Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

HESS: Status and future plans

Dieter Horns (Univ. Tübingen)

on behalf of German Hermann (MPI-K, Heidelberg)

for the HESS collaboration

http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/hess

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Status of German Hermann?

● View from his hotel room in Walvis Bay, Namibia● He passes his greetings

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Update on the collaboration● Durham University

● Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

● Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Warsaw

● Jagiellonian University, Cracow

● Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw

● Charles University, Prague

● Yerevan Physics Institute

● University of Namibia, Windhoek

● North West University, Potchefstroom

● MPI-K, Heidelberg

● Humboldt Universität Berlin

● Ruhr-Universität Bochum

● Universität Hamburg

● Landessternwarte Heidelberg

● Universität Tübingen

● Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau

● Universités Paris VI-VII

● APC Paris

● CEA Saclay

● Obsérvatoire Paris Meudon

● LAPP Annécy

● Université Grenoble

● Université Montpellier

● CERS Toulouse

>100 Scientists from 24 institutes from 9 countries5 institutes have joined recently for HESS Phase II

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Controlbuilding

Security fence

ROTSE 3c robotical optical

telescope

Weather/atmospheric monitoring

120 m

Camera shelter

HESS I telescope

A tour of the site would also include: Guest houses, generator building, and

lots of wild animals!

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Recent changes: ROTSE 3c has been moved,

ATOM telescope installed● ATOM (Automatic Telescope

for Optical Monitoring) – LSW Heidelberg, PI S. Wagner

– 75 cm Alt-Az

– Multi-filter Photometry

– Automated operation implementation in progress

– “Slave” operation with HESS

● ROTSE (Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment), PI Carl Akerlof

– 45 cm, unfiltered fast telescope

– Robotic operation

– Monitoring of ~100 Blazars

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

HESS Phase I telescopes

● Single telescope: July 2002● Full four telescopes: December 2003

20 t steel frame, f=15 mAlt-Azimuth mount,100°/min<10” pointing uncertainty380 front aluminised glass mirror tiles=107 m2 mirror surfaceCamera shelter

●960 PMT with Winston cones arranged in 60 drawers●Sector based topological trigger (3>5.3 p.e. within 1.3 ns gate)●5° degree fov (1.4 m)●Signals read out via multiplexed dual channel analogue ring storage 1 Ghz (integrated in camera)●Total weight 900 kg●Multiple (>1) telescope, ~300Hz coincidence required for system event read-out References:

Telescope & opticalsystemBernlöhr et al.

(2003), Cornils et al. (2003)Camera:

Vincent et al. (2003), System trigger:

Funk et al. (2004)

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Operational statistics

● Data taking started in July 2002, no shut-down● Shifts with a crew of three: Total of ≈300 flights

from Europe to Namibia >2 Mio km of travelling● Total data taken (until July 2006)=3623 hrs (≈900

hrs/yr)● Total amount of data stored: 18.7 Tbyte● Distribution centers: MPI-K Heidelberg, Data center

in Lyon

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Processing of data

● Calibration: Pedestals, broken pixels, relative and absolute gain calibration (see Aharonian et al. 2004)

● Two independent calibration and analyses chains (with different flavors), for a comparison see astro-ph/0607247: – “Hillas”-type analyses– Model based analyses

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Performance (“Hillas” type analyses)● Point-spread function: r68=0.08° per

event● Energy resolution: ΔE/E≈15%● Point source sensitivity: 5σ detection

1% Crab: 25 hours5% Crab: 5 hours10% Crab: 20 min50% Crab: 1.5 min100% Crab: 0.5 min

astro-ph/0607333, A&A in press

Remember: HEGRA ->100 hrs for 5% Crab

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Energy threshold

● Energy threshold as expected from simulations

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Highlight results

● Blind survey of the Galactic plane: New and so far unidentified sources, Science 307, 1938 (2004)

● Discovery of gamma-rays from an XRB system Science 309, 746, 2005

● Low level of O/NIR EBL Nature 440, 1018 (2006)● Gamma-rays from the Galactic Ridge Nature 439

695 (2006)● Gamma-ray image from RXJ1713 Nature 432, 75

(2004)See also the following talks by Berrie Giebels (Extragalactic observations) and DH (Galactic sources)

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

HESS Phase II● Aims:

– Extending the energy threshold to ~10-20 GeV– Achieve overlap in energy (and time) with GLAST– Improving the sensitivity at 100 GeV

● Approach:

– Increase mirror size to 600 m2 (equiv. 28 m⊘, 560 t steel frame)

– Increase focal length to 36 m– Decrease pixel size to 0.07° (fov=3.17°, >2t

camera)– Use well-established HESS Phase I type electronics– Combine a single telescope with the 4 Phase I

telescopes

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Artist's impression

^

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Structure in more details: Mirror dish

● Structure designed by MAN

● Parabolic dish (time dispersion)

● Adjustable Hexagonal mirror tiles

● Achieve similar optical performance as HESS Phase I CTs

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Camera design & electronics

● Diameter of 2.5 m● 2048 pixels in 128 drawers● 99 overlapping sectors (64

pixels each)● 2.5-3 t weight● Focussing (10 cm shift)● Read-out with “SAM”: Swift

Analogue memory at 1 GHz (improved version of the ARS)

● Level 1 trigger at 3 kHz

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Expected performance of HESS Phase II

Punch et al. (2006)

Based upon simulations verified with HESS Phase I

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Physics with HESS Phase II

● Study gamma-ray emission from pulsar magnetosphere

● Gamma-ray emission from XRBs● Explore the high redshift universe:

AGNs, Radio-Galaxies, GRBs● Indirect Dark matter search

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Status of HESS Phase II

● Steel construction has started, finished by spring 2007

● Installation of camera end of 2007/2008

● Phase II operational well within the beginning of the GLAST (second half of 2008)

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

News from German: Steel construction, Aug 2006

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin

Backup

Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen28-31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin