Differentiated instruction-presentation-1216687967236588-9 (1)
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Transcript of Differentiated instruction-presentation-1216687967236588-9 (1)
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Direct Instruction
Hope Belle-PayneIDE 650
Monday, July 7, 2008
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Ponder This
When instruction is delivered by “Most Effective Teachers”....
“How do I educate and ensure success for all my students?”
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Direct Instruction to the rescue!
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Background Information
Teacher-centered
Systematic instruction
Scripted
Emphasis is on mastery of subject matter
Elementary school reading comprehension and math instruction
Creator: Siegfried Engelmann
Adopted as the “official” model for teaching in North Carolina
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Direct Instruction
Barak Rosenshine Robert Gagne Siegfried Engelmann Madeline Hunter
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Direct Instruction
This should be the focus of the process of instruction.
The TEACHER
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Direct Instruction
Four major categories of instructional events:
• Presentation• Practice
• Assessment & Evaluation
• Monitoring & Feedback
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A Transactional Model of Direct Instruction
Presentation includes five events, three of which are considered together in a subcategory labeled “Overview.”
* Overview
• Explanation
• Demonstration
• Review
• What• Why
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Direct Instruction: Presentation
Activate Prior knowledge
Link the lesson to review previous lesson
Overview: Review
Student
Teacher
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Direct Instruction: Presentation
Presents the specific concept(s) and skill(s)
Listen for stated objective and what should be learned at by the end of lesson.
Overview: What
Teacher
Student
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Direct Instruction: Presentation
States a reason for learning the skill(s) or concept(s)
Relate lesson to real world or own interests; discuss how the skill or concept can be applied to other subject areas
Overview: Why
Teacher
Student
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Direct Instruction: Presentation
Develops or explains the concepts and skills to be learned
Hear an explanation; use manipulative materials; have class discussions; watch videos; read explanations in textbooks; interact with computer
Explanation
Teacher
Student
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Direct Instruction: Presentation
Probes students as to their initial understanding of concepts and skills
Answer teacher questions; verbalize understandings; generate examples and non-examples of a concept
Demonstration
Teacher
Student
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Direct Instruction: Practice
Practice includes three events:
• Guided Practice
• Independent Practice
• Periodic Review
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Direct Instruction: Practice
Closely supervises the students’ proficiency by completing one or two short tasks
Read a paragraph aloud; complete one or two math problems; complete an activity on the board, while others do the same activity at their seats
Guided Practice
Teacher
Student
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Direct Instruction: Practice
Allows students to work with little or no teacher interaction
Complete seatwork assignments; complete homework assignments; play games related to specific skills or concepts
Independent Practice
Teacher
Student
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Direct Instruction: Practice
Provides students opportunity to have distributed practice on previously covered content and skills
Demonstrate retention of previously learned concepts and skills
Periodic Review
Teacher
Student
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Direct Instruction: Assessment & Evaluation
Assessment and evaluation includes two events:
• Daily success
• Mastery
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Direct Instruction: Assessment & Evaluation
Checks students work each day and offers corrective instruction as necessary
Complete independent work at or above a given level of proficiency
Daily Success
Teacher
Student
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Checks students work at the end of each unit of instruction
Demonstrate knowledge and application of concepts and skills at or above a given level of proficiency
Mastery
Teacher
Student
Direct Instruction: Assessment & Evaluation
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Direct Instruction: Monitoring & Feedback
Monitoring and feedback also includes two events:
• Cues and prompts
• Corrective feedback
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Provides students with signals and reminders designed to sustain the learning activity and to hold students accountable
Attend to signals and/or reminders continue working on assigned activity
Cues & Prompts
Teacher
Student
Direct Instruction: Monitoring & Feedback
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Reiterate correct or incorrect answers & why
Read correct answers aloud; write correct and support solutions to math problems and reading comprehension questions;
Corrective Feedback
Teacher
Student
Direct Instruction: Monitoring & Feedback
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Direct Instruction
In general, all direct instruction models have the following common principles:
• Use examples, visual prompts, and demonstrations• Constant assessment
• Alter pace of instruction
• Effective use of time
•Maintain students' attention