Different Methods of Blood Sample Collection

• FBS• PPBS• Lipid Profile

Standard Colour Code

• Why we are using standard colour code?• What are the colours• Light Blue – Sodium Citrate – Coagulation tests,

PT/INR• Green – Heparin – Troponin, BUN,• Lavender – EDTA –FBC• Ash – Sodium Fluoride – FBS• Red – No additives – Grouping and DT

Volume Of Blood

• Red – 7-10 mL Sterile, • no anticoagulant or additives. Collection of

serum for chemical or serological and bacteriologic studies. May be used for any procedure requiring serum

• Lavender (LT)5 mL Sterile, contains EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate) as the anticoagulant. *MIX WELL!*

• Primarily for collection of hematology studies, blood bank procedures and certain chemistries.

• Blue 4.5 mL Sterile, contains sodium citrate (0.109M, 3.2%) solution as the anticoagulant. Tube calibrated to draw only 4.5 ml of blood. Only properly filled tubes are accepted for testing. *MIX WELL!*Primarily for collection of coagulation studies.

• Gray - 3 mL Sterile, contains potassium oxalate and sodium fluoride as the anticoagulant.

• *MIX WELL!* For the collection of glucose and lactate samples. Not suitable for enzymes or electrolytes.

• Green - 5 mL Sterile, contains lithium heparin as the anticoagulant. *MIX WELL!*

• Electrolytes, glucose, BUN can be performed more quickly than from a red top; especially useful for patients in DKA.

• Royal Blue - 7 mL Sterile, • contains no anticoagulant. For detection of

trace metals (i.e., Arsenic, Zinc, etc.). Contact lab to acquire this tube.

• Yellow - 6 mL Sterile, contains ACD (Acid Citrate Dextrose) as the anticoagulant. *MIX WELL!*

• For determination of HLA-ABC antigens, HLA-B27, HLA Molecular Typing, G6PD levels and acid phosphatase levels.

Special Considerations

• Don’t keep tourniquet more than one minuet

• Never select a site that is edematous or has lesions

• Never perform venipuncture above an IV site

• Avoid using the arm on the side of a mastectomy

• Cleaning the site with an antiseptic (70% isopropyl alcohol) helps prevent microbial contamination

Special considerations

• Language barrier patients• Pt with mental disease condition• Cultural diversity patients• Pt with physical disability• Elderly pt

Assignment1). Based on your clinical experience, prepare a document including1. All Laboratory test which are performing in the hospital

setting2. Specific ingredients in the container3. Amount of blood for each test4. What are the special conditions that should be completed

prior to doing the test5. If special indications available, explain each of them.

2). Explain the universal Precautions should be followed during the venipuncture procedure? Explain the reasons.