New category introduced at Census 2011. Mental Retardationwas covered under the category of Mental disability at Census2001.

Mental Illness New category introduced at Census 2011. Mental Illness wascovered under the category of Mental disability at Census 2001.

Any Other New category introduced at Census 2011 to ensure completecoverage. This option enabled respondents to report thosedisabilities which are not listed in the question. In such cases,where informant was not sure about the type of disability thisoption of reporting disability as ‘Any Other’ was available toher/him.

Multiple Disability New category introduced at Census 2011. The question has beendesigned to record as many as three types of disabilities fromwhich the individual was reported to be suffering.

Data Highlights fromcensus 2011

Disabled Population by Sex and ResidenceIndia : 2011

Source: C-Series, Table C-20, Census of India 2001 and 2011

Percentage of Disabled to total population India, 2011

Residence Persons Males Females

Total 2.21 2.41 2.01

Rural 2.24 2.43 2.03

Urban 2.17 2.34 1.98

Percentage of Disabled to total population India, 2001


Total 2.13 2.37 1.87

Rural 2.21 2.47 1.93

Urban 1.93 2.12 1.71

Disabled Population by Sex and ResidenceIndia : 2001-11


Disabled Population by Sex and ResidenceIndia, 2011


Total 26,810,557 14,986,202 11,824,355

Rural 18,631,921 10,408,168 8,223,753

Urban 8,178,636 4,578,034 3,600,602

Decadal Change in Disabled Population by Sex and Residence, India, 2001-11

Absolute Increase Percentage Decadal Growth

Residence Persons Males Females Persons Males Females

Total 4,903,788 2,380,567 2,523,221 22.4 18.9 27.1

Rural 2,243,539 997,983 1,245,556 13.7 10.6 17.8

Urban 2,660,249 1,382,584 1,277,665 48.2 43.3 55.0

Disabled Population by ResidenceIndia : 2001-2011

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

Total Rural Urban

2.13

2.21

1.93

2.212.24

2.17

Per

cen

tage

Proportion of Disabled Population by ResidenceIndia : 2001-11

2001 2011

• Percentage of disabled persons in India has increased both in rural and urban areas during the last decade.

• Proportion of disabled population is higher in rural areas• Decadal increase in proportion is significant in urban areas


Disabled Population by Sex India : 2001-2011

• Slight increase in disability among both the sexes over the decade

• Proportion of disabled population is higher among males

• Decadal Increase in proportion is higher among females

55.9

44.1

Males

Females

Percentage Share of Disabled Population by Sex

India, 2011


Proportion of Disabled PopulationIndia and States/UTs : 2011


Disability by Social GroupsIndia : 2011

Proportion of Disabled Population by Social Groups

India, 2011

Social Group Persons Males Females

Total 2.21 2.41 2.01

Scheduled Castes 2.45 2.68 2.20

Scheduled Tribes 2.05 2.18 1.92

Other than SC/ST 2.18 2.37 1.98

( % )

Source: C-Series, Tables C-20, C-20SC and C-20ST, Census of India 2011

Disabled Population by Type of Disability (%)India : 2011

Source: C-Series, Table C-20, Census of India 2011

Proportion of Disabled Population by Type of Disability

India : 2011

Type of Disability Persons Males Females

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

In Seeing 18.8 17.6 20.2

In Hearing 18.9 17.9 20.2

In Speech 7.5 7.5 7.4

In Movement 20.3 22.5 17.5

Mental Retardation 5.6 5.8 5.4

Mental Illness 2.7 2.8 2.6

Any Other 18.4 18.2 18.6

Multiple Disability 7.9 7.8 8.1

( % )

In Seeing18.8

In Hearing18.9

In Speech7.5

In Movement

20.3

Mental Retardation

5.6

Mental Illness

2.7

Any Other18.4

Multiple Disability

7.9

Proportion of Disabled Population by Type of Disability

India : 2011(Persons)

Disabled Population by Type and Residence(%)India : 2011


( % )

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

In Seeing In Hearing In Speech InMovement

MentalRetardation

MentalIllness

Any Other MultipleDisability

18.8 18.2

7.0

21.7

5.5

2.7

17.7

8.5

18.720.5

8.5

17.1

5.9

2.8

20.0

6.5

Disability by Type and Residence, India, 2011

Rural Urban

• Disability in hearing and speech is more in urban areas• Disability in movement and multiple disability is more in rural areas.

Disabled Population by Type and Social Group (%)

India : 2011

( % )

Percentage Share of Disabled Population by Type of Disability Among Social Groups

India : 2011

Type of Disability Total SCs STs OTH

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

In Seeing 18.8 19.1 20.0 18.6

In Hearing 18.9 17.4 19.3 19.2

In Speech 7.5 5.2 5.3 8.3

In Movement 20.3 20.5 22.5 20.0

Mental Retardation 5.6 5.1 4.9 5.8

Mental Illness 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.8

Any Other 18.4 22.9 16.5 17.4

Multiple Disability 7.9 7.3 8.9 7.9

• Disability in seeing, hearing and movement and multiple disability is more among STs than that of SCs and Others

• Disability in speech and mental retardation is more among others than that of SCs and STs


Percentage Share of Disabled Population by Type and Social GroupIndia : 2011


• Disability in seeing, movement and multiple disability is more among STs than that of SCs and Others• Disability in speech and mental retardation is more among others than that of SCs and STs

In Seeing19.1

In Hearing17.4

In Speech5.2

In Movement20.5

Mental Retardation

5.1

Mental Illness

2.4

Any Other22.9

Multiple Disability7.3

ScheduledCastes

In Seeing20.0

In Hearing19.3

In Speech5.3In Movement

22.5

Mental Retardation

4.9

Mental Illness

2.6

Any Other16.5


ScheduledTribes

In Seeing18.6

In Hearing19.2

In Speech8.3In Movement

20.0

Mental Retardation

5.8

Mental Illness

2.8

Any Other17.4


Other than SCs and STs

Disabled Population by Age and SexIndia : 2011


Proportion of Disabled Population in the Respective Age Groups

India : 2011

Age Group Persons Males Females

All Ages 2.21 2.41 2.01

0-4 1.14 1.18 1.11

5-9 1.54 1.63 1.44

10-19 1.82 1.96 1.67

20-29 1.97 2.22 1.70

30-39 2.09 2.41 1.77

40-49 2.31 2.66 1.94

50-59 2.83 3.16 2.47

60-69 4.15 4.41 3.89

70-79 6.22 6.26 6.19

80-89 8.41 8.33 8.48

90+ 8.40 7.88 8.85

Age Not Stated 3.07 3.21 2.91

( % )

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00

0-4

5-9

10-19

20-29

30-39

40-49

50-59

60-69

70-79

80-89

90+

1.14

1.54

1.82

1.97

2.09

2.31

2.83

4.15

6.22

8.41

8.40

Percentage

Age

Gro

up

Proportion of Disabled Population in the Respective Age Group

India, 2011

Proportion of Disabled Population in the respective age groups by sexIndia : 2011


( % )

• Disability among males is higher upto the age group 70-79• Disability among females is higher thereafter

1.11

1.44

1.67

1.70

1.77

1.94

2.47

3.89

6.19

8.48

8.85

1.18

1.63

1.96

2.22

2.41

2.66

3.16

4.41

6.26

8.33

7.88

10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00

0-4

5-9

10-19

20-29

30-39

40-49

50-59

60-69

70-79

80-89

90+

Females Males

Poverty and Disability

• The British Department for International Development (DFID)has recognized that, ‘disability is a major cause of socialexclusion and it is both the cause and consequence of poverty’(DFID 2000).

• Recent World Bank studies assert that ‘half a billion disabledpeople are undisputedly amongst the poorest of the poor.’

Socio-Economic burden of disability

The financial impact of disablement on the family/household issignificant.

More specifically, a south Indian study evaluating the economicburden of families with disabled children indicated that the meanexpenditure of the families with a disabled child was $254 per yearcompared with an expenditure of $181 per year of families withnormal children, (t=10.2, P<.00001). (Kandamuthan andKandamuthan 2004)

Of the disabled children, 80% were not getting any social securitypayments and 90% had no special concessions for medical andother educational purposes.

Of the mothers of the disabled children, 21% were unemployed asagainst 12% in the case of normal children.

Policies and Guidelines in India

The legislative framework for the protection of the rights of disabled people is covered by following acts in India :

1. Mental Health Act 1987

2. Rehabilitation Council of India Act 1992

3. Persons with Disabilities Act 1995

4. The National Trust Act 1999

The Mental Health Act 1987

Mental Health Act came into effect in April 1993 & replaced the Indian LunacyAct of 1912. It consolidated and amended the law relating to the treatment andcare of mentally ill persons and to make better provision with respect to theirproperly and affairs.

Objectives

• Regulate admission to psychiatric hospitals/nursing homes of mentally ill-persons who do not have sufficient understanding to seek treatment on avoluntary basis, and to protect the rights of such persons while beingdetained;

• Protect society from the presence of mentally ill persons who have become ormight become a danger or nuisance to others;

• Protect citizens from being detained without sufficient cause in psychiatrichospitals/ nursing homes;

• Regulate responsibility for maintenance charges of mentally ill persons who are admitted to psychiatric hospitals

• Provide facilities for establishing guardianship of mentally ill persons who are incapable of managing their own affairs;

• Provide for the establishment of Central Authority and State Authorities for Mental Health Services;

• Regulate the powers of the Government for establishing, licensing and controlling psychiatric hospitals /nursing homes for mentally ill persons;

• legal aid to mentally ill persons at State expense in certain cases.

In 2002, the Act was implemented in 25 out of 30 states and Union Territories.Under the Act, each state is required to constitute a State Mental HealthAuthority (SMHA) to ensure effective and equitable enforcement of theprovisions of the Act. (WHO 2006).

The Mental Health Act 1987

The Rehabilitation Council of India Act 1992

This Act sets out to regulate the training of professionals in rehabilitation and sets out a framework for a Central Rehabilitation Register. Specifically it sets out:

1. Training policies and programmes;

2. Standardise the training courses for professionals dealing with persons with disabilities;

3. Grant recognition to the institutions running these training courses;

4. Maintain a Central Rehabilitation Register of the rehabilitation professionals;

5. Promote research in Rehabilitation and Special Education.

6. The major functions of the council include the recognition of qualifications granted by Universities in India for Rehabilitation Professionals and also the recognition of qualification by Institutions outside India.

The Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, protection Of Rights And Full Participation) Act 1995

This act provides 3% reservations for disabled people in povertyalleviation programmes, government posts, and in stateeducational facilities, as well as other rights and entitlement.

Objectives :

1. Prevention and Early Detection of Disabilities 8. Social Security

2. Education 9. Employment

3. Affirmative Action 10. Non-Discrimination

4. Research And Manpower Development

5. Recognition of Institutions for Persons with Disabilities

6. Institution for Persons with Severe Disabilities

7. The Chief Commissioner and Commissioners for Persons with Disabilities

The National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act 1999

This Act provides for the constitution of a national body for the Welfare of Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities.

Objectives:

• Enable and empower PWD to live independently and as fully as possible from within and close to the community to which they belong;

• to strengthen facilities & to provide support to persons with disability to live within their own families;

• to extend support to registered organization to provide need based Services during the period of crises in the family of persons with disability;

• to deal with problems of persons with disability who do not have family support.

National Policy for Persons with Disabilities Act 2005

The National Policy, released in February 2006 seeks to create anenvironment that provides them equal opportunities, protection of theirrights and full participation in society.

Its aim is to ensure better coordination between various wings of theState and Central Governments .

The focus of the policy is on the following:

• Prevention of Disabilities

• Rehabilitation Measures

• Physical Rehabilitation Strategies

• Early Detection and Intervention

• Counselling & Medical Rehabilitation

In addition to the legal framework, extensive infrastructure has been developed in India for disabled persons under this Act and includes the establishment of the following institutions:

• Institute for the Physically Handicapped, New Delhi.

• National Institute of Visually Handicapped, Dehradun

• National Institute for Orthopedically Handicapped, Kolkata

• National Institute for Mentally Handicapped, Secunderabad.

• National Institute for Hearing Handicapped, Mumbai

• National Institute of Rehabilitation Training & Research, Cuttack.

• National Institute for Empowerment of Persons with Multiple Disabilities, Chennai

National Policy for Persons with Disabilities Act 2005

The Disability and Rehabilitation WHO Action Plan 2006-2011

The document provides the overview of WHO's future plan ofactivities, which will be carried out or coordinated by the Disabilityand Rehabilitation team located in the Department of Injuries andViolence Prevention, in the NCD and Mental Health.

VISION: All persons with disabilities live in dignity, with equal rightsand opportunities

MISSION: To enhance the quality of life for persons with disabilitiesthrough national, regional and global efforts to:

• Raise awareness about the magnitude and consequences ofdisability

• Facilitate data collection and analyse or disseminate disability-related data and information

• Support, promote and strengthen health and rehabilitationservices for persons with disabilities and their families

• Promote community based rehabilitation (CBR)

• Promote development, production, distribution and servicingof assistive technology

• Support the development, implementation, measuring andmonitoring of policies to improve the rights andopportunities for people with disabilities.

• Build capacity among health and rehabilitation policy makersand service providers

• Foster multi-sectoral networks and partnerships

The Disability and Rehabilitation WHO Action Plan 2006-2011

• In India, two Departments : "Department of Social Justice andEmpowerment" and "Department of Disability Affairs" createdunder the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment witheffect from May 14th, 2012.

• The Government has introduced the Rights of Persons withDisabilities Bill, 2014 in the Rajya Sabha on 7th February, 2014.It has been proposed inter alia in the Bill to establish theNational Commission and State Commissions for Persons withDisabilities.

The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill, 2014

• The Bill repeals the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995.

• Features of the bill:

1. Definition of disability: Disability is defined to include 19 conditions such as: autism; low vision and blindness; cerebral palsy; deaf blindness;

haemophilia; hearing impairment; leprosy; intellectual disability; mental illness; muscular dystrophy; multiple sclerosis; learning disability; speech and

language disability; sickle cell disease; thalassemia; chronic neurological conditions; and multiple disability. Persons with benchmark disabilities are

defined as those with at least 40 per cent of any of the above specified disabilities.

2. Rights of persons with disabilities: The Bill states that persons with disabilities shall have the right to equality and shall not be discriminated against on grounds of their disability.

3. Education, skill development and employment: All governmentinstitutions of higher education and those getting aid from thegovernment are required to reserve at least 5% of seats for PWD.

At least 5% of the vacancies are to be filled by persons or classof persons with at least 40 % of any of the disabilities.

4. Legal Capacity: Disabled persons have the right, equally with others,to own and inherit movable and immovable property, as well as controltheir financial affairs.

5. Guardianship: if a district court finds that a mentally ill person is notcapable of taking legally binding decisions, it may order guardianship tothe person.

The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill, 2014

6. National and State Commissions for persons with disabilities: The central and state governments are required to establish a National and State Commissions for Persons with Disabilities, respectively

7. Central and state advisory boards: The boards shall advise governments on policies and programmes on disability and review the activities of organisations dealing with disabled persons.

Ali Yavar Jung National Institute For The Hearing Handicapped

The District Disability Rehabilitation Centre (DDRCs) under Gramin Punarvasan Yojana (GPY) a programme of the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India was started in the year 2000.

Objectives :

1. Provide total rehabilitation to persons with sensory (hearing and vision), physical and mental disabilities.

2. Research

3. Educational Programmes

4. Service Facilities: Strategies for early identification and rehabilitative procedures. films and audio visuals on vocational training and job placement, etc. are being developed.

5. Community Programme: Identification and intervention, homebound training, correspondence training and also tele–rehabilitation services are being rendered and evolved withemerging needs.

6. Material Development: Required for (a) education (b) publicawareness and community education, literacy programme for adultdeaf, Parent Counselling and Programme for strengtheningvoluntary organisations.

7. Information and Documentation: Documenting and disseminatingthe latest information and developments in the science of hearing,speech and related technology is being done.

National Handicapped Finance and Development Corporation(NHFDC)

Incorporated by Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment

Main Objectives:

• Promote economic development of the persons with disabilities.

• Promote self-employment for the benefit/economic rehabilitation

• Assist individuals or groups with disabilities by way of loans and advances for economically and financially viable schemes.

• Grant concessional finance in selected cases for the persons with disability in the country in collaboration with Government

• Extend loans to the PWD for pursuing education for training at graduate and higher levels.

• Assist in the upgradation of technical and entrepreneurial skills of PWD for proper and efficient mgt. of production units.

• Set up training, quality control, process development, for the proper rehabilitation of the PWD in support of their economic pursuits.

• Work as an apex institution for channelizing the funds through State Finance Corporation for the Handicapped or through corresponding Corporations authorised by State Govts./Boards set up by Union Govt/State Govt/Union Territory

National Handicapped Finance and Development Corporation(NHFDC)

SCHEME OF ASSISTANCE TO DISABLED PERSONS FORPURCHASE/FITTING OF AIDS/APPLIANCES (ADIP SCHEME) April, 2014

Objectives

• to assist the needy disabled persons in procuring durable,sophisticated and scientifically manufactured aids & appliances topromote rehabilitation of PWD and enhance their economicpotential with the help of Implementing Agencies

• Implementing Agencies will take PRE & POST FITTING CARE of theaids and appliances distributed under the Scheme.

• Implementing Agencies will give wide publicity of the distribution ofsuch aid and appliances to PwDs.

• After the camps, they shall provide a list of beneficiaries and thedetails of aids and assistive devices with the cost incurred to theState Government and the Department of Disability Affairs.

The Scheme shall also include essential medical/surgical correction and intervention, prior to fitment of aids and appliances, as per the following norms:

(i) From ₹.500/- to ₹.1,000/- for hearing & speech impaired.

(ii) From ₹.1000/- to ₹2,000/- for visually disabled.

(iii) From ₹ 3000/- to ₹ 5,000/- for orthopedically disabled

SCHEME OF ASSISTANCE TO DISABLED PERSONS FORPURCHASE/FITTING OF AIDS/APPLIANCES (ADIP SCHEME) April, 2014

ELIGIBILITY OF THE BENEFICIARIES

A person with disabilities fulfilling following conditions would be eligible for assistance under ADIP Scheme.

i. An Indian citizen of any age.

ii. Holds a 40% Disablement Certificate.

iii. Has monthly income not exceeding ₹ 20,000/- pm.

iv. For dependents, the income of parents/guardians <₹ 20,000 pm.

v. Who have not received assistance during the last 3 years for the same

purpose from any source. However, for children below 12 years of age, this l

limit would be 1 year.

Schemes offered to the disabled by the central Govt.

1. Scheme of Integrated Education for The Disabled Children

2. Scholarships For The Disabled

3. children's Educational Allowance

4. Railway Travel Concession: 50% concession

5. Reservation of Jobs: 3% vacancies, Carry forward ( A roster (100 point) has been prescribed for giving effect to reservation of jobs for physically handicapped persons. In this roster 67th vacancy occurring in a particular year would be reserved for the deaf.)

6. Age Relaxation: UPPER AGE + 10 YEARS

SOURCE : http://ayjnihh.nic.in/index.asp

7. Promotion: Not to be denied promotion on medical grounds.

8. Posting of Physically Handicapped Candidates: transfer to or near their native places may also be given preferences.

9. Income Tax Concessions: Section 80 DD , Max limit ₹15000.

10. Professional Tax Exemption

11. Award of Dealerships/Agencies by Oil Companies: 7.5% reservations

12. Economic Assistance: eligible to take loans under the scheme

with minimum rate of interest (4% uniformly)

Schemes offered to the disabled by the central Govt.

Schemes offered to the disabled by the Haryana Govt.

• Reservation in Government Job: 3% of jobs are reserved

• Housing board: Handicapped persons get priority in allotment of Houses and there is 01.5% reservation .

• Age Relaxation: The Upper age limit is relaxed by 10 years for handicapped persons for applying in Government jobs.

• Scholarship/Stipend: The State Government awards scholarship to the handicapped students (50- 400 ₹ pm)

• Disability Pension/Social Security Pension: Disabled persons of the age group of 65 years and above having disability of 70% and above with family income of ₹ 200/– p.m. or less get disability pension of ₹ 100/– p.m.

• Un–employment allowance: Disabled persons who has registered in employment exchange get unemployment allowance (150-250 ₹ pm) SOURCE : http://ayjnihh.nic.in/index.asp

• Conveyance Allowances: Physically handicapped employees get conveyance allowance @ 8% of their basic pay subject to a maximum of Rs.150/– p.m

• Bus concession: The State Government gives free bus pass to all types of blind and other disabled persons having 100 disability.

• Assistance for self employment: Haryana Financial Corporation gives loan to all types of handicapped for starting self employment.

• Exemption in road tax: All types of handicapped persons are exempted from paying road tax.

• Awards/Sports/Seminars: State Government gives awards to the best handicapped employees and the best self employed disabled for their encouragement.


• Assistance for purchase of aids and appliances: The crippled and orthopaedically handicapped persons get artificial limbs and wheel chair by the State Government whose case is recommended by a medical specialist or Chief Medical Officer.

• Other Concessions/facilities:

Welfare activities: Deaf & dumb person get vocational training during which they get free rationing & free lodging/boarding & medical facilities.


Next time u c smbdy on a wheel chair, don’t feel pitty!!!!!

THEY MIGHT BE THE BEST OF ALL U

REMEMBER !!!!!

Disability and impairment

Health & Medicine

Transcript of Disability and impairment