Digital cartography and natural disaster management
Transcript of Digital cartography and natural disaster management
APPLICATION OF DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY IN NATURAL HAZARDS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Presented By: Medam Mariyam kareemPresented By: Muhammad AzazRoll no 1811
Department of GeographyGC University Faisalabad
Key Terms
Disaster Management A systematic process which aims to reduce the impact or consequences
of any adverse event like, Flood, Earthquake, Disease etc. It is more then just response and relief.
Hazard It is a potential for a natural or Human-Caused event with negative
impacts or consequences. Emergency
It is a situation generated by real or imminent occurrence od an event that requires immediate response/Attention.
Disaster It is a natural or human-caused event which causes intensive negative
impact on people, goods, services and/or environment acceding the affected community’s capability to respond.
Two Different Situations
An Emergency is a situation in which the community is capable of coping.
A Disaster is a situation in which the community is incapable of coping. It is a natural or human-caused event which causes intense negative impacts on people, goods, services and/or the environment,
Role of Geospatial Technology
Better data storage Better data analysis Handy in planning Helpful for stakeholders/ Decision Makers
Components or tools of Geospatial Technology
GIS Free hand Map viewer Coral draw
Application of Digital Cartography
In digital cartography GIS is a tool that allows users to create interactive queries (user created searches), analyze the spatial information, edit data, maps, and present the results of all these operations.
The specific application in Risk Assessment are, Hazard mapping to show earthquake, floods, landslide or fire.
These maps are used for warning system.
Application of Digital Cartography
In digital cartography GIS application can be useful in the following activities
To create Hazard inventory maps Locate Critical Facilities To help out the peoples
Digital Cartography and the Disaster Management Cycle
Planning
Digital cartography is useful in helping with forward planning. It provides the framework for planners and disaster managers to view spatial data by way of
computer based maps. Mitigation
Representation of High risk areas Facilitates the implementation of necessary mechanism to lessen the
impact. Preparedness
Identification of emergency areas on the map. Positions of related departments, Agencies, and Human Resources, Make it easier for security and shelters provides to plan the strategies Answer that who is to be based where and at what phase of emergency
GIS and the Disaster Management Cycle
Response Provide accurate information on exact location of an emergency
situation Time saving during the determination of trouble areas (Quick
Response) Used as floor guide for evacuation routes
Recovery Mapping level of damage Information related to disrupted infrastructure, number of persons
died or injured and impact on Environment.
GIS and Emergency Shelters
GIS can be used by shelter operators to capture specific personal details of persons being housed at the shelters.
It would make it possible to assess the number of needed shelters and the structure of that suffering population like, children, adults, disables etc..
GIS and Distribution of relief
In affected areas during and after disaster, Food Drops is always likely to take place.
This process can be helped with GIS as maps can be generated which identify the specific areas with clusters of victims are located and the unique need of persons within these clusters.
GIS and Data gathering
The data is gathered for the analysis and to assess the need of activities and actions before, during and after the disaster.
By the use of this data, maps of most vulnerable areas can be produced and those areas can be highlighted which are most prone to disasters.
Advantages of GIS
Ability to represent geographical information 2D and 3D
It provides the facility to integrate the different geo-spatial information.
It effectively collect, analyze, manage and distribute up-to-date information
It is versatile and easy to use for big purposes, but requires a little training to get individuals involved in process.
The GIS based database provides better environment for future planning.
References
Vayas, T. & Desai, A., 2007. Information Technology for Disaster Management. Computing for Nation Development. New Delhi.
Jhonson, R., 2000. GIS Technology for Disaster and Emergency Management. ESRI white papers. United States
VUSSC* . “Introduction to Disaster Management”. Ver. 1
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