digital photo graph

8/14/2019 digital photo graph

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DIGITALDIGITAL

PHOTOGRAPHYPHOTOGRAPHY

Joe CollinsJoe Collins34 slides34 slides


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CAMERA BASICSCAMERA BASICS

These basicsThese basics

are commonare common

to ALLto ALL

cameras:cameras:

F-StopF-Stop

ShutterShutter

SpeedSpeed Film SpeedFilm Speed


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CAMERA BASICSCAMERA BASICS

F-Stop (how much light is seen,how much the aperture is open)

Shutter Speed (how long thelight is seen in the aperture)

FILM SPEED (how fast the filmitself responds to this light)


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F-STOPF-STOP

HOW MUCH LIGHT IS SEENHOW MUCH LIGHT IS SEEN

Sometimes known as apertureSometimes known as aperture

Ranges from about 1.8 to 32Ranges from about 1.8 to 32 A higher number (i.e. 32) means lessA higher number (i.e. 32) means less

light is seen.light is seen.

A lower number (i.e. 1.8) meansA lower number (i.e. 1.8) meansmore light is seen.more light is seen.


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F-STOPF-STOP

HIGHER F-stop (i.e. 32)HIGHER F-stop (i.e. 32)

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

IncreasedIncreased depth of fielddepth of field, i.e. image, i.e. imagebackground is not blurrybackground is not blurry

DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES

Needs more light, i.e. slowerNeeds more light, i.e. slowershutter speed.shutter speed.


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F-STOPF-STOP

LOWER F-STOP (i.e. F1.8)LOWER F-STOP (i.e. F1.8)

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES Lets plenty of light in! Better to use inLets plenty of light in! Better to use in

darker settings.darker settings. Less blurry since faster shutter speedLess blurry since faster shutter speed

may be needed to compensate formay be needed to compensate formore light.more light.

DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES No depth of field, i.e.No depth of field, i.e. background ofbackground of

image likely out of focus.image likely out of focus.


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F-STOP IMPACTF-STOP IMPACT

Low F-stopLow F-stop High F-stopHigh F-stop


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SHUTTER SPEEDSHUTTER SPEED

MEASURES HOW LONG LIGHT ISMEASURES HOW LONG LIGHT IS

LET INTO THE FILM/CAMERALET INTO THE FILM/CAMERA Common values include sec, 1/8Common values include sec, 1/8

second, 1/1000 second etcsecond, 1/1000 second etc Shorter time means less time for light toShorter time means less time for light to

get into the cameraget into the camera

Shorter time reduces blurrinessShorter time reduces blurriness


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SHUTTER SPEEDSHUTTER SPEED

FASTER SPEEDFASTER SPEEDADVANTAGESADVANTAGES Reduces blurriness as image is seenReduces blurriness as image is seen

only briefly great for sports events.only briefly great for sports events.

DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES Less time for light to enter cameraLess time for light to enter camera

Requires bright conditionsRequires bright conditions


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Shutter Speed=1/15 of a SecondShutter Speed=1/15 of a Second


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Shutter Speed=1/150 of a secondShutter Speed=1/150 of a second


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FILM SPEEDFILM SPEED

Traditional cameras use film of differentTraditional cameras use film of differentsensitivities. It is measured by its ISOsensitivities. It is measured by its ISOnumber, i.e. 64, 100 400number, i.e. 64, 100 400

Slower speed (i.e. 64) is good forSlower speed (i.e. 64) is good for

enlarging but requires bright light and/orenlarging but requires bright light and/orslow shutter speed and/or lower F-stop.slow shutter speed and/or lower F-stop.

Faster Film (i.e. 400) is poor for enlargingFaster Film (i.e. 400) is poor for enlargingbut needs less light and thus good forbut needs less light and thus good for

indoor photography.indoor photography. Digital Cameras do not use film per se.Digital Cameras do not use film per se.They use a technology called CCD (ChargeThey use a technology called CCD (ChargeCoupled Device) which senses images.Coupled Device) which senses images.


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TIPS ON TAKING PHOTOSTIPS ON TAKING PHOTOS

Be aware of backlighting, i.e. a brightBe aware of backlighting, i.e. a brightbackground will make your subjectbackground will make your subjectappear dark.appear dark.

Best to have the light on the subjectBest to have the light on the subject

fromfrom behind youbehind you for proper lighting.for proper lighting. Take photos in early morning/lateTake photos in early morning/late

afternoon for dramatic shadows.afternoon for dramatic shadows. Frame your subject in the viewfinderFrame your subject in the viewfinder

and use the and use the rule of thirdsrule of thirds when framing when framingyour subject. See the next slide.your subject. See the next slide.


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DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHYDIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY

The concepts are generally the sameThe concepts are generally the same

The F-stop (Aperture)The F-stop (Aperture) is sometimes fixedis sometimes fixed

within the digital camera.within the digital camera.

The digital camera then adjusts theThe digital camera then adjusts the shuttershutterspeedspeed (and if possible, the aperture) based on(and if possible, the aperture) based on

light conditions.light conditions.

TheThe film speedfilm speed is the same for all photosis the same for all photos

within the camera, i.e. it is not chemical basedwithin the camera, i.e. it is not chemical basedbut usually uses CCD technologybut usually uses CCD technology

The main important concept isThe main important concept is PIXELsPIXELs


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DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHYDIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY

PIXELS short for PICTURE ELEMENTPIXELS short for PICTURE ELEMENT..The more PIXELS a camera has, the better the pictureThe more PIXELS a camera has, the better the picturequality,i.e. level of resolution or details in each picture.quality,i.e. level of resolution or details in each picture.Some typical values:Some typical values:

640x480 pixels640x480 pixels - This is the low end on most "real"- This is the low end on most "real"

cameras. This resolution is okay if you plan to e-mailcameras. This resolution is okay if you plan to e-mailmost of your pictures to friends or post them on a Webmost of your pictures to friends or post them on a Website. This is 307,000 total pixels. But you will not besite. This is 307,000 total pixels. But you will not behappy with this resolution if you print it.happy with this resolution if you print it.

1216x912 pixels1216x912 pixels - If you are planning to print your- If you are planning to print your

images, this is a good resolution. This is a "megapixel"images, this is a good resolution. This is a "megapixel"image size -- 1,109,000 total pixels.image size -- 1,109,000 total pixels. 1600x1200 pixels1600x1200 pixels - This is "high resolution." Images- This is "high resolution." Images

taken with this resolution can be printed in largertaken with this resolution can be printed in largersizes, such as 8x10 inches, with good results. This issizes, such as 8x10 inches, with good results. This isalmost 2 million total pixels. You can find camerasalmost 2 million total pixels. You can find camerastoday with up to 10.2 million pixels.today with up to 10.2 million pixels.


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DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHYDIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHYHow it worksHow it works

A picture is taken and the cameraA picture is taken and the cameraautomatically converts the pixels fromautomatically converts the pixels fromanalog to digital format.analog to digital format.

The camera then converts the digitalThe camera then converts the digital

pixels to color images.pixels to color images. Then they are stored in digital memoryThen they are stored in digital memory

within the camera and/or on memorywithin the camera and/or on memorycards/sticks and so on.cards/sticks and so on.

Pictures can then be subsequentlyPictures can then be subsequentlytransferred from the digital camera eithertransferred from the digital camera eitherby serial cables or more recently via a USBby serial cables or more recently via a USBport.port.


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Optical/Digital ZoomOptical/Digital Zoom

Digital cameras usually allow for someDigital cameras usually allow for somezooming.zooming.

Optical zoomOptical zoom is often better; the camerais often better; the cameramakes adjustments within the lensmakes adjustments within the lens

themselves.themselves. Digital zoomDigital zoom is whereby the camerais whereby the camera

calculates how to adjust the pixels, addingcalculates how to adjust the pixels, addingthem or removing them. Interpolation isthem or removing them. Interpolation is

used when adding them.used when adding them. Macro modeMacro mode is another type of zoom andis another type of zoom andallows close-up pictures, i.e. flowers.allows close-up pictures, i.e. flowers.


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Advantages ofAdvantages of

Digital CamerasDigital Cameras The pictures do not need to be developedThe pictures do not need to be developed

at the store, saving money and time.at the store, saving money and time.

The picture you took can be viewed withinThe picture you took can be viewed within

a few seconds of taking it.a few seconds of taking it. You can readily delete photos within theYou can readily delete photos within the

camera that are done improperly or bycamera that are done improperly or by

mistake.mistake.

You can upload to a computer and useYou can upload to a computer and use

software to enhance the photo further.software to enhance the photo further.


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BATTERIESBATTERIES

The best batteries are known asThe best batteries are known as

Nickel Metal Hydride, i.e. NiMHNickel Metal Hydride, i.e. NiMH

They are rechargeable.They are rechargeable. They last about as long as alkalineThey last about as long as alkaline

batteries.batteries.

You can buy batteries and charger atYou can buy batteries and charger atBJs, Radio Shack and so on.BJs, Radio Shack and so on.


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A DIGITAL CAMERAA DIGITAL CAMERA

The CANON A75 Powershot is aThe CANON A75 Powershot is acapable and sophisticated digitalcapable and sophisticated digitalcamera.camera.

Street price is about $225. (OthersStreet price is about $225. (Otherscan be had for as little as $29.95).can be had for as little as $29.95).

It connects to your computer via theIt connects to your computer via the

standard USB interface.standard USB interface. I will highlight this camera as oneI will highlight this camera as one

example of digital cameras.example of digital cameras.


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Canon A75 PowerShotCanon A75 PowerShot


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Back ViewBack View


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Front ViewFront View


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TOP VIEWTOP VIEW


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CANON A75 PowershotCANON A75 Powershot

With the Canon A75 PowerShot, you get a 3.2With the Canon A75 PowerShot, you get a 3.2Megapixel CCD and a host of advanced features.Megapixel CCD and a host of advanced features. Canon A75 Powershot delivers 10x total zoomCanon A75 Powershot delivers 10x total zoom

with 3x optical and 3x digital zooms.with 3x optical and 3x digital zooms.

The Canon digital camera sports Print/ShareThe Canon digital camera sports Print/Sharebutton for fast and easy direct printing, and isbutton for fast and easy direct printing, and iscompatible with PictBridge direct print printers.compatible with PictBridge direct print printers.

Other key features of Canon A75 Powershot are aOther key features of Canon A75 Powershot are a1.8" High Resolution LCD Monitor, 9-point AiAF,1.8" High Resolution LCD Monitor, 9-point AiAF,

Special Scene Modes, DIGIC & iSAPS.Special Scene Modes, DIGIC & iSAPS. Shutter Speed: 15sec - 1/2000 sec.Shutter Speed: 15sec - 1/2000 sec. 1.8 inch low-temperature, high resolution TFT1.8 inch low-temperature, high resolution TFT

color LCD.color LCD.


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Specifications, continued.Specifications, continued.

Auto flash, Red-Eye Reduction ON/ OFF, Slow-Auto flash, Red-Eye Reduction ON/ OFF, Slow-Sync.Sync.

Sensitivity AUTO; ISO 50/100/200/400Sensitivity AUTO; ISO 50/100/200/400equivalent.equivalent.

Light Metering Method Evaluative/ Center-Light Metering Method Evaluative/ Center-weighted average/ Spot.weighted average/ Spot.

Exposure Control Method Program AE/ ApertureExposure Control Method Program AE/ Apertureor Shutter-priority AE/ Manual.or Shutter-priority AE/ Manual.

Exposure Compensation +/- 2 EV in 1/3-stepExposure Compensation +/- 2 EV in 1/3-step

increments.increments. White Balance Control Auto, Pre-set (Daylight,White Balance Control Auto, Pre-set (Daylight,Cloudy, Tungsten, Fluorescent, Fluorescent H), orCloudy, Tungsten, Fluorescent, Fluorescent H), orCustom White Balance.Custom White Balance.


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USB Interface; Video Out NTSC or PAL; Audio OutUSB Interface; Video Out NTSC or PAL; Audio OutMonaural.Monaural.

Compatible with type I CompactFlash CF cardCompatible with type I CompactFlash CF cardremovable memory card media.removable memory card media.

Shooting Modes Auto, Creative ( P, Tv, Av, M),Shooting Modes Auto, Creative ( P, Tv, Av, M),Programmed Image Control Zone (Portrait,Programmed Image Control Zone (Portrait,Landscape, Night scene, Fast shutter, SlowLandscape, Night scene, Fast shutter, Slowshutter, Stitch assist), Movies, Special Sceneshutter, Stitch assist), Movies, Special SceneMode (Foliage, Snow, Beach, Fireworks,Mode (Foliage, Snow, Beach, Fireworks,

Underwater, Indoor).Underwater, Indoor). Self-Timer Operates with approx. 2 sec. orSelf-Timer Operates with approx. 2 sec. or

approx 10 sec. count-down.approx 10 sec. count-down. Continuous Shooting Approx. 2.2 shots/sec.Continuous Shooting Approx. 2.2 shots/sec.



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Photo Effects Vivid, Neutral, Low Sharpening,Photo Effects Vivid, Neutral, Low Sharpening,Sepia and Black & White.Sepia and Black & White.

Image Recording Format Exif 2.2 (JPEG).Image Recording Format Exif 2.2 (JPEG). JPEG Compression Mode SuperFine, Fine, Normal.JPEG Compression Mode SuperFine, Fine, Normal.

Direct connection to separately purchased CanonDirect connection to separately purchased CanonCard Photo Printers and select Canon BubblejetCard Photo Printers and select Canon BubblejetPrinters (no computer required).Printers (no computer required).

Power Sources: 4 AA Alkaline batteries included,Power Sources: 4 AA Alkaline batteries included,or separately sold options: 4 rechargeable AAor separately sold options: 4 rechargeable AA

NiMH batteries, or Compact Power Adapter CA-NiMH batteries, or Compact Power Adapter CA-PS500.PS500. Dimensions (W x H x D) 3.98 x 2.52 x 1.24Dimensions (W x H x D) 3.98 x 2.52 x 1.24

in./101.0 x 64.0 x 31.5mm.in./101.0 x 64.0 x 31.5mm. Canon A75 weighs 7.06 oz./200g.Canon A75 weighs 7.06 oz./200g.



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DIGITAL CAMERASDIGITAL CAMERAS

I will now show you two more digitalI will now show you two more digital

cameras.cameras.

The 1The 1stst is just $29 and perhaps notis just $29 and perhaps not

worth it minimal quality.worth it minimal quality.

The 2The 2ndnd one is better but not as goodone is better but not as good

as the Canon only 2.1megapixel as the Canon only 2.1megapixel

this camera costs about $100.this camera costs about $100.


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Cheap Digital CameraCheap Digital Camera

480x640 pixels, 29.95480x640 pixels, 29.95


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Inexpensive Digital CameraInexpensive Digital Camera

2.1megapixel, $992.1megapixel, $992.1-megapixel sensor creates1,600 x 1,200 images

3x optical zoom and 3x digitalzoom (for 9x total)

Compatible with Secure Digitaland MMC memory cardsCamera sensitivity: ISO 100equivalent Focal length: 6.2 - 18.6mm(35mm equivalent: 38 -

114mm)Maximum aperture: f/2.9Shutter speed range: 1 -1/1000 secondAutofocus system: Video AF


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QUESTIONS/DISCUSSIONQUESTIONS/DISCUSSION

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