Digital Cinema Standards

THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions

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Digital Cinema Standards

Dave BancroftThomson Broadcast & Media Solutions

IBC 2003



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Digital Cinema Standards

• Questions deserving answers

1. What is “digital cinema”?

2. Why are standards needed?

3. Who are the players in the game and what are they up to?


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What is Digital Cinema?

ConventionalCinema

ConventionalCinematography

Laboratory Services(photo-chemical production)


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Laboratory Services(photo-chemical production)

ConventionalCinema



Digital Motion Picture Production

Film Rec

Film Scan

DigitalCinematography

DigitalCinema


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ConventionalCinema





Film Rec

Film Scan

DigitalCinema


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DigitalCinema


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DigitalCinema


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ConventionalCinema




DigitalCinema

(distribution/exhibition)


Film Scan

Film Rec

Digital Motion PictureProduction


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Why are standards needed?

• 35 mm release print precedent– single standard - worldwide compatibility

– unlike television !

• “worldwide digital 35 mm release print” ?

– please, no 50Hz / 60Hz divide !

– please, no 23.976 Hz or 59.94 Hz

– please, no drop frame!


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Who are the players?

• Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) - DC28 committee– due process standards-creation forum

• Digital Cinema Initiative (DCI)– user input to standards process

• European Digital Cinema Forum (EDCF)– user input to standards process

– content & distribution alternatives

• others?


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What are they doing?

SMPTEDC28

?

DCI

EDCF

userrequirements


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SMPTE DC28


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What is SMPTE Digital Cinema?

DigitalSourceMaster(DSM)

ConventionalCinema



DigitalCinema



Film Rec

Film Scan

Digital Motion PictureProduction

DigitalCinema

DistributionMaster

(DCDM)


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DigitalCinema


DigitalCinema

DistributionMaster

(DCDM)

Conventional

on Picture


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DigitalCinema


DigitalCinema

DistributionMaster

(DCDM)

Conventional

on Picture

Distribution Exhibition


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Distribution ExhibitionMasteringDCDM


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First-Round DC28 Work

Distribution ExhibitionMasteringDCDM

Compression

Encryption

Transport

Audio

Theater Systems

Projection

Colorimetry

Packaging

(DTIM)


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1st Round - DTIM versus DCDM

• DTIM (digital theater interim master):– 1920 x 1080

– 4:2:2

– 1.85:1 and 2.4:1 aspect ratios

– “wide” colour space

– 24p only (maybe 23.98p for post compatibility)

• DCDM (Digital Cinema Distribution Master)– “embracing image parameters extending well

beyond HD”


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SMPTE DC28 Redux


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DistributionDC28.20

ExhibitionDC28.30

MasteringDC28.10

DCDMCompression

Encryption

Transport

Audio

Theater Systems

Projection

Overview Ad Hoc Group

(DTIM)

DSM DSM DCDM

Subtitling

Sub-pictures

Audio mastering

Colour Image Encoding

DTIM

DCDM-1

Sub-picture

Timed Text

Encryption

Packaging

Segmentation

Key Management

Link Encryption

Projector Interface

Proj. Measurement

Proj. Luminance

ad hocgroups

workinggroups

DC28 Technology Committee


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DTIM

• For field trials, demos• Unification of techniques to allow “apples for

apples” comparisons• NOT intended for the actual D-Cinema rollout


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DCDM

• Digital Cinema Distribution Master


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DCDM-1 Container

X Pixels Y Pixels

Container Aspect Ratio

Pixel Aspect Ratio

Total M PELS

Fram e Rate

4096 2048 2.00 1 8.3886 24.0000

Common container principle

X Pixels Y Pixels

Image Aspect Ratio

Pixel Aspect Ratio

Total M PELS

Frame Rate

2724 2048 1.33 1 5.5784 24.00003400 2048 1.66 1 6.9625 24.00003790 2048 1.85 1 7.7619 24.00004096 2048 2.00 1 8.3886 24.00004096 1714 2.39 1 7.0198 24.0000

Accommodating different aspect ratios - examples

active pixels


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2:1

DCDM-1 Container

1.85

2.39

Storaro2:1


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DCDM-1 Colorimetry• Wide colour gamut encoding/exchange primaries

EncodingPrimaries x y

X 1.0000 0.0000

Y 0.0000 1.0000

Z 0.0000 0.000

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.000.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00x

y

X

Y

Z

“gamut container”

CodingCode value = 4095*([L/P]1/2.6)(12 bits per component)L = luminance valueP = peak luminance

gamutof some

realdisplay


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What are they doing?

SMPTEDC28

?

userrequirements

DCI

EDCF

DCI


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Digital Cinema Initiative (DCI)

• Represents studio input to SMPTE DC28 process– DCI specification V2.0 (available on request)– further versions in pipeline

• Seven Hollywood studios:– Disney– Fox– MGM– Paramount– Sony– Universal– Warner Bros– input from other parties

• Content type - first run major feature movies


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DCI Work Items

• Resolution, colour space, other image issues• Image compression• Audio issues

– more channels

– accessibility options

• Security issues• Desire for MXF-compliant packaging

– current SMPTE DC28.20 ballots


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Example - DCI Image Compression

• Test different algorithms, various source types– ASC film tests

• 35mm• 65mm

– separate digital cinematography test

– CG content test

• Open to anyone who wants to participate


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EDCF

SMPTEDC28

?

userrequirements

DCI

EDCFEDCF


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EDCF

• Technical Module (EDCF-T)• Commercial Module • Content Module

• Technical Module (EDCF-T)• Commercial Module • Content Module


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EDCF-T

• General remit:– collect and consolidate user inputs to formal

standards bodies

– cover additional areas• alternative content• alternative screening conditions and venues


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EDCF-T Service Levels

• Multiple levels– present day TV up to SMPTE D-Cinema level

– come to the EDCF-T meeting• IBC Conference Room O, Tuesday morning 0930 !


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EDCF

SMPTEDC28

?

userrequirements

DCI

EDCF

alternative content, alternative venues

first-run major features


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Others?

SMPTEDC28

?

userrequirements

DCI

EDCF


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Conclusion

• Standardisation must embrace widely varying requirements of users– first-run major features/large-scale venues

– alternative content/alternative venues

• Partial, not total, congruence between European and North American perspectives

• Major effort in SMPTE, with user input from DCI, EDCF and many others


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Participation

• SMPTE - http://www.smpte.org– sign up as a participant or observer

• physical or electronic participation

– next meetings: Encino (LA) October 7-8

• EDCF – – come to meeting tomorrow - 09:30 Room O !

Digital Cinema Standards

Documents

Transcript of Digital Cinema Standards