Digestion and Absorption Continued…. Mouth to Stomach food pushes into the esophagus (muscular...
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Transcript of Digestion and Absorption Continued…. Mouth to Stomach food pushes into the esophagus (muscular...
Digestion and Absorption
Continued…
Mouth to Stomach
• food pushes into the esophagus (muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach)
• food carried via peristalsis• lower esophageal sphincter controls the
passage of food and liquid between the esophagus and stomach
• as food approaches the closed sphincter, the muscle relaxes and lets food pass through to the stomach
Stomach
• stores swallowed food and liquid
• mixes food and liquid with digestive enzymes and acid it produces (chyme)
• Acidic due to HCl (pH 1-3)– Why doesn’t the stomach
get damaged with such a low pH?
Gastric Enzymes
• Pepsin: breaks protein into amino acids
• Gastric Lipase: breaks apart lipids
Small Intestine
• muscles mix food with digestive enzymes from the pancreas, liver, and intestine and push the mixture forward (via persistalsis) to the large intestine
• walls absorb the digested nutrients (via vili) into the bloodstream
• pH 8
Major Pancreatic Enzymes
• Trypsinogen: protease
• Lipase: breaks apart lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
• Amylase: breaks starch down into glucose
Liver and Gallblader
• gallbladder is located under the liver and on the right side of the abdomen– primary function is to store
and concentrate bile (yellow-brown liquid produced by the liver)
• bile aids in the digestion of fats and neutralizing the chyme leaving the stomach
Large Intestine
• waste products of the digestive process include undigested parts of food and older cells from the GI tract lining
• absorbs water and any remaining nutrients and changes the waste from liquid into stool
• rectum stores stool
Gastric Parasites
• Coccidiosis: acute invasion and destruction of intestinal mucosa by protozoa
• Clinical signs: diarrhea, fever, decreased appetite, weight loss, & emaciation
• Potential to be fatal
Coccidiosis
• Pathogenesis: ingestion of oocysts via feces
• Diagnostic: clinical signs and fecal sample
• Treatment: Sulfadimethoxine
• Canine or feline coccidia are not considered zoonotic agents
Gastric Parasites
• Giardia: intestinal infection caused by a protozoan parasite (“beaver fever”)
• Clinical signs: acute foul-smelling diarrhea, greenish tinge or bloody diarrhea, excess mucus in the feces, and vomiting gradual weight loss may become apparent
• Potential to be fatal
Giardia
• Pathogenesis: transmitted by eating or sniffing the cysts from contaminated ground, or by drinking contaminated water
• Diagnostics: clinical signs and fecal test
• Treatment: Metronidazole
• Zoonotic