Digestion The Function of the Digestive System. Digestion The mechanical and chemical breakdown of...
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Transcript of Digestion The Function of the Digestive System. Digestion The mechanical and chemical breakdown of...
DigestionThe Function of the Digestive System
Digestion
• The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food for use
• ABSORPTION– The passage of digested
food from the digestive tract into the circulatory system.
• ELIMINATION– The expulsion of
undigested food or body waste.
• MASTICATION• Break food into smaller pieces
• SALIVA• Lubricates and breaks
down food
•TONGUE•Forms food into a ball preparing it to be swallowed
• ESOPHAGUS• Food passes through the
esophagus to the stomach by peristalsis
• STOMACH• Flexible- expands when
you eat.
• Continues to breakdown the food
• Stores food until it enters the small intestine
• Mixes gastric juices with the food while it continues the breakdown process
• Controls food entering the small intestine
• SMALL INTESTINE• Chyme enters the small
intestine at the duodenum• From the duodenum it is
then passed to the jejunum• The small intestine is
lined with villi especially the jejunum
• Villi increases the surface area for increased food absorption
• Unabsorbed materials leave the small intestine and enter the large intestine
~LARGE INTESTINE
(COLON)
• Absorbs water, vitamins, minerals and salts into the blood
• Eliminates undigested food
Liver
• Breaks down drugs and poisons into water soluble substances
• Excretes this substance into the bile
Gallbladder
• Releases bile into the duodenum to breakdown fat substances
Pancreas-Releases three digestive enzymes to breakdown food
• Trypsin ~ digests protein
• Amylase ~ digests carbohydrates
• Lipase ~ digests fats
CARE FOR THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Eat a variety of foods
Eat foods low in fat and high fiber
Eat slowly
Do not wash food down with liquid
Drink plenty of water
Avoid using food to cope with stress
Indigestion
• Eating too much
• Eating too quickly
• Eating certain foods
• Eating while stressed
Heartburn
• Stomach acid flowing into the esophagus
Diarrhea• Food passing to quickly
through the large intestine
• Changing eating styles
• Food poisoning
• Overeating
• Emotional turmoil
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Bacterial or viral infection
Constipation
• Food passes to slowly through the large intestine
• Lack of fiber
• Erratic eating habits
• Drinking to little water
• Lack of exercise
Gallstones
• Small crystals that form in the gallbladder when chemical composition of the bile is disrupted
Appendicitis
• Bacteria or foreign substances lodged in the appendix
• Fills with puss • Pain and cramps lower
right portion of the abdomen
• Fever
• Loss of appetite• Nausea• Vomiting• Surgical removal of
the appendix
Lactose Intolerance
• Sugar present in milk
• Lack of lactase enzyme to breakdown lactose
• Cramping, bloating, gas and diarrhea
Gastritis
• Inflammation of the mucus membrane that lines the stomach
• Irritation from foods, aspirin, smoke, tobacco, alcohol, or bacteria
• Pain in the upper abdomen, nausea and vomiting
• Medication to coat the lining of the stomach
Peptic ulcer
• Sore in the lining of the digestive tract
• Esophagus, stomach or duodenum
• Damage to the protective lining
• Aspirin, ibuprofen, anti-inflammatory medication, tobacco, infection.
Colitis
• Inflammation of the colon
• Bacterial or viral infection
• Diarrhea with blood and mucus, abdominal pain and fever
Hemorrhoids
• Swollen veins in the anus or rectum
• Constipation, sitting or pregnancy
• Exercise, fiber
• Tooth Decay