Digestive and Excretory Digestive and Excretory SystemsSystems

Vocabulary Lesson 3Vocabulary Lesson 31. 1. salivasaliva – a liquid in your mouth that – a liquid in your mouth that starts to break down the food you eatstarts to break down the food you eat2. 2. peristalsisperistalsis – the squeezing action of – the squeezing action of organs that moves food all the way organs that moves food all the way through the digestive systemthrough the digestive system3. 3. pancreaspancreas – the digestive organ that – the digestive organ that makes pancreatic juices, which help break makes pancreatic juices, which help break down starches, proteins, and fatsdown starches, proteins, and fats

4. 4. bilebile – a digestive fluid made by the – a digestive fluid made by the liver, helps digest fatsliver, helps digest fats5. 5. gallbladdergallbladder – the organ in the – the organ in the digestive system that stores biledigestive system that stores bile6. 6. digestiondigestion – is the process of – is the process of breaking down food into a form your breaking down food into a form your body can usebody can use7. 7. nutrientsnutrients – are substances in food – are substances in food that the body needs to work properlythat the body needs to work properly

1. What happens in your 1. What happens in your mouth?mouth?

– a. Teeth chop and a. Teeth chop and grind food into smaller grind food into smaller piecespieces

– b. Chopped food mixes b. Chopped food mixes with saliva that helps with saliva that helps break down foodbreak down food

i. Liquids are called i. Liquids are called digestive digestive juicesjuices

– c. More c. More salivasaliva is made is made when you eatwhen you eat

2. What happens in your 2. What happens in your esophagus and stomach?esophagus and stomach?

– a. After swallowing, food goes to a. After swallowing, food goes to the the esophagusesophagus

– b. Food is moved by a wavelike, b. Food is moved by a wavelike, squeezing action called squeezing action called peristalsisperistalsis

– c. Food then enters the c. Food then enters the stomach, which is a hollow, stomach, which is a hollow, muscular organ that breaks muscular organ that breaks down fooddown food

i. Glands in the stomach make i. Glands in the stomach make acidacid and other digestive juices and other digestive juices

ii. The walls squeeze food and mix it ii. The walls squeeze food and mix it with juices to form a thick liquidwith juices to form a thick liquid

3. What happens in your small and large 3. What happens in your small and large intestines?intestines?

a. Food enters the a. Food enters the smallsmall intestinesintestines after the stomach after the stomach (most absorption occurs here)(most absorption occurs here)

b. The pancreas b. The pancreas makes pancreatic makes pancreatic juices that break juices that break down starches, down starches, proteins, and fats in proteins, and fats in the food the food

c. Cells in the c. Cells in the pancreas also make pancreas also make a hormone called a hormone called insulininsulin, which helps , which helps your body use sugaryour body use sugar

– d. The d. The liverliver is another is another digestive organ that makes digestive organ that makes a fluid called bile, which a fluid called bile, which flows into the gallbladderflows into the gallbladder

– e. Gallbladder stores e. Gallbladder stores bilebile, , and doesn’t make any of and doesn’t make any of it’s own fluidsit’s own fluids

i. Bile is squirted out when i. Bile is squirted out when fats enter the small intestines fats enter the small intestines

– f. f. nutrientsnutrients enter the blood enter the blood in the small intestines in the small intestines though capillaries though capillaries

– g. not all food can be g. not all food can be digested in the body – digested in the body – those parts pass to the those parts pass to the large intestineslarge intestines

i. wider and shorter than i. wider and shorter than small intestinessmall intestines

ii. takes most of the ii. takes most of the remaining remaining waterwater out of food out of food and forms solid waste and forms solid waste removed during a bowel removed during a bowel movementmovement

iii. Eating food with water iii. Eating food with water and indigestive materials, and indigestive materials, like fresh fruits and like fresh fruits and vegetables help the large vegetables help the large intestine empty regularlyintestine empty regularly

Review Lesson 3Review Lesson 3

What does the What does the digestive system digestive system do?do?

What happens to What happens to food in the food in the stomach? stomach?

How do the How do the materials in food materials in food get to the cells of get to the cells of your body?your body?

Vocabulary Lesson 4Vocabulary Lesson 41. 1. kidneys kidneys – two bean-shaped – two bean-shaped organs that remove most of the organs that remove most of the extra water and cell wastes from extra water and cell wastes from your bloodyour blood

2. 2. urineurine – the liquid waste filtered – the liquid waste filtered from the blood by the kidneysfrom the blood by the kidneys

3. 3. ureter ureter – a narrow tube that – a narrow tube that comes out of each kidney and comes out of each kidney and connects to the urinary bladderconnects to the urinary bladder

4. 4. urethraurethra – a tube connected to – a tube connected to the bladder that releases urine the bladder that releases urine outside of the bodyoutside of the body

1. How does the 1. How does the urinary system get urinary system get rid of waste?rid of waste?

– a. Make up of a. Make up of kidneys, bladder, and kidneys, bladder, and tubes – all hold liquid tubes – all hold liquid wastewaste

– b. Kidneys are in your b. Kidneys are in your backback at about waist at about waist level, look like 2 level, look like 2 beans beans

i. Remove most of the i. Remove most of the cell wastes and extra cell wastes and extra water from the bloodwater from the blood

ii. Water and waste ii. Water and waste combine to form urinecombine to form urine

– c. a narrow tube c. a narrow tube called the called the ureterureter comes out of comes out of each kidney and each kidney and connect to the connect to the urinary bladder urinary bladder (bag-like)(bag-like)

– d. bladder fills d. bladder fills with urine and with urine and then is released then is released through a tube through a tube called the called the urethraurethra

2. How does your skin help 2. How does your skin help get rid of waste? get rid of waste?

– a. Sweat glands remove water, a. Sweat glands remove water, salt, and other waste from the salt, and other waste from the blood in the form of blood in the form of perspirationperspiration, or sweat, or sweat

– b. Sweat leaves your body b. Sweat leaves your body through small openings in the through small openings in the skin called pores, water in the skin called pores, water in the sweat evaporates, other wastes sweat evaporates, other wastes stay on skin until you stay on skin until you wash wash them awaythem away

– c. The excretory system helps c. The excretory system helps keep keep wasteswastes from remaining in from remaining in your body, which keeps your your body, which keeps your cells healthycells healthy

Review Lesson 4Review Lesson 4

What is the job of your excretory What is the job of your excretory system?system?

What does your urinary bladder do?What does your urinary bladder do?

How do the sweat glands remove How do the sweat glands remove wastes from your body?wastes from your body?