Digital Modes There are lots of Digital Modes. The oldest is RTTY (teletype - in this case it is...
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Transcript of Digital Modes There are lots of Digital Modes. The oldest is RTTY (teletype - in this case it is...
Digital Modes
• There are lots of Digital Modes.• The oldest is RTTY (teletype - in this case
it is Radio Teletype). • The current modes are classified in sound
card modes and specialty modes.• Sound Card Modes
– PSK-31– Specialty CW modes (for satellite, EME, etc.)
Digital Modes cont’d
• Non-Sound card modes– Packet– Pactor I & II– Pactor III– Winlink 2K
• Non-Sound card modes usually uses a special hardware type Terminal Mode Controller (TNC).
Digital Modes cont’d
• Computers and the Internet has made several Modes etc.
• EchoLink is one of the major modes.
• Modes for linking repeaters etc.
• D-STAR - digital modes for repeaters and radios
RTTY
• This has been around for a long time.
• The modulations is FSK or AFSK - this is a two tone system - called Mark & Space
• FSK - Frequency Shift Keying– Shifting the Transmitter frequency
• AFSK - Audio Frequency Shift Keying– Shift audio tones
RTTY cont’d
• There are special RTTY converters (these were used in the old days), now most operators use sound cards and sound card TNCs.
• There are lots of freeware programs that you can use for RTTY, most of the sound card software has a RTTY mode. – Digipan– MTTY
RTTY cont’d
• Some of the newer transceiver has built-in RTTY receive converters (ICOM 746 for example).
PSK-31
• This is one of the newer Digital Modes.
• This is a two-tone systems, with a bandwidth of 31 Hz.
• This is a sound card type mode and uses a sound card TNC.
• Sound Card TNCs interfaces the transceiver with you sound card and also has a keying circuit.
Apple Program for Digital Modes
PSK31 Frequencies
Where to Listen - official PSK 31 frequencies:
1838.1503580.1507035.15 for ITU region 1 and region 3, and 7080.15 for region 2 *10142.15014070.15018100.15021080.150 (although most activity can be found 10 kHz lower)24920.15028120.150
* The USA is in region 2 but there is a lot of activity on
Packet
• Packet and similar modes uses a smart Terminal Node Controller
• These can run from $ 75 to $ 500 and more. They have a small computer with memory etc. and circuits to decode the modulation.
• Most of these modes are error-free.
TNC-X - KISS Mode TNC
KPC-3+
PK-232
WinLink 2K
• This is a special form of Packet (uses a packet TNC)
• You can send and receive e-mail over your amateur radio.
• It has two parts (VHF & Low Band) – VHF uses Packet– HF uses Pactor I, II, III
• Pactor III – is a proprietary mode (requires special TNC $$$$
This is Tom’s Station - You can connect to it
Using NK5Z-10
HF - Winlink 2K
EchoLink
• This is a VOIP (Voice over Internet)
• You use your computer to connect to a server and from the server you can connect to amateur repeaters all over the world, or just to another amateur (direct keyboard to keyboard).
• Some of the old timers don’t consider this amateur radio (you will have to decide).
I’m OnlineI‘m connected to Repeater K4OBX –R
(-R designates for a Repeater)
List of Stations Online at this time
I’m connected to EchoLink Server XXXX
Receiver Digital Buffer - This is sent from the Repeater Station
Rx & Tx Level Digital Tx Buffer
XXXX
• Some
XXXX
• Some
XXXX
• Some