Directorate-General for Energy and Transport Fostering RTD in the maritime periphery Dr. Eng.Gonzalo...

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport

Fostering RTD in the maritime periphery

Dr. Eng.Gonzalo MOLINA IGARTUAHead of Unit

Management of Energy RTD programmes

CPMR WORKING GROUP SEMINARENERGY FOR THE PERIPHERYPAMPLONA 5-6 OCTOBER 2006

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R&D – European weaknesses

EU-25

US Japan

R&D intensity (% of GDP) (3) 1.97 2.59 3.12

Share of R&D financed by industry (%) (2) 55.9 63.1 73.9

Researchers per thousand labour force (FTE) (3) 5.5 9.0 9.7

Share of world scientific publications (%) (3) 38.3 31.1 9.6

Scientific publications per million population (3) 639 809 569

Share of world triadic patents (%) (1) 31.5 34.3 26.9

Patents per million population (1) 30.5 53.1 92.6

High-tech exports as a share of total manufacturing exports (%) (3) 19.7 28.5 26.5

Share of world high-tech exports (%) (2) 16.7 20.0 10.6

Note: (1) 2000 data (2) 2002 data (3) 2003 data

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What’s new in FP7?

Main new elements compared to FP6:

• Annual budget increased: - for non nuclear energy: total 2264 M€ =

320 M€/year• Simplification of procedures• Logistical and administrative tasks

transferred to external structures

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Specific Programmes

Cooperation – Collaborative researchCooperation – Collaborative research

People – Human PotentialPeople – Human Potential

JRC (nuclear)JRC (nuclear)

Ideas – Frontier ResearchIdeas – Frontier Research

Capacities – Research CapacityCapacities – Research Capacity

JRC (non-nuclear)JRC (non-nuclear)

EuratomEuratom

+

FP7 2007 -2013

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9 Thematic Priorities1. Health

2. Food, agriculture and biotechnology

3. Information and communication technologies

4. Nanosciences, nanotechnologies, materials and new production technologies

5. Energy6. Environment (including climate change)

7. Transport (including aeronautics and maritime)

8. Socio-economic sciences and the humanities

9. Security and space+ Euratom: Fusion energy research, nuclear fission and radiation protection


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Collaborative research(Collaborative projects; Networks of Excellence; Coordination/support actions)

Collaborative research(Collaborative projects; Networks of Excellence; Coordination/support actions)

Joint Technology InitiativesJoint Technology Initiatives

Coordination of non-Community research programmes(ERA-NET; ERA-NET+; Article 169)

Coordination of non-Community research programmes(ERA-NET; ERA-NET+; Article 169)

International CooperationInternational Cooperation


• Under each theme there will be sufficient flexibility to addressboth Emerging needs and Unforeseen policy needs

• Dissemination of knowledge and transfer of results will be supported in all thematic areas

• Support will be implemented across all themes through:

Joint Technology Initiatives

Global Monitoring for Environment

and Security

Global Monitoring for Environment

and Security

Hydrogen and Fuel Cells for a Sustainable Energy

Future

Hydrogen and Fuel Cells for a Sustainable Energy

Future

Towards new Nanoelectronics

Approaches

Towards new Nanoelectronics

Approaches

Embedded systemsEmbedded systems

Aeronautics and Air Transport

Aeronautics and Air Transport

Innovative Medicines for the Citizens

of Europe

Innovative Medicines for the Citizens

of Europe

Other possible themes to be identified later…

More on Technology platforms and JTI

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5. Energy 5. Energy

OBJECTIVETransforming the current fossil-fuel based energy system into a more sustainable one

based on a diverse portfolio of energy sources and carriers combined with enhanced energy efficiency, to address the pressing challenges

of security of supply and climate change, whilst increasing the competitiveness of

Europe’s energy industries.

OBJECTIVETransforming the current fossil-fuel based energy system into a more sustainable one

based on a diverse portfolio of energy sources and carriers combined with enhanced energy efficiency, to address the pressing challenges

of security of supply and climate change, whilst increasing the competitiveness of

Europe’s energy industries.

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5. Energy 5. Energy

Hydrogen and fuel cellsHydrogen and fuel cells

Renewable electricity generationRenewable electricity generation

Renewable fuel productionRenewable fuel production

CO2 capture and storage techn. for zero emission generationCO2 capture and storage techn. for zero emission generation

Smart energy networksSmart energy networks

Energy efficiency and savingsEnergy efficiency and savings

Knowledge for energy policy makingKnowledge for energy policy making

Renewables for heating and coolingRenewables for heating and cooling

Clean coal technologiesClean coal technologies

More on Energy

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CIP and the renewed Lisbon

• A more attractive place to invest and work• Knowledge and innovation are the beating

heart of European growth• Allowing our businesses to create more and

better jobs

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Complementarities between FP7 and CIP

FP7-RTD CIP

• Funding of

projects

• Research, technological

development and demonstration

• Take-up of proven technologies: environmental, ICT and Energy-efficiency

• SMEs participation in Research

• Simplification• Definition of thematic

content• Specific schemes for SMEs

• Actions promoting SMEs participation in FP7

• Access to finance • « Risk Sharing Finance Facility » for large European RTD projects and infrastructures (with EIB)

• Risk capital (start-up and expansion)

• SMEs Guarantee facility• SMEs loan securitisation

• Dissemination of knowledge

• Within projects• In thematic areas

• Networks providing innovation support services

• Regions • Research driven clusters • Innovation clusters

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Intelligent Energy Projects in the CIP

• Promotion and Dissemination, incl. awareness raising, education/training, networking, energy agencies, strategic studies for preparation/review of legislation, monitor implementation of regulatory framework

• Market Replication of just-proven technologies of European interest, bridging the gap between the demonstration and the mass deployment of innovative technologies

management assisted by Intelligent Energy Executive Agency

n° 13General Directorate for Energy and Transport

The relation between community instruments

Research Policy:Research Policy:Development of Development of

new technologiesnew technologies

Research Policy:Research Policy:Development of Development of

new technologiesnew technologies

Energy Policy:Energy Policy:To solve problems To solve problems and needs of societyand needs of society

Energy Policy:Energy Policy:To solve problems To solve problems and needs of societyand needs of society

Research and DevelopmentResearch and DevelopmentResearch and DevelopmentResearch and DevelopmentDemonstrationDemonstrationDemonstrationDemonstration

Long termLong termLong termLong termShort termShort termShort termShort term

DG RTDDG TREN

Medium termMedium term

IEEIEE

LEGISLATION

COST OF RESCOST OF RES

ECOBUILDINGSECOBUILDINGSCONCERTOCONCERTO

CIVITASCIVITASALTERNATIVE FUELSALTERNATIVE FUELS POLYGENERATIONPOLYGENERATION

Dissemination

Market

n° 14Directorate-General for Energy and Transport

INNOVATION IN CIVITAS/ECO-BUILDINGS/CONCERTO

“Innovative integration of known and

advanced and/or improved technologies

in order to help to solve the problems and

needs of society in relation with energy”


SOLAR ENERGY

Directorate General for Energy and Transport

FP5 (1998-2002) Results• PHOTOVOLTAICS: 100 projects launched in Europe

– 40 projects in the S/M term• Total cost €150 M• EC contribution €45 M

– 60 projects in the M/L term• Total cost €135 M• EC contribution €65 M

• SOLAR THERMAL POWER– 3 Major multi-MW demonstration S/M projects

• Total cost ~ €300 M• EC contribution of €15 M

– A number of projects in the M/L term domain • EC contribution of €10 M


FP6 (2002-2006) Results

• PHOTOVOLTAICS (S/M + M/L)– 28 new projects launched EC contribution €99,5 M

New concepts16%

Education, dissemination, coordination &

support 6%

PV Integration14%

Pre-normative7%

Innovative largescale

plants8%

Thin-film25%

Wafer based Si

24%


Photovoltaic Technology Platform

• The PV Technology Platform is operational• 4 Working groups and Steering committee in

place• Interested parties in the PV sector to work

together on a longer term basis• Expected Impact of Platform

– Raise overall RTD investment & promoting public/private partnership

– Address obstacles for deployment and accelerate market penetration

– Achieve coherent and consistent policy and regulatory framework in the EU


Photovoltaic module price decrease: history

1

10

100

0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Cumulated capacity (MWp)

Mo

du

le p

rice

($/

Wp)

20% decrease by doubling cumulative volume until 2003

Information - CommunicationDirectorate general for Energy and Transport

WIND ENERGY


Wind Energy in Europe

• Global wind power capacity has grown to over 50,000MW by mid-2005. Europe represents 73% of total installed capacity.

• In 2004, European companies had a market share of 80% of the € 8 billion market for wind turbines.

Europe as Wind Energy world leader

Europe has :80% global manufacturing share•70% annual and cumulative market•Annual market value of ~ € 7bn•72% capacity in 2 countries•75,000 jobs•Generates 2.8% EU electricity

By 2010 wind is predicted to;

•Annual electricity generation of 167 TWh, equivalent to 5.5% of European electricity demand, (=34m people)•28% of all new installed generation capacity •10.6% of overall generation capacity•Deliver 50% of the Renewable Directive target•Meet >30% of the EU Kyoto Protocol commitment•Cumulative CO2 savings of 523m•:Avoid €13 billion imported fuel costs, •Avoid €10-25 billion external costs

•Data for 2001-2010

Source: EWEA

WIND POWER INSTALLED IN EUROPE BY END OF 2005 (CUMULATIVE)

EU – 40,504 MWACCESSION COUNTRIES – 28 MWEFTA COUNTRIES – 279 MW

Rep. Of Ireland495.5

UK1,353

Netherlands1,219

Spain10,027

Belgium167

France757

Germany18,428

Denmark3,122

Norway267

Sweden500

Finland82

Italy1,717

Switzerland11.6

Austria819

Poland73

Latvia26

Romania1.4

Turkey20

Greece573

Luxembourg35

Portugal1,022

Czech Republic26

Estonia30

Hungary17

Lithuania7

Slovakia5

Croatia6

Bulgaria1

Cyprus0

Ukraine82

Iceland0

Faroe Islands

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Malta0

Slovenia 0

European Onshore / OffshoreWind Energy today

• End 2005, offshore wind was 1,68% of total installed wind power capacity, but generated 3,11% of electricity from wind energy

• End 2005, Denmark (398 MW), U.K. (214 MW), Ireland (25 MW), Sweden (23,3 MW) and the Netherlands (18 MW) had operating offshore wind farms.

2004 2005 2010 (forecast)

Installed capacity (MW) %



Onshore 33.781 98,28 39.824 98,32 65.000 86,67

Offshore 590 1,72 680 0,02 10.000 13,33

Total 34.371 100 40.504 100 75.000 100

• There remain big unexploited wind resources onshore but the offshore potential is greater still

• Latest projections from the European Commission suggest that wind power in Europe could reach a total of 70.000 MW by 2010 incl. 14.000 MW offshore

• Looking further ahead, the European Wind Energy Association has adopted a target for a total of 180.000 MW to be reached in 2020, of which 70.000 MW would be located offshore

•The development of the offshore wind energy production is an opportunity for industry, it increases diversity and security of electricity supply, and it will help reach the Commission targets for renewables and for reduction of greenhouse gases emissions.

Offshore Wind Energy

FP6 “DOWNVInD” Project : the flagship project for

offshore wind energy development in Europe

• New world records have been broken as the machines are the first wind turbines in international waters, the furthest from shore (25 km), the biggest (5 MW) and in the deepest water (42 m)


CHALLENGES IN WIND ENERGY

• Growing markets: Larger machines for optimal exploitation of the wind potential. High penetration levels of wind require short-term production forecasts

• Emerging markets: Off-shore Large machines with highest reliability to reduce infrastructure and maintenance costs. Cost effective foundations and grid-connection.

• New Member States: Setting-up of an industry and a support infrastructure, creating confidence, develop framework conditions


BIOMASS


Power

+ 35Mtoe/aby 2010

Heat/Cooling

+27 Mtoe/aby 2010

Trans-port+18

Mtoe/aby 2010

Strategic research agenda FP7

Functioning solid biofuels European market including

international trade

Current use and future potential, land availability,

food & other industrial needs

Socio-economic issues and proper approach to the EU

citizen

BIOMASS ACTION PLANMAIN COMPONENTS

Total: + 80 Mtoe by 2010


Biomass Action Plan outputs COM 2005 – 628 Final

• In total more than 30 specific measures proposed to stimulate the Bioenergy market and distributed under five areas ( Details in Annex 1) :

- Biomass Heating

- Biomass for Electricity generation

- Transport Biofuels

- Cross cutting issues

- Research


Biomass Action Plan outputs COM 2005 – 628 Final

• Cross cutting issues (some main issues)

- Encourage MSs to develop BAPs

- Prepare Forest Action Plan (E use),

- Develop spot market for pellets/ chips

- Review waste/ by-products legislation for use of clean fuels (SRF, animal by-products)

• Research: FP7( bio-refinery,second generation biofuels, technology platforms, optimisation raw materials/ conversion processes)


•Fragmented ownership and bad cooperation (65 % private ownership)

•Limited market for small sized wood

•Competition from existing uses of wood

•Lack of steady policy & stable market conditions

•Conservative forest management

EU Forest - Wood resources Barriers to overcome


Conceptual-Technologicalbreakthrough in BM

•Biological processes: •digestion (aerobic/ anaerobic): mature

• Thermochemical processes -Combustion/ co-combustion: mature

-Gasification : high expectation (synthetic Biofuels), still to solve (ash melting, fouling/Cleaning gases (tars))

-Flash Pyrolysis : bio-oil ( technical as gasif.)Source: EUROSTAT


Renewable fuel production in FP7POTENTIAL FIELDS OF ACTIVITY ???

•Innovative improvements in the production of first-generation of biofuels:–From sugar rich crops and from starch–From oil crops, animal tallow and used cooking oil–From high moisture biomass

•Production of second generation of liquid biofuels for transport:–Ethanol from lignocellulosics–Synthetic biofuels via gasification–Hydrogenation of oils–Pyrolisis followed by hydrogenation

•Biorefineries

•Use in fleets of biofuels

•Socioeconomic research

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY


Promotion of associated technological breakthrough in geothermal energy

The following areas are the focus of R&D in the European Union:

hot Dry Rock Heat & Power Production and Demonstration

improving ground heat exchangers / ground source heat pumps techn.

100% remote controlled geothermal systems

power generation from low enthalpy resources

geothermal absorption cooling applications

exploration of geothermal resources (integrated geology, geochemistry, geophysics, drilling, reservoir rock & fluid properties, heat flow & stored heat estimation)

new power cycles and power plants optimisation

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 36

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 37

Types of ocean energy(by stage of development)

Tidal Energy

Thermal Energy

Marine Currents

Wave Energy

Salinity Gradient

Bottom fixedFloating

Open cycle

Closed cycle

ShorelineNear shore



Land based

Floating

ShorelineNear shore

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• Dynamic, fast developing sector

Actual projected production cost bellow 0.10 €/kWh

Average electricity production cost in EU 0.04€/kWh

Target Cost by 2015-2020 0.05 €/kWh

Ocean Energy Costs

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Wave Energy Economically exploitable potential in Europe

Figures in kW per meter width of incoming wave

Resource for:NE Atlantic 290 GWMediterranean sea 30 GW

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Tidal Energy Economically exploitable potential in Europe

Annual average tidal range in meters

Resource for Europe: 12GW

Mainly:Arround the British Islands & IrelandBetween Channel Islands and FranceIn the straits of MessinaIn various Greek Islands


ECOBUILDINGS


The associated conceptual and/or technological breakthroughs promoted

The unit of action is the Building:• Innovative planning and architecture

• Low energy construction and retrofitting material

• Symbiotic integration of renewable energy technologies and efficient measures

• Innovative building management combined with monitoring

Directorate-General for Energy and TransportDirectorate General for Energy and Transport

POLYGENERATION

Directorate-General for Energy and TransportDirectorate General for Energy and Transport

Main technology areas: Combined Heat & Power + Cooling or Products

Main Applications: Polygeneration with biomass Polygeneration with fuel cells

Main application area: CHCP

Future concept: Bio-refineries

Conceptual and Technological Breakthrough Technical Innovation

Domestic Fuel Cell

Tree harvesting

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supports concrete initiatives of local communities

working towards a completely integrated energy policy, harmonizing a substantial use of RES

with efficient innovative technologies and systems to minimize energy consumption and

to improve the quality of citizens’ lives.

WHAT IS

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport n° 46Directorate General for Energy and Transport

CONCERTO

PVplant

Windpowerplant

House with Solar thermal and PVStorageStorage

Local CHP plantNeighbourhood

CHP

Individual house

Officebuildings

ESCO

Natural GasNatural Gas

ElectricityElectricity

Smallindustry

SMEs

Big industryBig industry

Green electricity

Green electricity

StorageStorage

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport Fostering RTD in the maritime periphery Dr. Eng.Gonzalo...

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