Digital Information and Communication
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Transcript of Digital Information and Communication
Digital Information and Digital Information and CommunicationCommunication
Peters Chapter 6Peters Chapter 6
Unparalleled ChangeUnparalleled Change
Development of the PCDevelopment of the PC Improvement of telecommunicationsImprovement of telecommunications Development of multimedia Development of multimedia
technologytechnology Development of larger and more Development of larger and more
extensive databases connected to extensive databases connected to InternetInternet
An Optimistic AssessmentAn Optimistic Assessment
Convergence of mediaConvergence of media
Computer as a multimedia Computer as a multimedia
communications devicecommunications device
Audio and video conferencing on the Audio and video conferencing on the
desktopdesktop
Widen Communication ChannelsWiden Communication Channels
Distance turns into virtual proximityDistance turns into virtual proximity
Writing can be replaced with oralWriting can be replaced with oral
Inclusion of live voice of teacher and Inclusion of live voice of teacher and
learnerlearner
Rich dialogRich dialog
A Realistic InterpretationA Realistic Interpretation
Presence of media does not Presence of media does not guarantee useguarantee use
Hype does not translate into practiceHype does not translate into practice Obstacles include:Obstacles include:
MoneyMoney PracticePractice Institutional customInstitutional custom
First Pedagogical AnalysesFirst Pedagogical Analyses
Learning with filesLearning with files
The ability to create and extend The ability to create and extend personal files of knowledgepersonal files of knowledge
This potential for self-learning can This potential for self-learning can only be speculated at (growing only be speculated at (growing hypertexts)hypertexts)
HypermediaHypermedia
Changing teaching behaviorChanging teaching behavior Must teach on many levelsMust teach on many levels Break text into nodesBreak text into nodes Great promise for addressing Great promise for addressing
students in a multi-modal waystudents in a multi-modal way Difficult to createDifficult to create
HypermediaHypermedia
Changing learning behaviorChanging learning behavior Granted more freedomGranted more freedom Must find their way through hypertextMust find their way through hypertext Strategies dealing with implicit and Strategies dealing with implicit and
explicit linking. Three possible ways:explicit linking. Three possible ways: Browsing Browsing Searching for defined informationSearching for defined information Following a teacher-defined pathFollowing a teacher-defined path
Knowledge-building CommunityKnowledge-building Community
Bootstrapping knowledge creation Bootstrapping knowledge creation through shared contributionsthrough shared contributions
All have role as learner and teacherAll have role as learner and teacher Is constructivist, autonomous, Is constructivist, autonomous,
collaborative, authenticcollaborative, authentic
Teaching ProgramsTeaching Programs
CAI - known strengths and CAI - known strengths and weaknessesweaknesses
Learning with data-file coursesLearning with data-file courses
From print to new mediaFrom print to new media
Is the medium the message, or is Is the medium the message, or is there no difference between delivery?there no difference between delivery?
Richer opportunities in new mediaRicher opportunities in new media
Computer ConferencingComputer Conferencing
Dominance of text is “absurd”Dominance of text is “absurd”
Computer ConferencingComputer Conferencing
AdvantagesAdvantages Detailed record of class proceedingsDetailed record of class proceedings Students consider replies more deeplyStudents consider replies more deeply Virtual tutorial spaceVirtual tutorial space Peer discussion predominatePeer discussion predominate Lessens isolationLessens isolation Even some emotional and social bonds Even some emotional and social bonds
that are uniquely strongthat are uniquely strong
Computer ConferencingComputer Conferencing
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Less spontaneousLess spontaneous Some students tend to dominateSome students tend to dominate Students can drop out and not be missedStudents can drop out and not be missed Can be overwhelmed by data if not Can be overwhelmed by data if not
logged in for a whilelogged in for a while If not well moderated, can degenerate to If not well moderated, can degenerate to
"small-talk""small-talk"
Audio- and Video-ConferencingAudio- and Video-Conferencing
What innovations do these bring? What innovations do these bring? GarrisonGarrison Essence of learning and teaching is Essence of learning and teaching is
communicationscommunications Dependent on quality of communicationDependent on quality of communication Are able to [re]capture all classroom Are able to [re]capture all classroom
techniques techniques
Many strive to recreate the university Many strive to recreate the university classroom in these mediaclassroom in these media
Audio- and Video-ConferencingAudio- and Video-Conferencing
Four types of teleconferencingFour types of teleconferencing Two-way audioTwo-way audio Two-way audiograhics (adds graphics to Two-way audiograhics (adds graphics to
communications line)communications line) One-way video and two-way audioOne-way video and two-way audio Two-way video and two-way audioTwo-way video and two-way audio
All improved by great bandwidth and All improved by great bandwidth and computer enhancementcomputer enhancement
Audio- and Video-ConferencingAudio- and Video-Conferencing
Have created an explosion of learningHave created an explosion of learning
Audio- and Video-ConferencingAudio- and Video-Conferencing
American modelAmerican model Extended university classroomExtended university classroom Always interactive and in real timeAlways interactive and in real time Requires the least change of instructorsRequires the least change of instructors 'Face to face teaching at a distance’'Face to face teaching at a distance’
Audio- and Video-ConferencingAudio- and Video-Conferencing
Ways to get beyond this conservative Ways to get beyond this conservative modelmodel Mixed mode with only some class Mixed mode with only some class
functions in teleconferencefunctions in teleconference Partial use as extension of classesPartial use as extension of classes Search for other pedagogic modelsSearch for other pedagogic models
Concludes that use intimating Concludes that use intimating classroom is transitoryclassroom is transitory
Commentary on VCCommentary on VC
Does this represent the future of Does this represent the future of distance education?distance education?
NO!NO! American videoconferencing is NOT American videoconferencing is NOT
distance educationdistance education Americans are concerned with Americans are concerned with
'access', Europeans with pedagogy'access', Europeans with pedagogy
Autonomous LearningAutonomous Learning
This is the ultimate goal of educationThis is the ultimate goal of education Reality cannot be taught, but must be Reality cannot be taught, but must be
constructed by an autonomous constructed by an autonomous learnerlearner
Argues that learning is simple a Argues that learning is simple a process of individual searching and process of individual searching and constructingconstructing
Autonomous LearningAutonomous Learning
Tight leash or more autonomy?Tight leash or more autonomy? ComputerComputer
Storage frees student memoryStorage frees student memory Provides access to large quantities of Provides access to large quantities of
informationinformation Create independent assessmentCreate independent assessment Create personal knowledge structuresCreate personal knowledge structures Graphical representationsGraphical representations
SummarySummary
Learners become researchers and Learners become researchers and designersdesigners
Integrated PresentationIntegrated Presentation
Escape from tyranny of text to oralityEscape from tyranny of text to orality Motion pictures and animationMotion pictures and animation Accounts for television and new Accounts for television and new
sense balancessense balances DE practitioner must provide multi-DE practitioner must provide multi-
modal environmentmodal environment
Occasional & Transversal LearningOccasional & Transversal Learning
Just-in-time learningJust-in-time learning Trans-discipline learningTrans-discipline learning Embedded in lifeEmbedded in life Non-sequential, but determined by Non-sequential, but determined by
needneed
EndEnd
Return to AgendaReturn to Agenda