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The Civil War1861-1865

Causes of the Civil War

1. States’ Rights

2. Slavery

3. Tariff Disputes

4. Sectionalism (differences in economies and cultures)

•February 1861- 11 southern states seceded from the U.S.

•Named The Confederate States of America

•Elected Jefferson Davis as President

• Fort Sumter• First battle of the Civil War

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Union Strategy“Anaconda Plan”• Seize control of

the Mississippi River

• Union Army would take over Richmond, Va(capital)

• Naval blockade of Southern ports

George B. McClellan

• First commander of the Union Army

• Was called to train 150,000 troops for the Union

• Largest Army ever

Confederate Strategy

• Only had to avoid losing

• Repel Northern invasion and seek support from Gr. Britain and France (dependent on S. cotton)

Robert E. Lee• The commander The commander

of the of the Confederate armyConfederate army

• Originally offered the head of the Union army

• Could not fight against his home state

1862-Union forces again tried to advance on Richmond, without success.

Robert E. Lee and Davis decided the best way to defeat the North was to invade.

Late 1862, Lee’s forces crossed into Maryland

•Battle of Antietam

•23,000 soldiers were killed, wounded, or captured---bloodiest single day of the war.

•Lee retreated back to Va. Union leaders did not follow

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•1862-Ulysses S. Grant began to secure Mississippi River

•Ulysses S. Grant becomes the Union army’s commander

Emancipation Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

• Announcement on January 1, 1863, by President Lincoln that all slaves in Confederate territory ONLY would be considered free.

Results of the E. P.

• Changed the purpose of the war to free the slaves

• Swayed British opinion to Union

• Persuaded blacks to enlist in the Union Army

• Answered the question of whether the nation would be ½ slave if the Union won the war

Battle of Gettysburg

(turning point)

•South attacked into the North

•Lost too many soldiers, weakened Confederate army

•Never able to attack North again

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Gettysburg Address•Lincoln spoke at the battlefield to dedicate the cemetery

•2 min. speech-explained the meaning of the war

•Raised the purpose of the Civil War to the survival of democracy

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Battle of Vicksburg(turning point)1863

•Ulysses S. Grant captured Vicksburg, and control of the Miss. R.

•Cut the Confederacy in 2

•Declared “Total War” (complete devastation)

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•1864-Lincoln wins reelection

•1865-Second Inaugural Address

•Called for an end to slavery and binding up the wounds of the nation

Total War

•General William Sherman

•“Sherman’s March”

•Burned and destroyed everything of value in its path.

Surrender at the Appomattox Court House, Va.

•Richmond fell to the Union

•Lee surrendered

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RECONSTRUCTIONThe time period after the Civil War

when the nation was trying to rebuild itself into a strong nation again, and

heal the bad feelings between the North and the South