Digital Camera

Real Time Embedded Systems

Module1 . Architecture of Embedded Systems

Unit 1 Concepts and Examples

Unit 2 Reverse Engineering of a Cell Phone

Unit 3 Reverse Engineering of a Digital Camera

Unit 4 Generic Architecture of an Embedded System

Unit 5 Components of Embedded Systems


Architecture


System

Subsystems (PCBs)

Processor Level Components (Integrated Circuits)

(Microprocessors, Memory, I/O devices etc)

Gate Level Components Generally inside the

Integrated Circuits rarely outside

The Hierarchical Components


Smart Insulin Pen


Digital Camera


MCU (Micro Controller Unit)

is responsible for handling flash-light, Status LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), Zoom Lens PosiGon Sensing, communicaGng through Infrared port (Ir Rx), BaKery and Universal Serial Bus (USB) voltage monitoring, Motor Drive


TI Media Processor

is responsible for, USB and RS232C interface, IEEE-1394 interface (a standard prescribed for digital cameras) CommunicaGng and Managing with Analog Front End (AFE) which is interfaced with the CCD (Charge Coupled Device) photo sensor, Audio CODEC control, Memory Management, controlling the TFT unit (Thin Film Transistor: An LCD screen technology used in laptop's and some of the newer type monitors)


CCDC: CCD CMOS Controller, IPIPE: Image Pipe, H3A: Hardware 3A registers OSD: On Screen Display, VPBE: Video Processing Back End, VPSS: Video Port Subsystem DLL: Delay Locked Loop, PHY: Physical Layer: AEMIF: Advanced External Memory Interface ASP: Analog Signal Processing, MMC/SD: Multi Media Card, Secure Digital, SPI: Serial Port Interface I2C: IC to IC interface, WDT: Watch Dog Timer, GIO: General Purpose IO, RTO: Real Time Output


CCD A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an image sensor, consisGng of an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, light-sensiGve capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit, each capacitor can transfer its electric charge to one or other of its neighbors.

More SensiGve Photographic Films 70% compared to just 2% uGlizaGon


Some Sensors


Some Pictures in a Vehicle under Low Light (1.3 Lux)


Very Low Light 0.7 Lux


Bayer Filter


A Bayer filter mosaic is a color filter array (CFA) for arranging RGB color filters on a square grid of photosensors. The term derives from the name of its inventor, Dr. Bryce E. Bayer of Eastman Kodak, and refers to a parGcular arrangement of color filters used in most single-chip digital image sensors used in digital cameras, camcorders, and scanners to create a color image. The filter paKern is 50% green, 25% red and 25% blue, hence is also called RGBG or GRGB.

Digital Camera

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