Dirk Vandeplassche Ion Beam Applications SA Louvain-la ...
48
Future trends Dirk Vandeplassche Ion Beam Applications SA Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium) [email protected] CAS, Zeegse (The Netherlands), June 1, 2005
Transcript of Dirk Vandeplassche Ion Beam Applications SA Louvain-la ...
Future trends
Dirk VandeplasscheIon Beam Applications SA
Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium)dirkvandeplasscheibabe
CAS Zeegse (The Netherlands) June 1 2005
Introduction
bull ldquosmall acceleratorsrdquo a definition
ndash industrial context commercial productcustomer or client
provider ndash client relation win-windemands
ndash several units foreseeable
Introduction
bull soFuture trends are driven by customersrsquo
demands
bull and
Customers have applications
obvious
Introduction
bull new demands lead to new technical solutions
bull research placed in present European political context (rules) ndash funded research projects organized in IP
bull research institutesbull universitiesbull industrial companies
ndash industrial approach from start
Introduction
bull discussion organized around the applications of accelerators from an industrial point of view (ldquosmallrdquoaccelerators)ndash researchndash medicalndash industryndash hellip
application domains
hadrons electrons
existingbull PET (hospital based)bull medical isotope productionbull p-therapy
material irradiation
plannedbull BNCTbull C-therapy
food irradiation
future prospectscontinuous fast n-productionbull withoutbull with
safety
multiplication
aspectsTo what aspects of the commercial product lsquoacceleratorrsquo do the
customersrsquo demands relate
existing planned prospectspricebull cost of operationbull ease of operationbull availabilitybull maintainability amp dismantling
high-techbeam energybeam currentbeam quality
econ
omy
tech
niqu
e
psychology
standpoint and limits
bull most common demand CW beamsbull remaining technology of first choice
Hndash cyclotron
bull limits due to nature of Hndash ndash energy fundamental contradiction
ndash intensity ion sources
standpoint and limits
bull limits intrinsically due to cyclotron ndash energy focussingndash intensity space chargendash reliability
PET isotope production
bull requestsndash lt 20 MeV p 200 μA ( )ndash d-beam from same machinendash multi-beam extraction
bull no doubt about technologyndash cyclotron RTndash accelerate Hndash Dndash
ndash 2 internal ion sources
PET isotope production
bull competitive market ldquoclassicalrdquomarketing problemsndash economical optimisationndash reproducibility in manufacturingndash optimize reliabilityndash high-tech aspect
bull no accelerator technology challenge
PET isotope production
industryresearch isotope production
bull requestsndash 14 MeV p gt 2 mA Pdndash 30 MeV p gt 12 mA general purpose
bull present technology RT cyclotronndash H+ with self-extractionndash Hndash with stripping extractionsatisfying for now but both reaching their
intensity limits
industryresearch isotope production
bull future is technically challengingndash upgrading the present solutionsif intensity demands continue risingndash start looking beyond cyclotron limits
bull competitive marketndash economical optimisation
protontherapy
bull requestsndash 230 ndash 250 MeV p few nA of beam delivered
to patient unchangedbull technology
ndash Hndash now excluded H+
ndash borderline region several technical answers
bull RT cyclotron (IBA)bull SC cyclotron (Accel)bull synchrotron (Hitachi)
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
Introduction
bull ldquosmall acceleratorsrdquo a definition
ndash industrial context commercial productcustomer or client
provider ndash client relation win-windemands
ndash several units foreseeable
Introduction
bull soFuture trends are driven by customersrsquo
demands
bull and
Customers have applications
obvious
Introduction
bull new demands lead to new technical solutions
bull research placed in present European political context (rules) ndash funded research projects organized in IP
bull research institutesbull universitiesbull industrial companies
ndash industrial approach from start
Introduction
bull discussion organized around the applications of accelerators from an industrial point of view (ldquosmallrdquoaccelerators)ndash researchndash medicalndash industryndash hellip
application domains
hadrons electrons
existingbull PET (hospital based)bull medical isotope productionbull p-therapy
material irradiation
plannedbull BNCTbull C-therapy
food irradiation
future prospectscontinuous fast n-productionbull withoutbull with
safety
multiplication
aspectsTo what aspects of the commercial product lsquoacceleratorrsquo do the
customersrsquo demands relate
existing planned prospectspricebull cost of operationbull ease of operationbull availabilitybull maintainability amp dismantling
high-techbeam energybeam currentbeam quality
econ
omy
tech
niqu
e
psychology
standpoint and limits
bull most common demand CW beamsbull remaining technology of first choice
Hndash cyclotron
bull limits due to nature of Hndash ndash energy fundamental contradiction
ndash intensity ion sources
standpoint and limits
bull limits intrinsically due to cyclotron ndash energy focussingndash intensity space chargendash reliability
PET isotope production
bull requestsndash lt 20 MeV p 200 μA ( )ndash d-beam from same machinendash multi-beam extraction
bull no doubt about technologyndash cyclotron RTndash accelerate Hndash Dndash
ndash 2 internal ion sources
PET isotope production
bull competitive market ldquoclassicalrdquomarketing problemsndash economical optimisationndash reproducibility in manufacturingndash optimize reliabilityndash high-tech aspect
bull no accelerator technology challenge
PET isotope production
industryresearch isotope production
bull requestsndash 14 MeV p gt 2 mA Pdndash 30 MeV p gt 12 mA general purpose
bull present technology RT cyclotronndash H+ with self-extractionndash Hndash with stripping extractionsatisfying for now but both reaching their
intensity limits
industryresearch isotope production
bull future is technically challengingndash upgrading the present solutionsif intensity demands continue risingndash start looking beyond cyclotron limits
bull competitive marketndash economical optimisation
protontherapy
bull requestsndash 230 ndash 250 MeV p few nA of beam delivered
to patient unchangedbull technology
ndash Hndash now excluded H+
ndash borderline region several technical answers
bull RT cyclotron (IBA)bull SC cyclotron (Accel)bull synchrotron (Hitachi)
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
Introduction
bull soFuture trends are driven by customersrsquo
demands
bull and
Customers have applications
obvious
Introduction
bull new demands lead to new technical solutions
bull research placed in present European political context (rules) ndash funded research projects organized in IP
bull research institutesbull universitiesbull industrial companies
ndash industrial approach from start
Introduction
bull discussion organized around the applications of accelerators from an industrial point of view (ldquosmallrdquoaccelerators)ndash researchndash medicalndash industryndash hellip
application domains
hadrons electrons
existingbull PET (hospital based)bull medical isotope productionbull p-therapy
material irradiation
plannedbull BNCTbull C-therapy
food irradiation
future prospectscontinuous fast n-productionbull withoutbull with
safety
multiplication
aspectsTo what aspects of the commercial product lsquoacceleratorrsquo do the
customersrsquo demands relate
existing planned prospectspricebull cost of operationbull ease of operationbull availabilitybull maintainability amp dismantling
high-techbeam energybeam currentbeam quality
econ
omy
tech
niqu
e
psychology
standpoint and limits
bull most common demand CW beamsbull remaining technology of first choice
Hndash cyclotron
bull limits due to nature of Hndash ndash energy fundamental contradiction
ndash intensity ion sources
standpoint and limits
bull limits intrinsically due to cyclotron ndash energy focussingndash intensity space chargendash reliability
PET isotope production
bull requestsndash lt 20 MeV p 200 μA ( )ndash d-beam from same machinendash multi-beam extraction
bull no doubt about technologyndash cyclotron RTndash accelerate Hndash Dndash
ndash 2 internal ion sources
PET isotope production
bull competitive market ldquoclassicalrdquomarketing problemsndash economical optimisationndash reproducibility in manufacturingndash optimize reliabilityndash high-tech aspect
bull no accelerator technology challenge
PET isotope production
industryresearch isotope production
bull requestsndash 14 MeV p gt 2 mA Pdndash 30 MeV p gt 12 mA general purpose
bull present technology RT cyclotronndash H+ with self-extractionndash Hndash with stripping extractionsatisfying for now but both reaching their
intensity limits
industryresearch isotope production
bull future is technically challengingndash upgrading the present solutionsif intensity demands continue risingndash start looking beyond cyclotron limits
bull competitive marketndash economical optimisation
protontherapy
bull requestsndash 230 ndash 250 MeV p few nA of beam delivered
to patient unchangedbull technology
ndash Hndash now excluded H+
ndash borderline region several technical answers
bull RT cyclotron (IBA)bull SC cyclotron (Accel)bull synchrotron (Hitachi)
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
Introduction
bull new demands lead to new technical solutions
bull research placed in present European political context (rules) ndash funded research projects organized in IP
bull research institutesbull universitiesbull industrial companies
ndash industrial approach from start
Introduction
bull discussion organized around the applications of accelerators from an industrial point of view (ldquosmallrdquoaccelerators)ndash researchndash medicalndash industryndash hellip
application domains
hadrons electrons
existingbull PET (hospital based)bull medical isotope productionbull p-therapy
material irradiation
plannedbull BNCTbull C-therapy
food irradiation
future prospectscontinuous fast n-productionbull withoutbull with
safety
multiplication
aspectsTo what aspects of the commercial product lsquoacceleratorrsquo do the
customersrsquo demands relate
existing planned prospectspricebull cost of operationbull ease of operationbull availabilitybull maintainability amp dismantling
high-techbeam energybeam currentbeam quality
econ
omy
tech
niqu
e
psychology
standpoint and limits
bull most common demand CW beamsbull remaining technology of first choice
Hndash cyclotron
bull limits due to nature of Hndash ndash energy fundamental contradiction
ndash intensity ion sources
standpoint and limits
bull limits intrinsically due to cyclotron ndash energy focussingndash intensity space chargendash reliability
PET isotope production
bull requestsndash lt 20 MeV p 200 μA ( )ndash d-beam from same machinendash multi-beam extraction
bull no doubt about technologyndash cyclotron RTndash accelerate Hndash Dndash
ndash 2 internal ion sources
PET isotope production
bull competitive market ldquoclassicalrdquomarketing problemsndash economical optimisationndash reproducibility in manufacturingndash optimize reliabilityndash high-tech aspect
bull no accelerator technology challenge
PET isotope production
industryresearch isotope production
bull requestsndash 14 MeV p gt 2 mA Pdndash 30 MeV p gt 12 mA general purpose
bull present technology RT cyclotronndash H+ with self-extractionndash Hndash with stripping extractionsatisfying for now but both reaching their
intensity limits
industryresearch isotope production
bull future is technically challengingndash upgrading the present solutionsif intensity demands continue risingndash start looking beyond cyclotron limits
bull competitive marketndash economical optimisation
protontherapy
bull requestsndash 230 ndash 250 MeV p few nA of beam delivered
to patient unchangedbull technology
ndash Hndash now excluded H+
ndash borderline region several technical answers
bull RT cyclotron (IBA)bull SC cyclotron (Accel)bull synchrotron (Hitachi)
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
Introduction
bull discussion organized around the applications of accelerators from an industrial point of view (ldquosmallrdquoaccelerators)ndash researchndash medicalndash industryndash hellip
application domains
hadrons electrons
existingbull PET (hospital based)bull medical isotope productionbull p-therapy
material irradiation
plannedbull BNCTbull C-therapy
food irradiation
future prospectscontinuous fast n-productionbull withoutbull with
safety
multiplication
aspectsTo what aspects of the commercial product lsquoacceleratorrsquo do the
customersrsquo demands relate
existing planned prospectspricebull cost of operationbull ease of operationbull availabilitybull maintainability amp dismantling
high-techbeam energybeam currentbeam quality
econ
omy
tech
niqu
e
psychology
standpoint and limits
bull most common demand CW beamsbull remaining technology of first choice
Hndash cyclotron
bull limits due to nature of Hndash ndash energy fundamental contradiction
ndash intensity ion sources
standpoint and limits
bull limits intrinsically due to cyclotron ndash energy focussingndash intensity space chargendash reliability
PET isotope production
bull requestsndash lt 20 MeV p 200 μA ( )ndash d-beam from same machinendash multi-beam extraction
bull no doubt about technologyndash cyclotron RTndash accelerate Hndash Dndash
ndash 2 internal ion sources
PET isotope production
bull competitive market ldquoclassicalrdquomarketing problemsndash economical optimisationndash reproducibility in manufacturingndash optimize reliabilityndash high-tech aspect
bull no accelerator technology challenge
PET isotope production
industryresearch isotope production
bull requestsndash 14 MeV p gt 2 mA Pdndash 30 MeV p gt 12 mA general purpose
bull present technology RT cyclotronndash H+ with self-extractionndash Hndash with stripping extractionsatisfying for now but both reaching their
intensity limits
industryresearch isotope production
bull future is technically challengingndash upgrading the present solutionsif intensity demands continue risingndash start looking beyond cyclotron limits
bull competitive marketndash economical optimisation
protontherapy
bull requestsndash 230 ndash 250 MeV p few nA of beam delivered
to patient unchangedbull technology
ndash Hndash now excluded H+
ndash borderline region several technical answers
bull RT cyclotron (IBA)bull SC cyclotron (Accel)bull synchrotron (Hitachi)
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
application domains
hadrons electrons
existingbull PET (hospital based)bull medical isotope productionbull p-therapy
material irradiation
plannedbull BNCTbull C-therapy
food irradiation
future prospectscontinuous fast n-productionbull withoutbull with
safety
multiplication
aspectsTo what aspects of the commercial product lsquoacceleratorrsquo do the
customersrsquo demands relate
existing planned prospectspricebull cost of operationbull ease of operationbull availabilitybull maintainability amp dismantling
high-techbeam energybeam currentbeam quality
econ
omy
tech
niqu
e
psychology
standpoint and limits
bull most common demand CW beamsbull remaining technology of first choice
Hndash cyclotron
bull limits due to nature of Hndash ndash energy fundamental contradiction
ndash intensity ion sources
standpoint and limits
bull limits intrinsically due to cyclotron ndash energy focussingndash intensity space chargendash reliability
PET isotope production
bull requestsndash lt 20 MeV p 200 μA ( )ndash d-beam from same machinendash multi-beam extraction
bull no doubt about technologyndash cyclotron RTndash accelerate Hndash Dndash
ndash 2 internal ion sources
PET isotope production
bull competitive market ldquoclassicalrdquomarketing problemsndash economical optimisationndash reproducibility in manufacturingndash optimize reliabilityndash high-tech aspect
bull no accelerator technology challenge
PET isotope production
industryresearch isotope production
bull requestsndash 14 MeV p gt 2 mA Pdndash 30 MeV p gt 12 mA general purpose
bull present technology RT cyclotronndash H+ with self-extractionndash Hndash with stripping extractionsatisfying for now but both reaching their
intensity limits
industryresearch isotope production
bull future is technically challengingndash upgrading the present solutionsif intensity demands continue risingndash start looking beyond cyclotron limits
bull competitive marketndash economical optimisation
protontherapy
bull requestsndash 230 ndash 250 MeV p few nA of beam delivered
to patient unchangedbull technology
ndash Hndash now excluded H+
ndash borderline region several technical answers
bull RT cyclotron (IBA)bull SC cyclotron (Accel)bull synchrotron (Hitachi)
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
aspectsTo what aspects of the commercial product lsquoacceleratorrsquo do the
customersrsquo demands relate
existing planned prospectspricebull cost of operationbull ease of operationbull availabilitybull maintainability amp dismantling
high-techbeam energybeam currentbeam quality
econ
omy
tech
niqu
e
psychology
standpoint and limits
bull most common demand CW beamsbull remaining technology of first choice
Hndash cyclotron
bull limits due to nature of Hndash ndash energy fundamental contradiction
ndash intensity ion sources
standpoint and limits
bull limits intrinsically due to cyclotron ndash energy focussingndash intensity space chargendash reliability
PET isotope production
bull requestsndash lt 20 MeV p 200 μA ( )ndash d-beam from same machinendash multi-beam extraction
bull no doubt about technologyndash cyclotron RTndash accelerate Hndash Dndash
ndash 2 internal ion sources
PET isotope production
bull competitive market ldquoclassicalrdquomarketing problemsndash economical optimisationndash reproducibility in manufacturingndash optimize reliabilityndash high-tech aspect
bull no accelerator technology challenge
PET isotope production
industryresearch isotope production
bull requestsndash 14 MeV p gt 2 mA Pdndash 30 MeV p gt 12 mA general purpose
bull present technology RT cyclotronndash H+ with self-extractionndash Hndash with stripping extractionsatisfying for now but both reaching their
intensity limits
industryresearch isotope production
bull future is technically challengingndash upgrading the present solutionsif intensity demands continue risingndash start looking beyond cyclotron limits
bull competitive marketndash economical optimisation
protontherapy
bull requestsndash 230 ndash 250 MeV p few nA of beam delivered
to patient unchangedbull technology
ndash Hndash now excluded H+
ndash borderline region several technical answers
bull RT cyclotron (IBA)bull SC cyclotron (Accel)bull synchrotron (Hitachi)
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
standpoint and limits
bull most common demand CW beamsbull remaining technology of first choice
Hndash cyclotron
bull limits due to nature of Hndash ndash energy fundamental contradiction
ndash intensity ion sources
standpoint and limits
bull limits intrinsically due to cyclotron ndash energy focussingndash intensity space chargendash reliability
PET isotope production
bull requestsndash lt 20 MeV p 200 μA ( )ndash d-beam from same machinendash multi-beam extraction
bull no doubt about technologyndash cyclotron RTndash accelerate Hndash Dndash
ndash 2 internal ion sources
PET isotope production
bull competitive market ldquoclassicalrdquomarketing problemsndash economical optimisationndash reproducibility in manufacturingndash optimize reliabilityndash high-tech aspect
bull no accelerator technology challenge
PET isotope production
industryresearch isotope production
bull requestsndash 14 MeV p gt 2 mA Pdndash 30 MeV p gt 12 mA general purpose
bull present technology RT cyclotronndash H+ with self-extractionndash Hndash with stripping extractionsatisfying for now but both reaching their
intensity limits
industryresearch isotope production
bull future is technically challengingndash upgrading the present solutionsif intensity demands continue risingndash start looking beyond cyclotron limits
bull competitive marketndash economical optimisation
protontherapy
bull requestsndash 230 ndash 250 MeV p few nA of beam delivered
to patient unchangedbull technology
ndash Hndash now excluded H+
ndash borderline region several technical answers
bull RT cyclotron (IBA)bull SC cyclotron (Accel)bull synchrotron (Hitachi)
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
standpoint and limits
bull limits intrinsically due to cyclotron ndash energy focussingndash intensity space chargendash reliability
PET isotope production
bull requestsndash lt 20 MeV p 200 μA ( )ndash d-beam from same machinendash multi-beam extraction
bull no doubt about technologyndash cyclotron RTndash accelerate Hndash Dndash
ndash 2 internal ion sources
PET isotope production
bull competitive market ldquoclassicalrdquomarketing problemsndash economical optimisationndash reproducibility in manufacturingndash optimize reliabilityndash high-tech aspect
bull no accelerator technology challenge
PET isotope production
industryresearch isotope production
bull requestsndash 14 MeV p gt 2 mA Pdndash 30 MeV p gt 12 mA general purpose
bull present technology RT cyclotronndash H+ with self-extractionndash Hndash with stripping extractionsatisfying for now but both reaching their
intensity limits
industryresearch isotope production
bull future is technically challengingndash upgrading the present solutionsif intensity demands continue risingndash start looking beyond cyclotron limits
bull competitive marketndash economical optimisation
protontherapy
bull requestsndash 230 ndash 250 MeV p few nA of beam delivered
to patient unchangedbull technology
ndash Hndash now excluded H+
ndash borderline region several technical answers
bull RT cyclotron (IBA)bull SC cyclotron (Accel)bull synchrotron (Hitachi)
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
PET isotope production
bull requestsndash lt 20 MeV p 200 μA ( )ndash d-beam from same machinendash multi-beam extraction
bull no doubt about technologyndash cyclotron RTndash accelerate Hndash Dndash
ndash 2 internal ion sources
PET isotope production
bull competitive market ldquoclassicalrdquomarketing problemsndash economical optimisationndash reproducibility in manufacturingndash optimize reliabilityndash high-tech aspect
bull no accelerator technology challenge
PET isotope production
industryresearch isotope production
bull requestsndash 14 MeV p gt 2 mA Pdndash 30 MeV p gt 12 mA general purpose
bull present technology RT cyclotronndash H+ with self-extractionndash Hndash with stripping extractionsatisfying for now but both reaching their
intensity limits
industryresearch isotope production
bull future is technically challengingndash upgrading the present solutionsif intensity demands continue risingndash start looking beyond cyclotron limits
bull competitive marketndash economical optimisation
protontherapy
bull requestsndash 230 ndash 250 MeV p few nA of beam delivered
to patient unchangedbull technology
ndash Hndash now excluded H+
ndash borderline region several technical answers
bull RT cyclotron (IBA)bull SC cyclotron (Accel)bull synchrotron (Hitachi)
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
PET isotope production
bull competitive market ldquoclassicalrdquomarketing problemsndash economical optimisationndash reproducibility in manufacturingndash optimize reliabilityndash high-tech aspect
bull no accelerator technology challenge
PET isotope production
industryresearch isotope production
bull requestsndash 14 MeV p gt 2 mA Pdndash 30 MeV p gt 12 mA general purpose
bull present technology RT cyclotronndash H+ with self-extractionndash Hndash with stripping extractionsatisfying for now but both reaching their
intensity limits
industryresearch isotope production
bull future is technically challengingndash upgrading the present solutionsif intensity demands continue risingndash start looking beyond cyclotron limits
bull competitive marketndash economical optimisation
protontherapy
bull requestsndash 230 ndash 250 MeV p few nA of beam delivered
to patient unchangedbull technology
ndash Hndash now excluded H+
ndash borderline region several technical answers
bull RT cyclotron (IBA)bull SC cyclotron (Accel)bull synchrotron (Hitachi)
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
PET isotope production
industryresearch isotope production
bull requestsndash 14 MeV p gt 2 mA Pdndash 30 MeV p gt 12 mA general purpose
bull present technology RT cyclotronndash H+ with self-extractionndash Hndash with stripping extractionsatisfying for now but both reaching their
intensity limits
industryresearch isotope production
bull future is technically challengingndash upgrading the present solutionsif intensity demands continue risingndash start looking beyond cyclotron limits
bull competitive marketndash economical optimisation
protontherapy
bull requestsndash 230 ndash 250 MeV p few nA of beam delivered
to patient unchangedbull technology
ndash Hndash now excluded H+
ndash borderline region several technical answers
bull RT cyclotron (IBA)bull SC cyclotron (Accel)bull synchrotron (Hitachi)
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
industryresearch isotope production
bull requestsndash 14 MeV p gt 2 mA Pdndash 30 MeV p gt 12 mA general purpose
bull present technology RT cyclotronndash H+ with self-extractionndash Hndash with stripping extractionsatisfying for now but both reaching their
intensity limits
industryresearch isotope production
bull future is technically challengingndash upgrading the present solutionsif intensity demands continue risingndash start looking beyond cyclotron limits
bull competitive marketndash economical optimisation
protontherapy
bull requestsndash 230 ndash 250 MeV p few nA of beam delivered
to patient unchangedbull technology
ndash Hndash now excluded H+
ndash borderline region several technical answers
bull RT cyclotron (IBA)bull SC cyclotron (Accel)bull synchrotron (Hitachi)
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
industryresearch isotope production
bull future is technically challengingndash upgrading the present solutionsif intensity demands continue risingndash start looking beyond cyclotron limits
bull competitive marketndash economical optimisation
protontherapy
bull requestsndash 230 ndash 250 MeV p few nA of beam delivered
to patient unchangedbull technology
ndash Hndash now excluded H+
ndash borderline region several technical answers
bull RT cyclotron (IBA)bull SC cyclotron (Accel)bull synchrotron (Hitachi)
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
protontherapy
bull requestsndash 230 ndash 250 MeV p few nA of beam delivered
to patient unchangedbull technology
ndash Hndash now excluded H+
ndash borderline region several technical answers
bull RT cyclotron (IBA)bull SC cyclotron (Accel)bull synchrotron (Hitachi)
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
protontherapy
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
protontherapy
bull no new technologybull competition of coexisting technologies
marketing problemsbull but PT is much more than an
accelerator hellip
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
protontherapy
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
protontherapy
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
protontherapy
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
C-therapy
bull not new already applied esp Japan (HIMAC Chiba since 1993)
bull HICAT European installation at GSI
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
C-therapy
bull now seems to emerge on European marketplace
bull like p-th low intensity beamsbull unlike p-th energy scale 400 AMeV
Bρ = 64 Tm 235 Tmbull accelerated ion fully stripped C
ECR ion source
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
C-therapy
bull choice of accelerator1 synchrotron all existing projects use it2 cyclotron SC
+ CW compact size (price)ndash fixed energy
bull synchrondash standard technologyndash to be made ldquoindustry-standardrdquo
bull cyclondash extrapolation of existing high level technology
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
C-therapy
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
C-therapy
bull more than acceleratorndash transport linendash treatment room
bull fixedbull gantry 64 Tm depart from isocentric
bull RampD topicsndash acceptable gantry designndash rotating SC magnets
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
future trends in modelling
bull EM modelling tools todayndash design CAD tool using the ACIS kernelndash meshing fully automatic 3Dndash solver FE FDndash post-processor
bull demandsndash 3D accuracy of former 2D levelndash independent on mesh (at constant size)ndash ldquofullrdquo models
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
future trends in modelling
bull how handle more mesh points
use massive memory and computing powerbull another demand optimisation
combinebull upgraded modelling toolsbull new optimisation algorithmsbull massive computing power clusters
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
neutron applicationsbull several projects need neutronsbull traditional neutron sources
ndash research reactors tend to disappearndash miss flexibility
bull common needsndash currentndash CW
future trend
use of accelerators for neutron production
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
BNCT
bull what is it what is needed
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
BNCT
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
BNCT
Accelerator-based BNCT System
Acceleratedprotons Target
Primaryneutrons
Moderatorassembly Epithermal
neutronsHead
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
BNCT
beam 28 MeV 20 mA CW
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
BNCT the CW accelerator
bull recall limits 20 mAbull choices
ndash electrostaticbull bulkybull reliablebull readily available
ndash RFQbull inefficientbull CW just coming up
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
BNCT the CW accelerator
ndash RFQ + linac sectionbull lowest possible linac injection energybull new developments
ndash SC RFQbull dream for the future
bull donrsquot forget the targetndash reaction (p7Li rarr 7Ben)ndash Li-target gt 50 kW challenge
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
fast neutron production
bull spallation reactionndash heavy targetndash useful energy gt 150 MeV lt 1 GeVndash high intensityndash trade-off energyintensityndash beam power domains and corresponding targets
bull ( 10rsquos of kW research )bull MW range
ndash direct use no multiplicationndash with multiplication ndash subcritical reactor
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
Myrrha
bull small scale ldquoADSrdquo ~ 50 MWth
bull beam 350 MeV 5 mA 175 MWbull experiment on the way to an
industrial transmuterbull target liquid Pb-Bi in the centre
of matrix of fuel elements
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
subcritical reactor demands
bull continuous rarr cyclotron linacbull energy 350 ndash 600 MeV hellip 1 GeVbull intensity 5 ndash 6 mA hellip 10 mA
bull + ldquoextremely highrdquo reliabilityndash expressed in beam trips gt 1 sndash typically 2 orders of magnitude better than
usual
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
reliabilitybull why
ndash thermal cyclingndash reactor operation
bull howndash reduce MTBF
bull redundancybull downratingbull stay away from limits
ndash fault tolerancebull modularitybull design
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
the accelerator
bull cyclotron is not able to fulfil the demandsndash too close to limitsndash cannot be made fault tolerant
bull CW linac is solution of choicendash much higher beam current limitndash straightforward energy increasendash fundamentally modularndash can be made fault tolerant
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
the XADS accelerator
redundancy modularity
with missing element scheme
Schematic fault tolerant XADS linac
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
the RampD program
bull FP6 IP EUROTRANSbull objectives
ndash focus on reliabilityndash experimental approach on single modulesndash SC as early as possiblendash take over from RFQ as early as possible
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
the RampD program
bull low energy ECR ion source + RFQ
bull high energy (gt 100 MeV) elliptical SC cavities
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
the RampD program
bull intermediate energy1 gt X spoke SC cavities
ndash 2-gapndash modular
2 lt X H-type structuresndash multigapndash CH SCndash IH RT
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
electrons
bull irradiation of materialsNO ACTIVATION lt 10 MeV
bull X-ray conversion inefficienthigh power
bull rhodotronndash compactndash efficient coaxial cavity recirculatingndash TT100 TT300 TT1000 700 kW beam power
bull no new demands foreseeable
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
conclusion
25 types of future trendsndash future machines for existing applications
bull accelerator = standard high-tech componentbull evolution economical amp commercial lawsbull known techniques are upgraded and
ldquoindustrialisedrdquondash future machines for future applications
bull neutronsbull new demands needing new solutionsbull high power in CW
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
conclusionbull reliability never achievedbull CW efficiency SC
ndash HI-therapy questionsbull take-off bull coexisting technologies
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
personal final conclusion
future of new ldquosmallrdquo accelerators
bull neutrons
bull SC linear accelerators
bull heavily depending on political choices
- Future trends
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction
- application domains
- aspects
- standpoint and limits
- standpoint and limits
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- PET isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- industryresearch isotope production
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- protontherapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- C-therapy
- future trends in modelling
- future trends in modelling
- neutron applications
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- BNCT the CW accelerator
- fast neutron production
- Myrrha
- subcritical reactor demands
- reliability
- the accelerator
- the XADS accelerator
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- the RampD program
- electrons
- conclusion
- conclusion
- personal final conclusion
-
