Different Patterns of Inheritance
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Transcript of Different Patterns of Inheritance
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Different Patterns of Inheritance
Intermediate, Codominant, And
Polygenic
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Variations of Inheritance
• Intermediate Inheritance• Codominance (multiple alleles)• Polygenic Inheritance
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Intermediate Inheritance
• No “dominant” allele– Heterozygous organism has completely
different phenotype
Andalusian Chickens Black male + White female = Blue
baby chick
How is this different from what we already know?...
Neither black or white is dominant over the other
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Intermediate Inheritance• Not the “blending
hypothesis” !!– Parent phenotypes
cancan reappear in later generations
– cross between organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with a third phenotype that is a blendingblending of the of the parental parental traits.traits.
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Intermediate Crossing Tips!
• The trick is to recognizerecognize when you are dealing with a question involving incomplete dominance. There are two steps to this:
• 1) Notice that the offspring is showing a 3rd phenotype
• 2) Notice that the trait in the offspring is a blend (mixing) of the parental traits.
Notice!!Different Letters
but still a MONOHYBRID cross!
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Codominance• Multiple Alleles = codominance
– The heterozygous expresses BOTH traits together
– Different from intermediate (blends)
Cattle can be red (RR = all red hairs), white (WW = all white
hairs), or rrooaann (RW = red & white hairs together) Whatever…Genetics
rules
Aww.. he has your
eyes
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Blood Types
O+ Most frequent
AB- Least
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Blood Types
• The A antigen, you have type A blood. – The liquid portion of your blood (plasma) has antibodies that fight
against type B blood. In the United States, about 40% of the white population, 27% of African Americans, 28% of Asians, and 16% of Native Americans are type A.
• The B antigen, you have type B blood. – Your plasma has antibodies that fight against type A blood. In the
U.S., about 11% of the white population, 20% of African Americans, 27% of Asians, and 4% of Native Americans are type B.
• Neither the A nor B antigen, you have type O blood. – Your plasma has antibodies that fight against both type A and type
B blood. In the U.S., about 45% of the white population, 49% of African Americans, 40% of Asians, and 79% of Native Americans are type O.
• Both the A and B antigens, you have type AB blood. – Your plasma does not have antibodies against type A or type B
blood. In the U.S., about 4% of the white population, 4% of African Americans, 5% of Asians, and less than 1% of Native Americans are type AB.
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Blood Types
• Type O-negative blood does not have any antigens. – It is called the
"universal donor" type because it is compatible with any blood type.
• Type AB-positive blood is called the "universal recipient" type because a person who has it can receive blood of any type. .
A person who has:
Can receive:
A- blood A-, O- blood
A+ blood A-, A+, O-, O+ blood
B- blood B-, O- blood
B+ blood B-, B+, O-, O+ blood
AB- blood AB-, O- blood
AB+ bloodAB-, AB+, A-, A+, B-, B+, O-, O+
blood
O- blood O- blood
O+ blood O-, O+ blood
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Blood Typing!
Danny is type AB
Bianna is type A
What are their genotypes?
What are their possible offspring’s
blood types?
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Blood Typing!
Kristina is type B but her mother
was type O
Kyle is type A but his father was type O
What are Kristina and Kyle’s genotypes?
Is it possible for their child to be type O?
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Difference b/w Intermediate and
Codominance• With intermediate, get a blending of
the dominant & recessive traits so that the third phenotype is something in the middle (red + white = pink).
• In Codominance, the "recessive" & "dominant" traits appear together in the phenotype of hybrid organisms.
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Or the easy way…
• Intermediate– (red + white = pink).
• Codominant– Red + White = Red and white
spotted
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Practice, Practice, PRACTICE!
A red-flowered sweet pea plant is crossed with a white-flowered sweet pea plant. All of the offspring are pink. What is the inheritance pattern being expressed?
If roan cows and roan bulls are mated, according to the principle of codominance, ______% of the offspring are expected to be roan.
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PolygenicsPolygenics• Multiple GENES affect the traits being expressed
– Skin color
– Hair color
– Eye color
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How it works…
Eye Color = Brown
Skin Color = Light
Eye Color = Hazel
Skin Color = Tan
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QUICK FIREQUICK FIRE• 1. Explain the difference (and use an example) between intermediate and codominance.• 2. What is polygenics?• 3.Blood type is an example of what type of variation in inheritance• 4. How many phenotypes are visible in intermediate inheritance?
Codominance?
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ExperimentExperiment
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Sex Linked TraitsSex Linked Traits• Sex Chromosomes (X, Y)Sex Chromosomes (X, Y)
– In humans male determined sex of offspringIn humans male determined sex of offspring• Give X = femaleGive X = female• Give y= maleGive y= male
• Genes can be located on sex chromosomes = Sex Linked Traits– Mostly on X for humans
Discovered by Thomas Morgan when experimenting with fruit fly eye color
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Fruit Fly Eyes…Oh Fruit Fly Eyes…Oh mymy
• Normally fruit flies have red eyes– Notice some had white– But none of them female!!But none of them female!!– Figured out that the trait for eye color
(red) is located only on the X chromosome• Explains why males are white eyed
Red is dominant to White
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Fly ExperimentFly Experiment
• Eye color carried on X• R = red r = white
• More males are white than female be cause
Male XY Female XX
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Sex Linked Sex Linked DiseaseDisease
Females can be carriers, males will show it
• Red- green color blindness
• Night Blindness
• Fragile X syndrome
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Huntington's disease
• Hemophilia MOST sex linked recessive
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Sex-Linked Genetic Cross
No Traits
carried on “Y”
This is why MALES
usually show the
recessive trait!!
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Triple P Time!!Triple P Time!!PPractice ractice PProblem roblem PPacket!!acket!!
You are now ready to complete the BOLDBOLD questions…