DIP Introduction 1
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Transcript of DIP Introduction 1
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INTRODUCTION
One picture
is worth
more than ten thousand words
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Image & Video Data
Image: Image refers to a two dimensional light intensity
function denoted by f(x,y) - x and y denote thespatial co-ordinates.
The magnitude of f( ) at spatial co-ordinates (x,y)gives the intensity of image at that point.
olor Image ! " samples per pixel Intensity (#ray level image) ! $ sample per pixel %inary Image ! $ sample per pixel
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Image: Examples
Coloured Image
Gray level Image
Binary Image
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What is Digital Image Processing Processing of a picture or image by digital
computer
But computer processes only digital data.So we need a digital image.
Continuous
Image
Digital
image
Sampling and
quantization
Obtaining a digital Image :
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Sampling !uantization Digitization of t"e spatial co#ordinates $%&y'
is called image sampling.
("e amplitude digitization is called gray#
le)el quantization
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The Digital Image A digital image is a representation of a two-dimensional image as a
finite set of digital vales! called pictre elements or pi"els
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The Digital Image
Digitization implies t"at a digital image is an
appro%imation of a real scene
# pi"el
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*+,%*+, ,-%,-
$ampling
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*+,%*+, *+, le)els *+,%*+, * le)els
%antisation
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*+,%*+, *+, le)els *+,%*+, * le)els
%antisation
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A t&pical digital image processing se'ence
/ecord
outputDisplay
ob0ect obser)e
Imaging
systems
digitize
Sample and
quantize
store
Digitalstorage
$dis1'
process
Digital
computer
/efres"
2store
On#line
buffer
Image 3cquisition Processing Display2Storage2
(ransmission
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Image Ac'isition Images are generated by t"e combination of
an illumination source and t"e reflection or
absorption of energy from t"at source by t"eelements of t"e scene being imaged.
eg. 4isible lig"t source illuminates a common e)eryday #D
scene. (o get a *#D picture of t"e scene we can use a
camera w"ic" contains lig"t sensors.
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Image Ac'isition Cont( ("e reflected lig"t from t"e scene being
imaged is focused by t"e camera lens.
5ig"t falls on t"e sensing material $a CCD
array' and produces electrical signals
proportional to t"e lig"t intensity
3n 32D con)erter con)erts t"is signal to a
set of discrete numbers. $6ray le)el
quantization'.
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Image Ac'isition Cont( ("e illumination may originate from a source
of electromagnetic energy suc" as radar&
infrared& 7#ray8 Scene elements can be familiar ob0ects or
may be a molecule& buried roc1 formations&
"uman brain8 Depending on t"e nature of source&
illumination energy is reflected from ortransmitted t"roug" ob0ects.
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Digital Image Processing
Applications Images depending on Source of energy:
9a0or sources of energy: lectromagnetic Spectrum
3coustic& ;ltrasonic lectronic
3rtificial sources < Computer generated images #Synt"etic images < used for modeling
)isualization
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DIP Applications 6amma /ay Imaging:
=uclear 9edicine
3stronomical Obser)ations
(ypical %amples: In0ect a patient wit" a radioacti)e isotope t"at
emits gamma rays as it decays. 6amma raydetectors capture t"e images
Positron mission (omograp"y $P('
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)"amples of gamma ra& imaging
*one $can P)T Image
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DIP Applications
7#ray Imaging:
9edical Diagonosis Industrial Inspections
3stronomy
(ypical %amples: 7#ray
3ngiograms < In0ecting 7#ray contrast medium
# n"ances t"e contrast of t"e blood )essels
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DIP Applications
Computerized 3%ial (omograp"y $C3(' ig"er energy 7#ray images < e%amining
circuit boards for flaws in manufacturing uman $>eads and faces& "ands& body& ...'
Industrial $Inspection& part pose estimation and
recognition& control&...' 5eisure and entertainment $museums& film industry&
p"otograp"y&...'
(raffic and transport $/oad& airport& seaport& license
identification& ...'
7 application $remote sensing& astronomy& biology&
sur)eillance& ...'
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3PP5IC3(IO=S
9edical $7rays& C(& 9/I& P(& ultrasound&
intensity& ...'
9ilitary $trac1ing& detection& ...' Police $firgerprints& sur)eillance& D=3 analysis&
biometry& ...'