DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION...
Transcript of DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION...
![Page 1: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DIGESTION
![Page 2: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
DIGESTION
General function
Ingestion & breakdown of complex
organic matter for use in metabolic
process of the body
Ingestion
Mechanical & chemical digestion
Nutrient absorption
Elimination of remaining
undigested materials
2
![Page 3: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Categories of Digestive Systems
Incomplete vs. complete
Gastrovascular cavity
Gastrointestinal tract
3
![Page 4: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Quick Quiz: Advantages of a tube-
shaped digestive tract include…
A) The ability to process more than one meal
at a time
B) Specialization of various portions of the
digestive system
C) Ability to expel harmful waste products
more efficiently
D) A and B only
E) All of the above
4
![Page 5: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Human Digestive System: Oral Cavity
Digestive processes
Mechanical digestion
Teeth, tongue
Chemical digestion
Saliva
Softening
Amylase
Starch
breakdown
Esophagus 5
![Page 6: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Human Digestive System: Stomach
Storage
Digestion processes
Mechanical digestion
“churn”
Chemical digestion
HCl & pepsin
Protein
breakdown
6
![Page 7: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Quick Quiz: True or false: Mechanical
digestion is done only in the oral
cavity.
A) True
B) False
7
![Page 8: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Human Digestive System:
Small Intestine
Digestive processes
Chemical digestion
Lipase
Protease
Amylase
Absorption
Segments
Duodenum (10 ft)
Jejunum (8 ft)
Ileum (12 ft)
8
![Page 9: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Human Digestive System:
Small Intestine
Absorption
3 levels of folding to
increase surface area
Organ
Circular folds
Tissue
Villi
Cell
Microvilli
9
![Page 10: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Small Intestine
10
![Page 11: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Small Intestine
Absorption of
nutrients
Blood
Amino acids
Monosaccharides
Lymph
Lipids
+
11
![Page 12: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Quick Quiz: The small intestine uses
all of the following enzymes in
digestion EXCEPT…
A) Amylase
B) Lipase
C) Protease
D) Nuclease
12
![Page 13: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Human Digestive System:
Accessory Organs
Liver
Recycles blood cells
Detoxification reactions
Nutrient & vitamin storage
Bile production
Gall bladder
Bile storage & concentration
Bile = salts + phospholipids + cholesterol + pigment
13
![Page 14: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Human Digestive System:
Accessory Organs
Pancreas
Mixed gland
Endocrine
Hormones
Exocrine
Digestive enzymes
Bicarbonate
14
![Page 15: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Human Digestive System:
Large Intestine (Colon)
Digestive processes
Absorption
Water
Vitamins
Waste concentration
15
![Page 16: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Intestinal Function
Peristalsis
Contraction of muscles around the intestine cause
food to progress through the gut
16
![Page 17: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Intestinal Function
Efficiency of digestion
9 L daily intake
Food, water, saliva, etc.
8.5 L absorbed by SI
Nutrients
350 ml absorbed by LI
Water
150 g excreted
Moist solid
17
![Page 18: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Quick Quiz: The process of alternating
muscular contractions which results in
movement of digesting food through
the intestine is called…
A) Epistasis
B) Peristalsis
C) Parastalsis
D) Cryostasis
18
![Page 19: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Variations in Vertebrate Digestive
Systems
Relate to variations in diet
Herbivores
Consume plant material only
Carnivores
Consume flesh of other organisms primarily
Omnivores
Consume both plants and flesh
19
![Page 20: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Variations in Vertebrate Digestive
Systems
Birds
Crop
Stomach
Gizzard
Cloaca
20
![Page 21: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
stomach
chamber 2
stomach
chamber 3
stomach
chamber 4
stomach
chamber 1
to small intestine
Variations in Vertebrate Digestive
Systems
Ruminant herbivores
E.g., cow, goat, sheep, antelope
Large divided 4-chambered stomach
Rumen (1st chamber)
“Fermentation vat”
Bacterial breakdown of cellulose
Regurgitate & rechew (cud)
21
![Page 22: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Variations in Vertebrate Digestive
Systems
Non-ruminant herbivores
E.g., rabbit, rodents (some), horses
Enlarged cecum
Coprophagy
22
![Page 23: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Variations in Vertebrate Digestive
Systems
Carnivores
Shorter intestines
Small cecum
Gorging
23
![Page 24: DIGESTION - Warner Pacific Universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102... · DIGESTION General function Ingestion & breakdown of complex organic matter for use in metabolic](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040911/5e84fea4bd00a1378a2f8050/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Quick Quiz: Which of these animals is
most likely to have a large cecum and
no rumen?
A) Guinea pig
B) Deer
C) Penguin
D) Chimpanzee
24