Direct Ophthalmoscope

Schematic of the Eye

Posterior Pole of fundus

Diagram of Fundus Layers

Fundus and Disc

Optic Disc Edema

Optic Nerve Drusen

Optic Nerve Drusen

Pigment Crescent around Disc Margin

Myelinated nerve fibers

Optic Nerve Coloboma

Optic Nerve Hypoplasia

Normal Variations of Disc

Large Cup –C/D ratio

Glaucoma-nerve appearance

Glaucoma

Optic nerve pallor, papillitis

Artery/Vein ratio (2/3 is normal)

Arteriosclerotic vessel changes

Light reflex, A/V crossing

Hypertension

CRAO and BRAO

Hollenhorst Plaque and Late CRAO with optic atrophy

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

BRVO before and s/p laser

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion-CRVO

Hollenhorst plaque, Central Retinal Artery occlusion

Macular Drusen

Drusen-macula

Atrophic macular degeneration

Exudative macular changes

Subretinal macular heme

ARMD with Macular Scar

Diabetic retinopathy

Background Diabetic Retinopathy

PDR before and after PRP

Pre-retinal hemes

Choroidal nevus

Choroidal NevusRed free, and no filter

Direct Ophthalmoscope-Patient side and observer side

Adjust light (left) and power (right)

Position for starting procedure

Examiner right eye, hand, right patient eye