DigestionDigestion“From Food to Feces”“From Food to Feces”How would you digest that?How would you digest that?

Mmmmm….Mmmmm….

MonogastricMonogastric

Included in humans and Included in humans and pigspigs

Characterized by one Characterized by one stomach with one stomach with one compartmentcompartment

Due to this one stomach, Due to this one stomach, feedstuffs must be in the feedstuffs must be in the form of grains as they are form of grains as they are easier to digesteasier to digest

How do you get swine flu? How do you get swine flu?

MonogastricMonogastricComprised of:Comprised of:– MouthMouth– EsophagusEsophagus– StomachStomach– Small IntestineSmall Intestine– CecumCecum– Large IntestineLarge Intestine– RectumRectum

“It all starts with the mouth…open up!”

MonogastricMonogastric

MouthMouth– Where food enters the digestive Where food enters the digestive

tracttractTeeth chew to break down food Teeth chew to break down food

– Enzymatic breakdown of starch Enzymatic breakdown of starch beginsbegins

Saliva is an enzyme which breaks Saliva is an enzyme which breaks down starchdown starch

– The tongue helps move food The tongue helps move food around and push it to the next around and push it to the next part of the digestive systempart of the digestive system

My teeth are amazingly strong.

Did you know chewing is also

called MASTICATION?

Monogastric MouthMonogastric Mouth

MonogastricMonogastric

EsophagusEsophagus– Tube which carries food from Tube which carries food from

the mouth to the stomachthe mouth to the stomach– Pushes with a series of muscle Pushes with a series of muscle

contractions called contractions called PERISTALSIS.PERISTALSIS.

I really have to go the

bathroom!

MonogastricMonogastricStomachStomach– Chamber where chemicals Chamber where chemicals

are added to the foodare added to the food– Cells secrete hydrochloric Cells secrete hydrochloric

acid and enzymesacid and enzymesThese help break down food These help break down food into basic carbohydrates, into basic carbohydrates, proteins, and fatsproteins, and fats

Some smaller particles are Some smaller particles are absorbed into the blood absorbed into the blood stream through the stomach stream through the stomach wallwall

Monogastric StomachMonogastric Stomach

MonogastricMonogastric

Small IntestineSmall Intestine– Complex tube which lies in Complex tube which lies in

a spirala spiralAbsorbs nutrients!Absorbs nutrients!

– Cells produce enzymes to Cells produce enzymes to help break down food help break down food furtherfurther

MonogastricMonogastricCecumCecum– Known as the “blind Known as the “blind

gut”gut”– Located between Located between

the small and large the small and large intestinesintestines

– Has little function in Has little function in the monogastric the monogastric digestive systemdigestive system

I have a really big cecum!

MonogastricMonogastric

Large IntestineLarge Intestine– Shorter than the small intestine, but larger in Shorter than the small intestine, but larger in

diameterdiameter– Main function is the absorption of waterMain function is the absorption of water– Mucous is added to the matter to make it Mucous is added to the matter to make it

easier to pass through the rest of the systemeasier to pass through the rest of the system

MonogastricMonogastric

RectumRectum– The terminal portion of the large intestineThe terminal portion of the large intestine– Leads to the anus where the remaining Leads to the anus where the remaining

wastes are passed outside of the bodywastes are passed outside of the body

Monogastric Cecum and Large Monogastric Cecum and Large IntestineIntestine

How well do you remember?How well do you remember?

Ruminant (Polygastric)Ruminant (Polygastric)Found in goats, sheep, Found in goats, sheep, cattle, deer, camels, cattle, deer, camels, giraffes, llamas and moregiraffes, llamas and more

Characterized by one Characterized by one stomach with four stomach with four compartmentscompartments

Used for the digestion of Used for the digestion of mass quantities of mass quantities of roughagesroughages– Hay and grassesHay and grasses

If you are wondering…I am a YAK!If you are wondering…I am a YAK!I am proud to say I chew my CUD I am proud to say I chew my CUD

and I am a ruminant!and I am a ruminant!

RuminantRuminant

Comprised of:Comprised of:– MouthMouth– EsophagusEsophagus– StomachStomach

RumenRumenReticulumReticulumAbomasumAbomasumOmasumOmasum

– Small IntestineSmall Intestine– CecumCecum– Large IntestineLarge Intestine– RectumRectum

RuminantRuminantMouthMouth– Functions the Functions the

same as in same as in monogastrics monogastrics except:except:

Ruminants Ruminants regurgitate their regurgitate their food and re-chew itfood and re-chew itA cow makes A cow makes between 40,000-between 40,000-60,000 jaw 60,000 jaw movements a day movements a day chewingchewing

What’s up…I’m chewing my

Cud…Sometimes I chew over 100

times before swallowing!

RuminantRuminant

EsophagusEsophagus– Same as in a monogastric except:Same as in a monogastric except:

Cardiac valve allows animal to regurgitate feed Cardiac valve allows animal to regurgitate feed stuffs to be chewed repeatedlystuffs to be chewed repeatedly

RuminantRuminant

What is so grand about regurgitating food?What is so grand about regurgitating food?– Would you like to eat this?Would you like to eat this?– If you did eat this, how efficiently would your If you did eat this, how efficiently would your

body break it down?body break it down?– Your monogastric system was not made to Your monogastric system was not made to

breakdown feed such as this!!!breakdown feed such as this!!!

RuminantRuminant

Stomach CompartmentStomach Compartment

RumenRumen– Acts as a large fermentation vatActs as a large fermentation vat– Movement of the rumen mixes the contents of Movement of the rumen mixes the contents of

the stomachthe stomach– Stirs it up to more easily find large particles Stirs it up to more easily find large particles

that need to be regurgitated and re-chewedthat need to be regurgitated and re-chewed– Can be as big as a 50 gallon drum in a large Can be as big as a 50 gallon drum in a large

cow!!!cow!!!

RuminantRuminant

Stomach CompartmentStomach Compartment

ReticulumReticulum– May be considered an extra piece May be considered an extra piece

of the rumenof the rumen– Has a large honey comb shape Has a large honey comb shape – Site of hardware collectionSite of hardware collection

Hardware diseaseHardware disease– Animal will inject metal in the feed. It Animal will inject metal in the feed. It

will collect herewill collect here

Magnets can help keep it from Magnets can help keep it from going furthergoing further

RuminantRuminant

Stomach CompartmentStomach Compartment

OmasumOmasum– Primarily aids in the Primarily aids in the

absorption of waterabsorption of water– Numerous folds help trap Numerous folds help trap

digestive particles to digestive particles to increase the time they stay in increase the time they stay in the omasum for absorptionthe omasum for absorption

RuminantRuminant

Stomach Stomach CompartmentCompartmentAbomasumAbomasum– Considered the “true Considered the “true

stomach”stomach”Has the same Has the same functions of the functions of the monogastric stomachmonogastric stomach

– Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid helps with the break helps with the break down of feedstuffsdown of feedstuffs

Ruminant StomachRuminant Stomach

CEV Multimedia: Ruminant Digestive Systems: A Closer Look DVD Lesson Preview - YouTube

RuminantRuminant

The small intestine, cecum, and The small intestine, cecum, and large intestine have the same large intestine have the same functions as the monogastric functions as the monogastric digestive systemdigestive system

Modified MonogastricModified Monogastric

Comprised of:Comprised of:– Everything in the Everything in the

monogastric except:monogastric except:The cecum is much The cecum is much larger and plays an larger and plays an important role in the important role in the digestive process as it digestive process as it is modifiedis modifiedMakes up %16 of Makes up %16 of horses total digestive horses total digestive anatomyanatomy

Modified MonogastricModified Monogastric

CecumCecum– Acts as a large Acts as a large

fermentation vat fermentation vat where large where large amounts of amounts of roughages can be roughages can be broken down more broken down more easilyeasily

– Found in horses and Found in horses and rabbits.rabbits.

“I have a really large cecum so that I can digest

all my food properly!”