Differentiated Instruction Strategies
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Transcript of Differentiated Instruction Strategies
Differentiated Instruction Strategies
R.A.F.T.
Come aboard!!
A R.A.F.T.is…
….an engaging strategy that encourages writing across the curriculum.
….a way to encourage students to .. assume a ROLE consider their AUDIENCE, while examining a TOPIC from their chosen perspective, and writing in a particular FORMAT
All of the above can serve as motivators by giving students choice, appealing to their interests and learning profiles, and adapting to students readiness levels.
The ROLE of writer, speaker,artist, historian, reporter, eyewitness, etc.
An AUDIENCE of fellow writers,students, citizens, characters, etc.
Through a FORMAT that is written, spoken, drawn, acted, etc.
A TOPIC related to curriculumcontent in greater depth.
electron
neutron
proton
R A F T
RAFTs can… Be differentiated in a variety of ways: readiness
level, learning profile, and/or student interest. Be created by students (you can incorporate a blank
row for that option) Be used as introductory “hooks” into a unit of study. Have one consistent column while varying the other
columns in the raft grid.
The possibilities are endless. See your handout for specific examples. An internet search will also produce a plethora of examples.
Possible Formats to use with RAFTs that address a variety of learning styles.
Written Visual Oral Kinesthetic
•diary entry•bulleted list•obituary•invitation•product guide•game rules•recipe•movie critic•FreqAskQues•editorial•character monologue•job application•gossip column•mag. article
•cartoon/comic•crossword puzzle•map•scale plan or drawing•graphic org.•concept web•illustration•print ad•photograph•powerpoint•‘how to’ diagram•fashion design
•song•set of discussion ?s•conversation•monologue•sermon•radiocast•museum guide•commercial•reader’s theater•interview•tasting•political speech•puppet show•storytell
•model•cheer•mime•reenactment•wax museum•demonstration•sales pitch with demo elements•physical analogies•taste tests•‘how to’ video•game•sew, cook, build•design a ....
How can I introduce this strategy to my students
To get students more actively involved in understanding a RAFT, you may present them with a sample RAFT.
Getting Your Ideas Across on a RAFT (From a Lesson titled: Don't Let Your Car Make a Fuel Out of You! Energy Education Curriculum Project)
Role of a writer: You must decide who (or what) you will be. Will you be writing as an old car?
Will you be a piece of pavement? a bicycle? How about a person or even a bird continually exposed to air pollution from cars?
Audience: To whom are you writing? Are you writing to a specific person? to Congress? to
a child? to a machine? to a car? to an auto manufacturer?
Format: What form will your writing take? Will you write a letter or a speech? Will it be an
obituary, a conversation, a memo, a journal, or a diary?
Topic + strong verb: What is your topic? What strong verb will help you present your topic? For
example, persuade a congressman to vote for more ethanol in gasoline, demand that more fuel efficient cars are built, plead for a car to be driven more efficiently.
http://www.uni.edu/earth/EECP/mid/mod3.html
Practically all RAFT assignments are written from a viewpoint other than that of a student. They are usually written to an audience other than the teacher. They take a form other than students would write as a standard essay. Seldom is the word "write" used as a RAFT verb. Stronger verbs are used like "plead", "convince", "clarify", all of which focus the assignment by setting the tone of the response.
Possible RAFT Roles and/or Audiences
Car (New, used, Junker)Parent
Teen Car Dealer
MechanicRace Car DriverGasoline PumpSteering WheelAccelerator PedalPolice Officer
Car DesignerTireRoad KillLawyer
Possible Raft Topics complaint
confessioncontest entryeulogyfarewelljournaldiarylegal brief memonews storyobituarypamphletphoto essayrecommendationsermonreview
resumelecturetelephone dialoguetravelogueTV scriptundercover reportwanted posterwarninglast will & testamentwritten debateyearbookpoetrywedding vowsbirth announcement
scolding
Sample RAFT Sketch #2:R = Gas PumpA = TeenagerF = LectureT = Fuel Efficiency - (Reprimand)
Know: (facts, vocab) {think about the KNOW when planning the Role or Audience?}Understand: (statement) {think about the Understand when writing the topics}Do: (verb) {This might be the guide for the format?}
RAFT Planning Sheet
Role Audience Format Topic
Semicolon Middle
Schoolers
Diary Entry I wish you really understood where I belong.
N. Y. Times Public Op Ed How our language defines who we are.
Huck Finn Tom Sawyer
Note hidden in tree knot
A few things you should know.
Business Education RAFTStudents are reviewing elements from “Insert” Drop Down MenuThis RAFT uses the columns of Role and Audience to review basic elements and vocabulary of this unit.
Role Audience Format Topic
Page number
Writer of a document
List of questions What to consider about how to format me and where I belong
Text Box TV audience Late Night’s Top 10 List
What you need to know to use me right.
Clip art Student preparing a PowerPoint presentation
Song lyrics ”Find me, Place me, Change Me”
Column break
Page break Opinion statement Why I’m more important than you
A Caption Editor Set of directions How to clarify what is in a pie chart or diagram
Auto Text feature
Writers of business letters
Energizer Bunny commercial
The advantages of using Auto Text
Know: (facts, vocab) {think about the KNOW when planning the Role or Audience?}Understand: (statement) {think about the Understand when writing the topics}Do: (verb) {This might be the guide for the format?}
RAFT Planning Sheet
Role Audience Format Topic
Afghan youth
American youth
Letter What I wish you knew about me.
Thomas Jefferson
Current residents of Tennessee
Newspaper
Article
Influence of Meriwether Lewis on westward expansion.
Compass Rose
Middle Schoolers
Poem I point the way.
Know: (facts, vocab) {think about the KNOW when planning the Role or Audience?}
Understand: (statement) {think about the Understand when writing the topics}
Do: (verb) {This might be the guide for the format?}
RAFT Planning Sheet
Role Audience Format Topic
Quadriceps Athlete Letter How to protect me.
Raphael Andy Warhol
Poem Lessons from the School of Athens
Quarter note
Rest Poem How much time you got?
Know: (facts, vocab) {think about the KNOW when planning the Role or Audience?}Understand: (statement) {think about the Understand when writing the topics}Do: (verb) {This might be the guide for the format?}
RAFT Planning Sheet
Role Audience Format Topic
William Harvey
Lungs Drawing Let’s circulate!
Mesosphere Thermo-sphere
Poem We’re reflective
Rocket Fuel
Rocket Engine
Letter Let’s get going!
Moon Ocean Tide Poem I’ve got pull
Angles Relationship RAFT
Role Audience Format Topic
One vertical angle Opposite vertical angle Poem It’s like looking in a mirror
Interior (exterior) angle Alternate interior (exterior) angle
Invitation to a family reunion
My separated twin
Acute angle Missing angle Wanted poster Wanted: My complement
An angle less than 180 Supplementaryangle
Persuasive speech Together, we’re a straight angle
**Angles Humans Video See, we’re everywhere!
** This last entry would take more time than the previous 4 lines, and assesses a little differently. You could offer it as an option with a later due date, but you would need to specify that they need to explain what the angles are, and anything specific that you want to know such as what is the angle’s complement or is there a vertical angle that corresponds, etc.
Algebra RAFT
Role Audience Format Topic
Coefficient Variable Email We belong together
Scale / Balance Students Advice column Keep me in mind when solving an
equation
Variable Humans Monologue All that I can be
Variable Algebra students Instruction manual How and why to isolate me
Algebra Public Passionate plea Why you really do need me!
RAFT assignment: Foods UnitRole
Cookbook Writer
Audience
Cooks
Format
Recipe
Topic
Instructions on food preparation
Chef Customer Menu Detailed description of food preparation
Customer Restaurant Owner Complaint Problem with food or poor service
Student Overseas
Travel Writer
Parents
Reader wanting to travel
Letter
Recommendation
Describing a typical meal you eat with your guest family
Good things to eat while in Germany, what to avoid
Consumer Education Class RAFTIn this RAFT, all students will have a Topic that focus on food safety practices. The Formats are meant to appeal to different learning styles.
Role Audience Format Topic
Raw chicken pieces
Chefs in training Dramatic speech Why foods like me (poultry) require special handling and care of utensils
Cartoon characters
Saturday morning viewers
Jingle, rap, or chant
The importance of cleanliness and washing hands
National Restaurant Organization
Restaurant workers Illustrated Poster or Flow Diagram
Proper care of knives and cutting boards
Bacteria Ground beef Role play or simulation
Dangers of thawing meat out on a counter
Power Company Consumer Relations Dept.
Homeowners who have lost power for 3+ days due to hurricane or ice storm
Consumer Alert messages for broadcast on TV
What to do with items from the refrigerator and freezer that have come to room temperature
Mayonnaise in egg salad
Picnickers Urgent Email Watch out! I’m going to get you!
Possible Role or Audience Ideas for a RAFTChoose ideas that advance the learning goals.
•Characters from a story
•Public service job
•Key terms •Scientists or politicians
•Historical figures
•Musical instruments
•Diseases •Geographic formations
•Vocabulary words
•Cartoon characters
•Types of fabric
•Composers or artists
•Instruments or tools
•Shapes or colors
•Authors or inventors
•Business or industry person
•Minerals or chemical elements
•Cities, countries, continents
•Brand name object
•Technical terms
•Tradesman or other job
•Animals, birds, pets
•Body systems •Celebrity or talk show host
Know: (facts, vocab) {think about the KNOW when planning the Role or Audience?}
Understand: (statement) {think about the Understand when writing the topics}
Do: (verb) {This might be the guide for the format?}
RAFT Planning Sheet
Role Audience Format Topic