Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied ...BRANDL, H. (1998): Energy piles and...
Transcript of Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied ...BRANDL, H. (1998): Energy piles and...
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Dimensioning of de-icing and snowmelting systems supplied by
geothermal energy
by R. KALLER
Institute for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Geothermal Energy
extracting heat from ground > „Geothermal Energy“
in Central Europe: constant earth temperature is in average approximately 10 – 12 °C in a depth of about 10 – 20 meters
utilization of geothermal energy using suitable systems integrated in earth-coupled structures (foundations ...)
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Principle of the heat pump
ENERGY FOUNDATION
HEATINGSYSTEM
Temperature of Extraction: 0 – 4°C
Soil Temperature: 10 – 12°C
primary circuit
secondary circuit
Heating Temperature25 – 45°C
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Energy consumption
heating with heat pump:
→ saving a large amount of
primary energyHP
1/4 part external energy for operation of heat pump
(electricity or gas)
3/4 partsgeothermal energy 1 part
useableenergy
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Recent Development:double use of „Energy Foundations”
Deep foundations such as
piles
diaphragm walls
base slabs
reach to depth with constant earth temperature,
offer large earth coupling elements and therefore
are ideal structures for „Energy Foundations“ such as
„Energy Piles“
„Energy Diaphragm Walls“
„Energy Slabs“
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Application for Building Constructionenergy diaphragm wall
energy pileenergy bottom slab
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Application for Building Constructionenergy diaphragm wall
energy pileenergy bottom slab
distribution block
![Page 8: Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied ...BRANDL, H. (1998): Energy piles and dia-phragm walls for heat transfer from and into the ground. Proceedings of the 3rd](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050602/5fa9d280c73e776c4666001c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Application for Building Constructionenergy diaphragm wall
energy pileenergy bottom slab
distribution block
manifold
![Page 9: Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied ...BRANDL, H. (1998): Energy piles and dia-phragm walls for heat transfer from and into the ground. Proceedings of the 3rd](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050602/5fa9d280c73e776c4666001c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Application for Building Constructionenergy diaphragm wall
energy pileenergy bottom slab
distribution block
manifold
heat pump
![Page 10: Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied ...BRANDL, H. (1998): Energy piles and dia-phragm walls for heat transfer from and into the ground. Proceedings of the 3rd](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050602/5fa9d280c73e776c4666001c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Application for Building Constructionenergy diaphragm wall
energy pileenergy bottom slab
distribution block
manifold
heat pump
heating / cooling
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Utilization of Tunnels
large surfaces are in contact with earth
constant temperature because of depth
internal heat sources (trains, lights, …) increasetemperature
ideal structures for geothermalenergy utilization
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Projects – NATM Tunnel
Development of heat absorber systems for NATM
“Energy Membrane”
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Methods of plant utilization
Utilizationinside company
For stations,operation centers,
public areas...
Pavementheating
For streets, bridges,railway stations(platforms), …
Third partyutilization
Sell energy to public or
private buildings
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
• Text des Gliederungspunktes
Pavement heating
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Construction details:
pipe system
ground loop heat exchander
heat pump / circulation pump
controller unit
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Pavement heating
+ storage
Swiss project “SERSO”
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Pavement heating / cooling increases asphalt-lifetime
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
nT
AQ
AtQqkond v
&&
∂∂
−=== λ
Tqkonv Δ⋅=α&6,3
1⋅⋅= W
WV r
Amq&
&
cWScSgesS qqqq &&&& ++=,
Tq SS Δ⋅=α&
evaporation konvection radiation
ASHRAE: Ar=Af/At
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
![Page 20: Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied ...BRANDL, H. (1998): Energy piles and dia-phragm walls for heat transfer from and into the ground. Proceedings of the 3rd](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050602/5fa9d280c73e776c4666001c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Heizleiterabstand h und mittlere Heiztemperatur tH bei verschiedenen Heizleitern und einer Verlegungstiefe s=15cm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Rohrabstand h [cm]
mitt
lere
Tem
pera
tur d
es R
ohre
s - a
ußen
tH [°
C]
Recknagel: qo = 210 W/m² - tm = 31 °C - d = 7,4 mm
FEM: qo = 210 W/m² - tm = 31 °C - d = 7,4 mm
Recknagel: qo = 210 W/m² - tm = 31 °C - d = 30 mm
FEM: qo = 210 W/m² - tm = 31 °C - d = 30 mm
Recknagel: qo = 140 W/m² - tm = 15 °C - d = 7,4 mm
Recknagel: qo = 140 W/m² - tm = 15 °C - d = 30 mm
FEM: qo = 140 W/m² - tm = 15 °C - d = 30 mm
Recknagel: qo = 93 W/m² - tm = 5 °C - d = 7,4 mm
Recknagel: qo = 93 W/m² - tm = 5 °C - d = 30 mm
Heizleiterabstand h und mittlere Heiztemperatur tH bei verschiedenen Heizleitern und einer Verlegungstiefe s=35cm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Rohrabstand h [cm]
mitt
lere
Tem
pera
tur d
es R
ohre
s - a
ußen
tH [°
C]
Recknagel: qo = 210 W/m² - tm = 69 °C - d = 7,4 mm
Recknagel: qo = 210 W/m² - tm = 69 °C - d = 30 mm
FEM: qo = 210 W/m² - tm = 69 °C - d = 30 mm
Recknagel: qo = 140 W/m² - tm = 41 °C - d = 7,4 mm
Recknagel: qo = 140 W/m² - tm = 41 °C - d = 30 mm
FEM: qo = 140 W/m² - tm = 41 °C - d = 30 mm
Recknagel: qo = 93 W/m² - tm = 22 °C - d = 7,4 mm
Recknagel: qo = 93 W/m² - tm = 22 °C - d = 30 mm
FEM: qo = 93 W/m² - tm = 22 °C - d = 30 mm
Heizleitertemperatur tH an der Rohrinnenwand abhängig von der Verlegungstiefe s in cm bei unveränderlichem Horizontalabstand der Rohre
h=20cm und verschiedener Energieanforderung qo (155; 225; 338 und 451W/m² jeweils mit to an der Oberfläche von 2°C)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 5 10 15 20 25
s [cm]
tH [°
C]
FEM: qo = 451 W/m² - to = 2 °C - h = 20 cm
FEM: qo = 338 W/m² - to = 2 °C - h = 20 cm
FEM: qo = 225 W/m² - to = 2 °C - h = 20 cm
FEM: qo = 155 W/m² - to = 2 °C - h = 20 cm
s
h
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Benefits
less car accidents
less traffic jam
less money for winter service
less salt and sand used
less track drilling
nonpolluting and environmental-friendly technique and energy source
reduction of CO2 emissions
supports the compliance with international obligations like Kyoto- and Toronto-aims
savings on investments due to „double use“ of units (energy piles, energy diaphragm walls, energy slabs)
self-regenerating energy source
low dependence on conventional energy
closed circuits which prevent any risk regarding groundwater
positive public image
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
ReferencesAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (1999) – 1999 ASHRAE HANDBOOK – HVAC Applicationc (SI cEdition).
Atlanta, USA, ISBN 1-883413-72-9
BRANDL, H. (1998): Energy piles and dia-phragm walls for heat transfer from and into the ground. Proceedings of the 3rd International Semi-nar Deep Foundations on Bored and Auger Piles (van Impe ed.), Ghent; A.A.Balkema, 37-60.
BRANDL, H. (2001): Energy foundations and other thermo-active ground structures. 41st Rankine Lecture, British Geotechnical Association, (pub-lished2006: Vol.56, No.2, pp 81-122)
CHAPMAN, W.P., (1952): Design of snow melt-ing systems. Heating and Ventilating (April):95 and (November):88.
EUGSTER, W.J. (2002): SERSO PLUS – Neue Wege in der Belagsbeheizung. Geothermische Ener-gie 38/39, 10. Jahrgang/Heft 5/6 http://www.geothermie.de/gte/gte38-39/serso_plus_.htm
HILTGARTNER, K., KALLER, R., SVANDA, N. (2007): Vienna as a world class environmental city, the example of CO2 reduction according to the Kyoto Protocol. in: "UPE 7 World class cities: envi-ronmental impacts and planning opportunities", In-ternational Environmental and Planning Association; University of Technology Tampere, Bangkok, Thai-land, 978-974-537-995-4, p 76.
HOPKIRK, R.J., HESS, K., EUGSTER, W.J., KNOBEL, P. (1994): SERSO – Pilotprojekt zur Sonnenenergierückgewinnung aus Straßenoberflä-chen. Hrsg. Bundesamt für Straßenbau und Tiefbau-amt des Kanton Bern http://www.geothermie.de/oberflaechennahe/serso/serso.htm
LIU, X. (2005): Development and experimental validation of simulation of hydronic snow melting systems for bridges. Ph.D. Thesis, Graduate Collage of the Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK.
MARKIEWICZ, R., ADAM, D. (2003): Utilisa-tion of Geothermal Energy using Earthcoupled Structures – Theoretical and Experimental Investi-gations, Case Histories. XIIIth European Confer-ence on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineer-ing. 25-28th August 2003, Prague.
RECKNAGEL, H., SPRENGER, E., SCHRA-MEK, E.-R. (2007): Taschenbuch für Heizung und Klimatechnik Oldenbourg Industrieverlag, München, Hrsg.:SCHRAMEK, E.-R.
WABERSECK, T., (2006): Temperierung von Verkehrsflächen mittels oberflächennaher Geother-mie. 29.Baugrundtagung 2006, Messe und Congress Centrum Bremen, Spezialsitzung „Forum für junge Geotechnik-Ingenieure“
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XVIII EYGEC – Ancona / Italy – June 17-20,2007 Session 5.Environmental Geotechnics
Kaller: ”Dimensioning of de-icing and snow melting systems supplied by geothermal energy”
Thank you for your attention!