Digestion and Nutrition
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Transcript of Digestion and Nutrition
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Nutrition & DigestionTest Review
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Nutrients Substances needed for:Cell repairCell growthEnergyObtained from the food we eat
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Nutrients ProteinsCarbohydratesFatsVitaminsMineralsWater
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Protein Replacement of cellsGrowth Large moleculesC, H, O, N, SSmaller molecules called Amino AcidsFound in meats, eggs, beans
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Carbohydrates Primary energy sourceMolecules of C, H, OSugars ~ simple carbohydratesStarches ~ complex carbohydratesFiber Not digested; provides bulk
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Fats Also called lipidsProvide energy / stores energyAbsorb vitaminsMake up cell membranesOils at room T ~ usually unsaturated fats Solid at Room T saturated fatsHigh levels of cholesterol
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Vitamins Organic (contain carbon)Growth Regulate body functionsPrevent diseaseNo food has all vitaminsWater solubleFat soluble Stored in body
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Minerals Inorganic (no carbon)Found on the periodic tableRegulate chemical reactions Build cellsConduct nerve impulsesCarry oxygen
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Water Nutrients carried in waterUsed in chemical reactions
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Digestion Process the breaks down food into small molecules that can be used by the bodyMechanical ~ chewing, mixing, churningChemical ~ chemicals break down food
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Digestive systemDigestive tractAlimentary canalOrgans used in digestion
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Digestive systemMouthEsophagusStomachSmall intestineLarge intestineRectumAnus
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Digestive system Accessory organs ~ food does not pass throughLiverGall bladderPancreas
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Mouth Teeth Mechanical digestion ~ chewingChemical digestion ~ amylase in saliva
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Esophagus Peristalsis ~ muscular action that moves foodLined with mucus Epiglottis prevent food from going into trachea
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Stomach Muscular bagLined with foldsMechanical & chemical digestionEnzymes (help speed up chemical reactions) & digestive juices Chyme
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Stomach
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Small intestine 3 partsDuodenumJejunumIleumMost digestion occurs hereLined with villiProjections that increase surface area
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Small intestine
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Large intestineColonAbsorbs waterMaintains homeostasis ~ steady stateForms fecesRectum ~ stores fecesAnus ~ strong round muscles (sphincter)
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Large intestine
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Accessory organsProduce and store digestive chemicalsFood does not pass through these
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LiverMakes bileAlso:Detoxifies poisonsStores glycogenSynthesizes proteins
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Liver
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Gall bladderMuscular sac attached to the liverStores bile.
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Gall bladder
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PancreasMakes enzymesAlso hormones
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Pancreas