The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

DIGITAL LIBRARY APPLICATIONS OF

SOCIAL NETWORKING

Dr. Myungdae ChoLibrary School

SungKyunKwan University

myungdae.cho@gmail.com

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

AGENDA

1 •Social Networking & Information Fluency

2 •Social Networking in Libraries

3 •How to lift existing metadata into a semantic level

4 •Library’s role in Semantic Web

5 •Proposed Models for Libraries with Linked data

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

1. SOCIAL NETWORKING & INFORMATION FLUENCY

From PIM (Personal Information Management) level - Is Memex incarnated? - more than hyperlink …

To “Sociality” by Link and Tags -> Inter-subjectivity

- a thought in a user links to many thoughts in internet community

->Principle of Emergence

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

SOCIALTY

(Messaging, Blogging, Streaming media)

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

Ontology (gives Subjective Path)

Forms Inter-subjectivity

Machine, Human and Socialty in Informa-tion Discovery

In other words: Top down + Bottom up

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

User-Cre-ated

Metadata

RDF vo-cabularies

or(Ontol-

ogy)Linked Data(semanti-cally orga-

nized data)

Another view of Machine, Human and Socialty in Information Discovery

Mapped data from existing DB (such as MARC)

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

2. SOCIAL NETWORKING IN LI-BRARIES

Social networking could enable librarians and patrons not only to interact, but to share

and change resources dynamically in an elec-

tronic medium.

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

WHY DO LIBRARIES CARE ABOUT SOCIAL NET-WORKING SITES?

The next big thing after Google is Social Net-working.

( From “As facebook takes off, Myspace strikes back” Kirkpatrick, Davis. Foutune. Sept. 19,

2007)

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

2.1 EXISTING LIBRARY APPLICATION OF SOCIAL NETWORKING

1) Librarything in libraries2) Delicious in libraries 3) Mash up….. could be as an application of

Linked data

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

2.1.1 LIBRARYTHING IN LI-BRARIES

http://www.librarything.com/

“Personalized desire from individual’s needs”

“Cataloguing thru Social Networking”

LibraryThing is a prominent social cataloging

web application for storing and sharing per-sonal library catalogs and book lists.

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

LIBRARYTHING IN LIBRARIES

LibraryThing helps you create a library-quality catalog of your books.

LibraryThing connects people based on the books

they share.•

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

2.1.2. DELICIOUS IN LIBRARIES

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

DEL.ICIO.US-LIKE PENNTAGS

PennTags - When card catalogs meet tags

http://tags.library.upenn.edu/

http://www.slideshare.net/laurie.allen/penntags-presentation-at-educause-2006

http://www.diglib.org/forums/fall2006/presentations/winkler-2006-11.pdf

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

2.1.3 MASH UP IN LIBRARIES

http://library20.ning.com/profiles/blogs/mashup-your-librarys-twitter

Mashup your Library's Twitter, Flickr, Youtube,

Facebook accounts!

Libraries mash up content, services and ideas

http://www.oclc.org/fr/fr/nextspace/009/1.htm Meebo Instant Messaging.

Library Lookup. Bookburro.

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

3. HOW TO LIFT EXISTING METADATA INTO A SEMANTIC LEVEL

Mapping (Marc21 -> DC, Marc -> FRBR etc)

Open Sources (Open Api)

Linked Data

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

3.1 OPEN SOURCE

Open Source Social Platforms: 10 of the Best 10 open source software platforms

http://mashable.com/2007/07/25/open-source-social-platforms/

www.programmableweb.com

SungKyunKwan University: Use of Open API http://lib.skku.edu/index.ax

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

3.2 LINKED DATA

“Oh my goodness, the original web of docu-ments was just the tip of iceberg.”

( Sir Tim Berners Lee, July 2008)

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

WHAT IS IT?

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

CLOSED CONTAINERS OF DATA

Information systems, such as library catalogs, have

been, and still are, for the greatest part closed containers of data, or “silos” without connections between them, inaccessible to Web architecture

(No Url, no links) with a few exception.

(Tim Berners Lee) free from the capsules of the catalog

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

LINKED DATA

Linked Data is a methodology for providing meanings and relationships between things any-

where on the web, using

URIS for identifying, RDF for describing and

HTTP for publishing

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

TWO VALUABLE NOTIONS FROM LIBRARY COMMUNITY

Collocations• 1876 / Charles Cutter• Resources with the same or re-lated content are grouped to-gether.

Disambiguation • clarification that follows from the removal of ambiguity

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

COLLOCATIONS THROUGH LINKED DATA

Wiki: http://www.wikipedia.org/ vs dbpedia : http://dbpedia.org/About

WorldCat: http://www.worldcat.org/ vs Fictionfinder (FRBR model):

http://fictionfinder.oclc.org

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

RDF IDENTIFIERS AS A DISAM-BIGUATION

http://rdf.freebase.com/?freebaseid

http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/en.blade_runner

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

RDF IDENTIFIERS AS A DISAM-BIGUATION

Disambigua-tion process

annota-tion

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

RDF IDENTIFIERS AS A DISAM-BIGUATION

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

ANOTHER DISAMBIGUATION_DEREFERENCEABLE URIS

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

IN SUMMARY SO FAR:PARADIGM SHIFT IN WWW

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

4. LIBRARY’S ROLE IN SEMANTIC WEB Phase 1: Semantifying MARC, Thesaurus etc

Translating LC controlled vocabularies and authority con-trol for named entities, thesauri from domain specific societies and institutions into RDF/RDFS, OWL, SKOS with URIs assigned according to ‘Linked Data Design Principles (TBL, 2007)

Phase 2:

Authority data discovery, sharing, and reuse, e.g., LC au-thorities & Vocabularies, OCLC’s Faceted Application of Subject Terminology (FAST) etc

Phase 3: Into the Semantic Web Web of Linked data DBPedia GeoNames Librarything

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

CASE: OCLC SEMANTIC WEB PROJECTS

- FRBRising projects

- Developed FRBR work set algorithms’ andxISBN Web Services

- FictionFinder http://fictionfinder.oclc.org - WorldCat Identifiers (20 million identifiers)

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

CV: WHY ESTABLISH CONTROLLED VOCABU-LARIES?

Control values that occur in metadata Reduce ambiguity Control synonyms Make documentation available for reuse validate terms (by subject heading /

LCSH) Establish formal relationships among values

where appropriate

ALA Annual 2009Controlled vocabularies: ALA program on Linked Data

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

TYPES OF CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES USED IN METADATA STANDARDS

Lists of enumerated values Code lists (e.g. language, country) Taxonomies Formal Thesauri Locally controlled enumerated lists

ALA Annual 2009

Controlled vocabularies: ALA program on Linked Data

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

THESAURI

A thesaurus is a controlled vocabulary with multiple types of relationships

Example:Rice UF PaddyBT CerealsBT Plant productsNT Brown riceRT Rice straw

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

STANDARDS MAINTAINED AT LC CON-TAIN CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES

LCSH/NAF Thesaurus of Graphic Materials ISO 639-2 (language codes) MARC (including code lists) MODS METS PREMIS MIX (XML schema for NISO Z39.87 Technical

metadata for digital still images) … and some others

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

REPRESENTING INFORMATION ABOUT CONTROLLED VOCABULARY VALUES Data elements in metadata formats, e.g.

MARC Authority format XML schemas (sometimes as enumeration

values) RDF/XML and RDFS (Resource Description

Framework) SKOS MADS (Metadata Authority Description

Schema)

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

REASONS FOR DEVELOPING A WEB SERVICE FOR VOCABULARIES Facilitate development and maintenance

process for vocabularies Make controlled lists “openly” available Provide comprehensive information about

controlled values Experiment with semantic web technologies

and linked data Expose vocabularies to wider communities

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

POPULAR RDF VOCABULARIES People + Organisations

FOAF, HCard, Relationship, Resume Places

Geonames, Geo Events

RDFCalendar Social Media

SIOC, Review Topics + Tags

SKOS, MOAT, HolyGoat eCommerce

GoodRelations, CC Licensing More... Scovo, DOAP, Recipes, Measurements, ...

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

SKOS

“Simple Knowledge Organisation System(s)” A Semantic Web standard called Simple Knowl-

edge Organization System (SKOS) defines the organization of terms into thesaurus form, with broader and narrower terms and alternate terms including alternate language entries

Simple, extensible, machine-understandable rep-resentation for “concept schemes” Thesauri Classification Schemes Taxonomies Subject Headings Other types of ‘controlled vocabulary’…

Disadvantage: unusual concept schemes don’t fit into SKOS (original structure too complex)

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

A METHOD TO CONVERT THE-SAURI TO SKOS

Case 1 Original XML data file: http://www.esd.org.uk/standards/ipsv/ipsv.xml Original XML Schema file

http://www.esd.org.uk/standards/xmlschemas/taxonomy-v3.0.xsd Conversion program: convertipsv.pl (contains instructions for usage) Resulting RDF: ipsv/rdf/ipsv.rdf SKOS Core schema: 

http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core/history/2005-10-14 (version used for this paper, for latest version seehere)

Additional IPSV schema: ipsv/ipsv1-eswc06.rdf

Case 2 Partial original data files: gtaa/SampleOfGTAA.zip Conversion program: gtaa/GTAAtoSKOSinstanceRDFSv6.pl Resulting RDF: gtaa/GTAAinstancesSKOSv7.rdf SKOS Core schema: 

http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core/history/2005-10-14 (version used for this paper, for latest version seehere)

Additional GTAA schema: gtaa/GTAAskosModelRDFSv4.rdfs

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

CONVERTING INTO SKOS GRAPH

1. Identify2. Describe3. Publish

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

IDENTIFY

Step 1: Identify concepts…http://www.example.com/concepts#lovehttp://www.example.com/concepts#awehttp://www.example.com/concepts#joy

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

DESCRIBE

Step 2: Describe…

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

PUBLISH

Step 3: Publish…

Put the file on a web server for programs to download & process

Put the file on special RDF server on which you can query with SQL-like language:

Select * from … Where …

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

PUBLISHING LCSH IN THE WEB

Project LCSH into RDF (i.e., create an RDF representation)

Library of Congress Subject Headings available as linked-data using the SKOS vocabulary. http://lcsh.info

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

LCSH IN SKOS

 

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

LCSH IN SKOS

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

LCSH IN SKOS

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

SKOS USE CASES_2: NSDL METADATA REGISTRYhttp://metadataregistry.org/

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

SKOS USE CASES_3: GETTY

http://www.getty.edu/research/conducting_research/vocabularies/download.html

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

SKOS USE CASES_4: AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT STANDARDS (AIMS)

http://aims.fao.org/en/search/google/cow?query=cow&cx=011162950886884224513:ennli7xeebg&cof=FORID:11&sitesearch=&hl=en&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&lr=lang_en

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

FRBR CONCEPTUAL MODEL

Coyle (2008) advocates FRBR conceptual model

as part of a semantic model in saying “Since FRBR is about entities and relation-

ships, it seems to be perfectly positioned as the first step in the transformation of library data to the

semantic web.”

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

FRBR

Expression of Core FRBR Concepts in RDF

http://vocab.org/frbr/core.html This vocabulary is an expression in RDF of

the concepts and relations described in the IFLA report on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR).

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

FRBR AS A RDF VOCABULARY FRBR is a complete data model that is a new way of

looking at our data, not just taking existing records and identifying work relationships.

FRBR a type of RDF vocabulary entities and the relationships in FRBR is identifiable,

linkable, usable, and reusable, and everything can

be matched up.

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

FRBR-SKOS

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

RDA (RESOURCE DESCRIPTION AND ACCESS)

The new cataloging rules, replacing AACR2

RDA -> RDF

Joint DCMI/RDA task force Seed funding to develop initial prototype RDF

vocabularies for bibliographic information Based on FRBR and data model implicit in RDA Early stage year http://dublincore.org/dcmirdataskgroup/ Karen Coyle

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

LIBRARY RELATED LINKED DATA PROJECTS A brief and incomplete list of some library related Linked Data projects:

RDF BookMashup – Integration of Web 2.0 data sources like Amazon, Google or Yahoo into the Semantic Web.

Library of Congress Authorities – Exposing LoC Autorities and Vocabularies to the web using URI’s

DBPedia – Exposing structured data from WikiPedia to the web

LIBRIS – Linked Data interface to Swedish LIBRIS Union catalog

Scriblio+Wordpress+Triplify – “A social, semantic OPAC Union Catalogue”

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

LANGUAGE OF INTEROPERABILITY

Universal identifiers (URIs): like written word – For “connecting the dots”

Abstract syntax (RDF triples): sentence grammar– Foundation of syntactic interoperability

Vocabularies: words and concepts– Foundation of semantic interoperability

Platform for compatible domain models– Application Profiles

Human-understandable – machine-processable

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

5. PROPOSED MODELS FOR LIBRARIES WITH LINKED DATA

A publisher provides basic information about a book (e.g., using onix)

The National Library adds bibliographic and authority control

A local library adds holding information

Some nice guy out there adds links from, say, Wikipedia

A library’s IT staff creates a Webpage where I can find all related infor-mation regarding this book, links to related books from the same author, on the same subject, the author’s bio from wikipedia, comments from other Portals.

=>Since, instead of following links between HTML pages, Linked Data browsers enable users to navigate between different data sources by following RDF links.

How about User-created metadata

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

ADVANTAGES OVER OTHER METHODS No crosswalk/mapping

- Each one uses his own metadata format, all triples can be aggregated

No data redundancy

- Each one creates only the data he needs, and retrieves already existing information

No harvesting

- The data is available directly on the Web No branding issue

- The URIs allow to track down the original data whatever its origin

No software-specific developments

- Everything relies on open standards as RDF, SPARQL … no need to learn a new protocol or query

language

The 6th International Conference on Social Software, 15~16, 2009, Jeju, Ko-rea

Thank you for listening!

Questions?