DIFFERENT PEOPLES, ONE WORLD Policies Promoting Multiculturalism at the National and Local Levels...
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Transcript of DIFFERENT PEOPLES, ONE WORLD Policies Promoting Multiculturalism at the National and Local Levels...
DIFFERENT PEOPLES, ONE WORLD
Policies Promoting Multiculturalism at the
National and Local LevelsH A R I S R I N I VA S
R O O M : I - 3 1 2 / 0 7 9 - 5 6 5 - 7 4 0 6
Studies in Multicultural Societies
OCTOBER 17 - Homogeneity and Diversity: The Case of China
OCTOBER 24 - Diversity and National Identity: The Case of India
OCTOBER 31 - Politics of Multicultural Societies: The Case of EU
NOVEMBER 7 - ASEAN and MulticulturalismNOVEMBER 14 - Multicultural Societies in Island
StatesNOVEMBER 21 - Japan as a Multicultural Society?NOVEMBER 28 - Promoting Multiculturalism in the
United Nations
What we have seen so far …
Multiculturalism: CHINA
There are four main reasons China’s culture changed and become more multicultural over the years:
1. changes in the socio-political environment
2. contact with other cultures3. technological and other
inventions4. further development of the
culture itself.
Multiculturalism: CHINA
Integrated more broadly into the local
culture, but maintained their identity
Created pockets of unique cultures
different from the local culture
Destroyed and replaced local cultures
Historic trends in multiculturalism
Migration-based multiculturalism
Multiculturalism: CHINA
So what did we learn about multiculturalism from China?
Multiculturalism is based on historical trends in the past, and expanding economic power in the present.
Policies promoting multiculturalism at the national level essentially aim to provide a prominent position for China in the global economy.
Policies promoting multiculturalism at the local level essentially aim to promote domestic tourism
Multiculturalism: INDIA
There were three key invasions of India over its history that shaped its cultures:
1. The Aryan Invasion of 1500 BC – this gace raise to the Hindu religion, the Sanskrit language and a number of ancient texts called vedas
2. The Muslim Invasions of 10-12 centuries, which brought Islam and Islamic cultures to north India
3. The Euopean Invasions of 17 century, that brought the colonial poweres of Dutch, Protugese, Spanish and finally the British empires
Multiculturalism: INDIA
India is the birthplace of four of the world's major religious traditions; namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism.
Throughout its history, religion has been an important part of the country's culture.
Religious diversity and religious tolerance are both established in the country by law and custom.
A vast majority of Indians associate themselves with a religion.
Multiculturalism: INDIA
So what did we learn about multiculturalism from India?
The defining characteristics of multiculturalism in India lies in its vast history as well as its diversity
Policies promoting multiculturalism at the national level essentially aim to promote a national identity based on its diversity and secularity
Policies promoting multiculturalism at the local level essentially aim at cultural and historical preservation
Multiculturalism: EUROPE
EU Enlargement has: Inspired reforms and consolidated common
principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights, fundamental freedoms and the rule of law, while enabling market-oriented economic reforms.
Enhanced the EU’s weight in the world and made it a stronger and more attractive international partner.
“Enlargement has been a success story for the European Union and Europe as a whole. It has helped to overcome the division of Europe and contributed to peace and stability throughout the continent.”
European Council Declaration Dec. 15, 2006
1957 2009
Member States 6 27
Population 174 million 500 million
Languages 4 23
Multiculturalism: EUROPE
So what did we learn about multiculturalism from the European Union?
Much of Europe’s multiculturalism is political in nature, focusing on its member-states
Policies promoting multiculturalism at the EU level level essentially aim to create a single free market – free movement of people, goods and services
Policies promoting multiculturalism at the local level essentially aim at increasing the member states competitive and innovative edge
Multiculturalism: ASEAN
Goals of ASEAN:
To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavors; and
To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law.
POLITICAL –SECURITY Blueprint
•Rules based, shared norms and values• Cohesive, peaceful, stable, resilient with shared responsibility•Dynamic and Outward looking
ECONOMIC Blueprint
•Single Market and production base•Competitive economic region•Equitable Economic development•Integration into global economy
SOCIO-CULTURAL Blueprint
•Human Development•Social Welfare and Protection•Social justice and rights•Environmental Sustainability•ASEAN Identity
ASEAN Charter - One Vision, One Identity, One Caring and Sharing Community
ASEAN Community
Multiculturalism: ASEAN
14
Globalization
Localization
Regionalization
ICT has allowed wide information access. Goods and services can move cheaper
thanks to cheap transportation and ICT. The world is more borderless. In a flat world, competition searches for
lowest cost.
National borders still have economic meaning.
National markets exist and are defined by psychology and politics.
National economic and political setbacks can threaten globalization.
Convenience of flows of information, goods, services, and people within the region
Relatively similar psychology and national interest within region
Multiculturalism: ASEAN
So what did we learn about multiculturalism from the ASEAN?
Importance of regionalism in creating multicultural societies, and overcoming national shortcomings
Policies promoting multiculturalism at the ASEAN level essentially aim to balance political, economic and social issues
Policies promoting multiculturalism at the local level essentially aim at creating a single market for increased jobs, incomes and business opportunities
Multiculturalism: Island States
• Lack of natural resources and skilled endogenous human resources.
• Remoteness
• Smallness
• Geographical dispersion
• Fragility of ecosystems
•Heavy dependence on imports
The Special Case of Small
Islands
Multiculturalism: Island States
The usual image of a small island: Remote, isolated, insular, paradise
In fact, islands are places where different cultures have encountered each other and lived closely
Islands are better understood as dynamic centres of cultural interaction
Islands are in fact sometimes called as the as ‘crossroads of cultures’.
Multiculturalism: Island States
So what did we learn about multiculturalism from island states?
Environmental uniqueness leading to economic opportunities, that in combination lead to socio-cultural uniqueness
Policies promoting multiculturalism at the national level essentially aim to protect its ecological and social uniqueness
Policies promoting multiculturalism at the local level essentially aim at cultural preservation and tourism promotion
Multiculturalism: JAPAN
Accelerating Multiculturalism in Japan
Policies to promote UniquenessImmigration PoliciesA Global Economy, member of OECDInternational Image of Japan
Multiculturalism: JAPAN
Globalized Economy
Demographic changes
Food Security
Environmental Problems
Japan HAS to become
multicultural !!
Multiculturalism: UNITED NATIONS
1. Demographic
2. Programmatic
3. Ideological
The UN looks at multiculturalism from three perspectives – as a feature of the demographics of its members, as a part of its programmes and projects, and as an ‘ideology’
Multiculturalism: UNITED NATIONS
Multiculturalism
Racism and discrimination
Migration and human rights
Heritage preservation
Multiculturalism: UNITED NATIONS
The greatest strength of any organization is the quality of its staff members. This requires the creation of an organizational culture and environment that enables the staff to contribute to the best of their abilities.
When working at the United Nations, you need to have three “core values”
1. Integrity2. Professionalism3. Respect for Diversity
Multiculturalism: UNITED NATIONS
So what did we learn about multiculturalism from the United Nations?
The United Nations, by its very nature as an organization, is fundamentally multicultural.
Policies promoting multiculturalism at the UN are a critical part of the programmes and projects of its various agencies
Policies promoting multiculturalism look at it as a core value and skill that every staff member should have in order to be able to work in a global environment.
Contact me …
Send me an email anytime!
Hari [email protected]
IMPORTANT: When you send an email, please always put “[ZEMI]” in the subject
line!
Resources, websites, ideas, notes will be available online:
www.gdrc.info/sms/