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FACULTY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES

SEMESTER III 2013/2014

HFS 3173

(IMMUNOLOGY)

ASSIGNMENT

Title of Assignment: Differences & Similarities of Immune System Responses

Due to Bacteria, Viruses, Fungal and Parasites Infection

Date of Submission: 10/ 11/ 2013

Lecturers Name :Noor Zarina Binti Abd Wahab

Students Name : Nur Amalina Binti Hamdan (032395)

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BACTERIA VIRUSES FUNGI

SIMILARITIES -Humoral immunity is the most effective or the main immuneresponse of defense in human

- Cell mediated immunity idefense in human.

DIFFERENCES

- Does not need to invade hostscell to reproduce

- Localized and sometimessystematically if not treated

- Causes inflammation due totissue destruction

- Produces toxins and causepathologic effects

- Innate immunity responseby activation of complement,

phagocytes and inflammation- Complement activation cause

opsonization, phagocytosis

and lysis of bacteria

- Dendritic cells and phagocytessecrete cytokines which induce

inflammation and also

destroys bacteria

- Humoral immunityproduces antibodies that will

react via neutralization,

opsonization, phagocytosisand compliment activation

- Cell mediated immunityinvolves the activation of

CD4+ Helper T-cells and

produce cytokines which also

stimulate antibody production

- Need to invade hosts cell toreplicate

- Systemic infection- Causes disease by killing off

cells to cause damage and

disrupting bodys homeostasis

- Complement mediatesopsonization and lysis of

enveloped viral particles

- Humoral immunityresponse activated andproduce antibodies which act

antiviral activity

- IgG efficient if the viruspresent in serum and IgA

most efficient at mucosal

surfaces

- Cell mediated immunityrespond via IFN-y which

directs antiviral activity as well

as via cytotoxic T-cell and NK

cell and macrophages that killvirus-infected cells

- It recognized and kills thevirus-infected cells by

leukocytes

- Do not depend to hostsurvival

- Innate immunity involphysical barrier like s

chemical factors, phagoc

and nonphagocytic cells

- Cell mediated immuinvolves Th1 and Th2 cells

- Th1 leads to diseresolution via interferon

interleukins like IFN-y and12 respectively

- Th2 leads to exacerbationfungal infection via interle

like IL-4

- Humoral immunity isnot yet understood by

researchers

Differences Similarities of Immune System Response Due to Bacterial, Viral, Fungal and Parasitic Infectio

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References

1.ASM, 2004. Immunity to Parasitic and Fungal Infections. Downloaded fromhttp://www.csun.edu/~cmalone/pdf589/ch20_2.pdf

2. Baron S., 1996. Medical Microbiology. 4th ed. Texas: Galveston. Downloaded fromhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7627/

3. MayoClinic, 2013. Germs: Understand and protect against bacteria, viruses and infection.Downloaded fromhttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/germs/ID00002

4. Olazo L., 2013. Differences between Viruses and Bacteria. Downloaded fromhttp://pazthelobster.hubpages.com/hub/Viruses-vs-Bacteria-Whats-the-difference

5. Olzewski M., 2013. The Journal of Invasive Fungal Infections. Vol.4. Th1, Th2, and Beyond: WhatWe Know About Adaptive Immunity for Fungal Infections. Downloaded from

http://www.remedicajournals.com/The-Journal-of-Invasive-Fungal-Infections/BrowseIssues/Volume-

4-Issue-3-View-Detail/Home.aspx

6. Pillai S., 2011. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 7th ed. Elsevier. Downloaded fromhttps://www.inkling.com/store/book/cellular-and-molecular-immunology-abbas-

7th/?chapterId=76e3e4bde87d4141a27c34ff93ef03e4

7. R. Crameri and K. Blaser, 2001. Allergy and Immunity to Fungal Infections and Colonization.Downloaded fromhttp://erj.ersjournals.com/content/19/1/151.full

8. Todar K., 2012. Immune Defense against Bacterial Pathogens. Downloaded fromhttp://textbookofbacteriology.net/innate.html

9.Yiwei Z., 2011. Immune Response to Infectious Disease. Downloaded fromhttp://www.cau.edu.cn/bwlab/down/Immune%20Response%20to%20Infectious%20Diseases.pdf

10.Zhang W., 2007. Immunity to Parasites. Downloaded fromhttp://wenliang.myweb.uga.edu/mystudy/immunology/ScienceOfImmunology/ImmunitytoParasites.h

tml

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