DIRECTORATE OF DOCTRINE AND JOINT TRAINING

DIRECTORATE OF DOCTRINE AND JOINT TRAINING

LANGUAGE INSTITUTE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE MONTHLY PERIODICAL

March 2011

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUBJECT PAGE1. TIME CLAUSES 3

2. القوات وتشكيالت وحدات بعض اسماءاالنجليزية و العربية باللغتين المسلحة 6

3. TYPES OF VERBS 94. IDIOMS AND EXPRESSION 115. TERMINOLOGY USED IN THE

LANGUAGE OF THE MILITARY 12

6. TRANSLATION 137. TEST YOUR ENGLISH 15

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Time Clauses Using Before, After, While and When

We use these words (before, after, while and when) to introduce time clauses to tell when something happens.Rudy washed the floor before he watched the soccer match. Rudy washed the floor after the soccer match. Rudy washed the floor when the soccer match ended. Rudy washed the floor while he was watching the soccer match.

In all of these cases, Rudy washed the floor. However, we have to look at the time clauses to see when the floor was washed.

In all of these examples, the main (independent) clause is "Rudy washed the floor". The time clause simply states the relationship of other actions (watching the soccer match) to the activity in the main clause.Let's analyze the time sequence--with another example. The phone rang after we ate dinner. (First we ate our meal, and then the phone rang.)The phone rang before we ate dinner. (First the phone rang, and then we ate.) The phone rang when we started dinner. Also: The phone rang as we ate dinner. (We started to eat and the phone rang at the same time.) The phone rang while we were eating dinner. Also: The phone rang as we were eating dinner. (This is the same as above, but with the progressive tense [-ing]).

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Time clauses:

before he watched the soccer match

after the soccer match when the soccer match

ended while he was watching the

soccer match

Cause and Effect You can use when or after to explain some cause and effect situations.Effect: He got a flat tire (puncture). Cause: He ran over some glass. He got a flat tire after he ran over some glass. After he ran over some glass, he got a flat tire.

Cause: It rained. Effect: Our paint job was ruined. When it rained, our paint job was ruined. Our paint job was ruined when it rained.

Combine the following sentences using the conjunction that is provided.

1. Rosalie studied very hard. She took the exam on Thursday. (before)

2. Angus was thoroughly exhausted. He ran the Boston Marathon (26 miles). (after)

3. The doorbell rang. Brian was taking a shower. (when or while)

4. Jonathan was eating his dinner of pork chops and beans. He was watching the news on TV. (when or while)

5. Giles was backing into a parking space. He heard a crunch. (when or while)

Now supply the conjunction: before, after, when, while 1. The CAO had heard the orchestra several times.

He invited them to play at the Independence Day concert. 2. Jennifer had a date with Charles.

She thought she was falling in love. 3. Christie cried for weeks.

Her mother died. 4. Aaron was eating dinner.

Caroline called to ask about the assignment. 5. Sean had to stay home for three weeks.

He injured his back of 17

ANSWERS1. Rosalie studied very hard before she took the exam on Thursday.

Before she took the exam on Thursday, she studied very hard. 2. Angus was thoroughly exhausted after he ran the Boston Marathon.

After he ran the Boston Marathon, Angus was thoroughly exhausted. 3. The doorbell rang while Brian was taking a shower.

Brian was taking a shower when the doorbell rang. While Brian was taking a shower, the doorbell rang. When the doorbell rang, Brian was taking a shower.

4. While he was watching the news on TV, Jonathan was eating his dinner of pork chops and beans. Jonathan was eating his dinner of pork chops and beans while he was watching the news on TV.

5. Giles was backing into a parking space when he heard a crunch. While Giles was backing into his parking space, he heard a crunch.

Now you supply the conjunction: before, after, when, while 6. The CAO invited the orchestra to play at the Independence Day concert after he had heard them several times. After the CAO had heard the orchestra several times, he asked them to play at the Independence Day concert. 7. After Jennifer had a date with Charles, she thought she was falling in love. Jennifer thought she was falling in love after she had a date with Charles. 8. Christie cried for weeks when her mother died. After her mother died, Christie cried for weeks. 9. Aaron was eating dinner when Caroline called to ask about the assignment. Caroline called to ask about the assignment while Aaron was eating dinner. While Aaron was eating dinner, Caroline called to ask about the assignment. 10. Sean had to stay home for three weeks after he injured his back. After he injured his back, Sean had to stay home for three weeks.

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المسلحة القوات وتشكيالت وحدات بعض اسماءاالنجليزية و العربية باللغتين

العربية ت باللغة االنجليزية التسميه باللغة التسميهالمشتركه 1 االركان هيئة Chairman Joint chiefs of staffرئيس

الملكيه 2 الطبيه الخدمات Directorate of Royal Medical Servicesمديرية

المشتركه 3 االركان هيئة رئيس Chairman Joint chiefs of staff Deputyنائب

االردني 4 الملكي الجغرافي Royal Jordanian Geographic Centerالمركز

العسكريه 5 المساحه Directorate of Military Surveyمديرية

اللوجستي 6 االسناد هيئة Logistics Support chief of staffرئيس

االستراتيجي 7 التخطيط هيئة Strategic Planning chief of staffرئيس

والتدريب 8 العمليات هيئة Operation and Training chief of staffرئيس

االستخبارات 9 هيئة Intelligence chief of staffرئيس

البشرية 10 القوى هيئة Personnel chief of staffرئيس

الملكيه 11 واالركان القياده كليةRoyal Jordanian command and staff collegeاالردنيه

االردنيه 12 الملكيه الوطني الدفاع Royal Jordanian National Defense Collegeكلية

الملكيه 13 البحريه القوه Royal Jordanian Navel Forceقيادة

الملكي 14 الجو Royal Jordanian Air forceسالح

الشرقية 15 العسكرية Eastern Military Commandالمنطقة

الشمالية 16 العسكرية Northern Military Commandالمنطقة

الجنوبية 17 العسكرية Southern Military Commandالمنطقة

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الوسطى 18 العسكرية Central Military Commandالمنطقة

المعنوي 20 التوجيه Directorate of Morale Guidanceمديرية

االستراتيجي 20 التخطيط Directorate of Strategic Planningمديرية

العسكرية 21 االستخبارات Directorate of Military Intelligenceمديرية

الدولية 22 الشؤون Directorate of International Affairsمديرية

والتزويداللوجستي 23 مديريةالتخطيطالمشترك

Directorate of Planning and Joint Logistic Supply

المشترك 24 والتدريب العقيدة Directorate of Doctrine and Joint Trainingمديرية

الملكي 25 الصيانة سالح Royal Maintenance Corps Commandقيادة

االركان 26 هيئة رئاسة مديريةDirectorate of Joint Chiefs of Staffالمشتركة

المراسم 27 Protocol Branchشعبه

العامه 28 العالقات Public Relations Branchشعبه

العسكري 29 االنتاج Directorate of Military Productionمديريه

الدفاعية 30 المشتريات Directorate of Defensive Procurementمديريه

المشتركة 31 العمليات Directorate of Joint Operationsمديرية

الملكي 32 والنقل التموين Royal Supply and Transportation Commandقياده

الثاني 33 عبدالله الملك اكاديميةالدفاعية لدراسات

King Abdullah II Academy for Defense Studies

واداره 34 الدفاعية الموارد هيئةاالستثمار

Defense Recourses and Investment Management Commission

والدفاعية 35 االمنيه الدراسات Department Of Security and Defense Studiesدائرة

الخاصه 36 91Special Battalion 91الكتيبه

واالتصاالت 37 وسيطرة القياده Directorate Of Command, Control andمديريةCommunication

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المعلومات 38 تكنولوجيا Directorate Of Information Technologyمديرية

39 / العمليات قيادة القناصين كتيبةSnipers Battalionالخاصة

الجوي 40 االنقاد و البحث Air Search and Rescue Unitوحدة

الخاصة 41 والمهام االسناد Support and Special Tasks Battalionكتيبة

42 / مديرية العسكري التجنيد مركزاالفراد Military Recruitment Centerشؤون

43 / شؤون ادارة والتمييز االبداع مركزالعسكريه Center Of Excellenceالمرأه

الغسكري 44 االرتباط مكتبموريتانيا/ Jordanian Military Liaison Officer- Mauritaniaاالردني

الملكي 45 الدبابات Royal Tanks Museumمتحف

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Types of Verbs It is extremely important to understand that NOT all English verbs are the same. English verbs are divided into three groups: Normal Verbs, Non-Continuous Verbs, and Mixed Verbs.Group I Normal VerbsMost verbs are "Normal Verbs." These verbs are usually physical actions which you can see somebody doing. These verbs can be used in all tenses.Normal Verbsto run, to walk, to eat, to fly, to go, to say, to touch, etc.Examples:

I eat dinner every day. I am eating dinner now.

Group II Non-Continuous VerbsThe second group, called "Non-Continuous Verbs," is smaller. These verbs are usually things you cannot see somebody doing. These verbs are rarely used in continuous tenses. They include:Abstract Verbsto be, to want, to cost, to seem, to need, to care, to contain, to owe, to exist...Possession Verbsto possess, to own, to belong...Emotion Verbsto like, to love, to hate, to dislike, to fear, to envy, to mind...Examples:

He is needing help now. Not Correct He needs help now. Correct He is wanting a drink now. Not Correct He wants a drink now. Correct

Group III Mixed VerbsThe third group, called "Mixed Verbs," is the smallest group. These verbs have more than one meaning. In a way, each meaning is a unique verb. Some meanings behave like "Non-Continuous Verbs," while other meanings behave like "Normal Verbs."

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Mixed Verbsto appear, to feel, to have, to hear, to look, to see, to weigh...List of Mixed Verbs with Examples and Definitions:to appear:

Donna appears confused. Non-Continuous VerbDonna seems confused.

My favorite singer is appearing at the jazz club tonight. Normal VerbMy favorite singer is giving a performance at the jazz club tonight.

to have: I have a dollar now. Non-Continuous Verb

I possess a dollar. I am having fun now. Normal Verb

I am experiencing fun now.to hear:

She hears the music. Non-Continuous VerbShe hears the music with her ears.

She is hearing voices. Normal VerbShe hears something others cannot hear. She is hearing voices in her mind.

to look: Nancy looks tired. Non-Continuous Verb

She seems tired. Farah is looking at the pictures. Normal Verb

She is looking with her eyes.to miss:

John misses Sally. Non-Continuous VerbHe is sad because she is not there.

Debbie is missing her favorite TV program. Normal VerbShe is not there to see her favorite program.

to see: I see her. Non-Continuous Verb

I see her with my eyes. I am seeing the doctor. Normal Verb

I am visiting or consulting with a doctor. (Also used with dentist and lawyer.)

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I am seeing her. Normal VerbI am having a relationship with her.

He is seeing ghosts at night. Normal VerbHe sees something others cannot see. For example ghosts, aura, a vision of the future, etc.

to smell: The coffee smells good. Non-Continuous Verb

The coffee has a good smell. I am smelling the flowers. Normal Verb

I am sniffing the flowers to see what their smell is like.to taste:

The coffee tastes good. Non-Continuous VerbThe coffee has a good taste.

I am tasting the cake. Normal VerbI am trying the cake to see what it tastes like.

to think: He thinks the test is easy. Non-Continuous Verb

He considers the test to be easy. She is thinking about the question. Normal Verb

She is pondering the question, going over it in her mind.to weigh:

The table weighs a lot. Non-Continuous VerbThe table is heavy.

She is weighing herself. Normal VerbShe is determining her weight.

Some Verbs Can Be Especially Confusing:to be:

Joe is American. Non-Continuous VerbJoe is an American citizen.

Joe is being very American. Normal VerbJoe is behaving like a stereotypical American.

Joe is being very rude. Normal VerbJoe is behaving very rudely. Usually he is not rude.

Joe is being very formal. Normal VerbJoe is behaving very formally. Usually he is not formal.

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IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONG Gardens are not made by

sitting in the shade. Nothing is achieved without effort.

Give someone an inch and they will take a mile (or yard).

Give someone a little and they will want more - some people are never satisfied.

Give someone enough rope and they will hang themselves.

Give someone enough time and freedom and they will get into trouble.

God helps those who help themselves.

Good and quickly seldom meet.

A well-done job takes time.

Great oaks grow from little acorns.

Large successful operations can begin in a small way.

Grief divided is made lighter

H

Half a loaf is better than none.

You should be grateful for something, even if it's not as much as you wanted.

Hard words break no bones.

Haste makes waste. If something is done too quickly, it may be done carelessly and need to be redone.

Hatred is a blind as love. A person who feels hatred does not see any qualities in the person he/she hates.

He who hesitates is lost. If you delay your decision too long, you may miss a good opportunity.

He who is everywhere is nowhere.

It's not good to do too many things at the same time.

He who knows nothing, doubts nothing.

Knowledge leads us to make choices.

He who pays the piper The person who provides the of 17

calls the tune. money for something should control how it is spent

TERMINOLOGY USED IN THE LANGUAGE OF THE MILITARY

1. About turn در الخلف الى2. Above ground level االرض سطح مستوى فوق

3. Accessory defense اضافي دفاع

4. Ache - hour الصفر ساعة

5. Action at halts التوقف عند العمل6. Actual practice against / on enemy العدو على حقيقية رماية

7. Administrative loading إداري تحميل

8. Advance speed التقدم سرعة9. Advanced position متقدم موقع10. Advanced section أسلحة أمامي قسم

االسناد

11. Aide memoire مفكّرة

12. Aiming position التسديد موضع

13. Air-movement plan جوي نقل خطة

14. Air-operations centre الجوية العمليات مركز

15. Air-traffic area الجوية الحركة منطقة

16. Air-traffic control الحركة على السيطرة الجوية

17. Air - mobile operations جًو محمولة عمليات

18. Air - land operation برجويّة عملية

19. Air drop جوي انزال20. Air force الجو سالح21. Air lift جوي نقل

22. Air movement جوية حركة

23. Air support request الجـألوية المساندة طلب24. Air supremacy جوي تفـآلوق25. Air target جوي هدف

26. Airborne troops جّـوا منقولة قطعات

27. Aircraft crew member الطائرة طاقم عضو

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28. Aircraft touchdown time التماس لحظة

29. Airlift control elements على السيطرة مجموعةالجوي النقل

30. Airlift operations centre النقل عمليات مركز الجوي

TRANSLATION(From His Majesty’s Speech before the Congress)

Yes, my friends, today I must speak. I cannot be silent.Sixty years of Palestinian dispossession, forty years under occupation, a stop-and-go peace process, all this has left a bitter legacy of disappointment and despair, on all sides. It is time to create a new and different legacy, one that begins right now; one that can set a positive tone for the American and Middle East relationship; one that can restore hope to our region’s people, to your people, and to the people of this precious world. Nothing can achieve that more effectively, nothing can assert America’s moral vision more clearly, nothing can reach and teach the world’s youth more directly, than your leadership in a peace process that delivers results not next year, not in five years, but this year.

How do we get there? Not by a solution imposed by one side. A lasting peace can only be built on understanding, agreement and compromise. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------الصمت التزام استطيع ال النني اليوم اتكلم ان علي يجب

االحتالل، تحت ً عاما وأربعون الفلسطيني، الحرمان على مرت ً عاما ستون - خيبة من ً مّرا ً إرثا ترك بمجمله األمر وهذا مكانها تراوح سالم وعملية . جديد إرٍث إليجاد الوقت حان وقد األطراف جميع لدى واليأس األمل

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األمريكية العالقة في إيجابية نغمة ويُدْخل اآلن من يبدأ إرٍث مختلف،وإلى منطقتنا، في الناس إلى األمل بسمة يُعيد إرٍث أوسطية؛ الشرق . تحقيق يمكنه ما هناك وليس العالم هذا في الناس وإلى بالدكم، في الناسبصورة األخالقية أمريكا رؤية تأكيد يمكنه ما هناك وليس أكثر، بفعالية ذلكبشكل ويعلمهم العالم شباب مع يتواصل أن يمكنه ما هناك وليس أوضح،

وال القادم، العام ال نتائج تحقق سالم عملية قيادتكم من أكثر مباشر،. العام هذا ولكن القادمة، الخمسة األعوام

بحل ليس قطعا واإلجابة هناك؟ إلى نصل أن يمكن كيف هو هنا والسؤال . واالتفاق التفاهم على فقط يُبْنى الدائم فالسالم واحد جانب يفرضه

والتسوياتTEST YOUR VOCABULARY

Complete each sentence with the best available word.

1. Though most explicitly sexist words have been replaced by gender-neutral terms, sexism thrives in the ___________of many words.

a) indistinctnessb) similitudec) loquacityd) implicationse) obscurity

2. The aspiring candidate’s performance in the debate all but ___________ any hope he may have had of winning the election.

a) nullifiesb) encouragesc) guaranteesd) accentuatese) contains

3. She is the most ___________ person I have ever met, seemingly with an endless reserve of energy.

a) jejuneb) vivaciousc) solicitousd) impudente) indolent

4. Despite all its ___________ , a stint in the diplomatic core is invariably an uplifting experience.

a) meritsb) compensationc) effectivenessd) rigorse) mediocrity

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5. Robert Williams’ style of writing has an air of ___________ : just when you think the story line is predictable, he suddenly takes a different direction. Although this is often the mark of a beginner, Williams pulls it off masterfully.

a) ineptnessb) indignationc) reserved) jollitye) capriciousness

6. Liharev talks about being both a nihilist and an atheist during his life, yet he never does ___________ faith in God.

a) affirmb) losec) scornd) avere) supplicate

7. Existentialism can be used to rationalize evil: if one does not like the rules of society and has no conscience, he may use existentialism as a means of ___________ a set of beliefs that are advantageous to him but injurious to others.

a) thwartingb) provingc) promotingd) justifyinge) impugning

8. These categories amply point out the fundamental desire that people have to express themselves and the cleverness they display in that expression; who would have believed that the drab, mundane DMV would become the ___________ such creativity?

a) catalyst forb) inhibitor ofc) disabler ofd) referee ofe) censor of

9. This argues well that Erikson exercised less free will than Warner; for even though Erikson was aware that he was misdirected, he was still unable to ___________ free will.

a) deferb) facilitatec) proscribed) prevente) exert

10. Man has no choice but to seek truth, he is made uncomfortable and frustrated without truth; thus, the quest for truth is part of what makes us ___________ .

a) noble

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b) differentc) humand) intelligente) aggressive

ANSWERS1. D2. A3. B4. D5. E6. A7. D8. A9. E10.C

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