Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th...
-
Upload
lynette-clark -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th...
![Page 1: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary
Reference Intakes:The Science Basis for Health
4th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference
August 29, 2006
Kathryn Y. McMurry, M.S.Senior Nutrition Advisor
Office of Disease Prevention and Health PromotionU.S. Department of Health and Human Services
![Page 2: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ODPHP MissionProvide leadership, coordination, and policy development for disease prevention and health promotion for the Department of Health and Human Services
Prevention Framework HealthierUS
Healthy PeoplePrevention Communication
National Health Information CenterHealthfinder.gov
Prevention ScienceDietary Guidelines for Americans
Prevention Scholarship
![Page 3: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Overview
• Why are Dietary Guidelines important?
• What is their scientific basis?
• What are the recommendations?
![Page 4: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What are the Dietary Guidelines?
• Science-based advice for healthy ages 2+• Promote health, prevent chronic disease• Federal nutrition policy/programs• Updated every 5 yrs.• HHS/USDA jointly publish
![Page 5: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Goal of Dietary Guidelines
IMPROVE HEALTH• What is a healthy diet
• Increasing awareness
• Providing healthy options
• Promoting healthy choices
![Page 6: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Nutrition and Health• *Cardiovascular Disease
—38.5% of deaths
• *Hypertension—25% of adults
• *Dyslipidemia—25% adults have borderline high LDL cholesterol
• *Type 2 Diabetes—6% of population
• *Overweight and Obesity
—65% of adults/ 15% of children
• *Some Cancers
• Osteoporosis
• Constipation
• Diverticular Disease
• Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Oral Disease
![Page 7: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Dietary Reference Intakes• Since 1941, RDAs established by the Food and
Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
• Most recent versions established between 1997 to 2003 -- Dietary References Intakes (DRIs)
• DRI studies supported by U.S. and Canada • Federal government sponsorship of NAS process to
ensure independent scientific analysis of the data.
![Page 8: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Dietary Reference Intakes Reports• Calcium, Vitamin D and
Related Nutrients• Folate and Related Nutrients• Antioxidants• Micronutrients• Energy & Macronutrients• Electrolytes and Water• DRIs & Dietary Assessment • DRIs & Dietary Planning
![Page 9: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Revision of Dietary Guidelines
• Scientific Advisory Committee Appointed• 3-4 Public Meetings• Consumer Focus Groups• Committee Reports to USDA and HHS• Public Comment period• HHS and USDA Review • HHS and USDA Publish Guidelines
![Page 10: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005
• 41 key recommendations: 23 general/ 18 specific
• 9 focus areas– Adequate Nutrients Within Calorie Needs
– Weight Management
– Physical Activity
– Food Groups To Encourage
– Fats
– Carbohydrates
– Sodium and Potassium
– Alcoholic Beverages
– Food Safety
![Page 12: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
New for 2005• More comprehensive recommendations• More specificity in policy• 2000 calorie reference diet• Cups and ounces rather than servings• Energy balance theme• Consumer research for messaging
![Page 13: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What is a Healthy Eating Plan?
• Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products
• Includes lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts
• Is low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium), and added sugars
• Balances calorie intake with calorie needs
![Page 14: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Adequate Nutrients Within Calorie Needs
• Consume a variety of nutrient-dense foods and beverages in basic food groups
• Choose foods that limit intake of saturated and trans fat, cholesterol, added sugars, salt, and alcohol
• DASH and MyPyramid: healthy eating pattern examples• Stay within calorie needs• Older Adults: Consume extra vitamin D from vitamin
D-fortified foods and/or supplements
![Page 15: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Weight Management
• To maintain body weight in a healthy range, balance calories from foods and beverages with calories expended.
• To prevent gradual weight gain over time, make small decreases in food and beverage calories and increase physical activity
![Page 16: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Physical Activity Recommendations• Adults
– At least 30 minutes to reduce risk of chronic disease– Up to 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity
may be needed to prevent gradual weight gain that occurs over time
– 60 to 90 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity to sustain weight loss
• Older Adults – Regular physical activity to reduce functional declines and achieve health benefits
• Children and adolescents – At least 60 minutes on most, preferably all, days of the week
![Page 17: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Food Groups To Encourage• Fruits & Vegetables
– Consume enough while staying within energy needs(For 2000 calories: 2 cups fruit, 2½ cups vegetables) – Choose a variety—fresh, frozen, canned, dried
• Grains– Consume 3 oz.-equivalents of whole grains daily— at
least half whole grains (rest enriched) • Milk
– Consume 3 cups per day of fat-free or low-fat milk or equivalent milk products
![Page 18: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Fats• Saturated fat < 10 % of calories • Cholesterol < 300 mg/day • Trans fat as low as possible• Total fat between 20 to 35 % calories• Most fats from sources of PUFAs and MUFAs,
such as fish, nuts, and vegetable oils• Select and prepare meat, poultry, dry beans, and
milk or milk products that are lean, low-fat, or fat-free
• Limit intake of fats and oils high in saturated and/or trans fatty acids
![Page 19: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Carbohydrates• Choose fiber-rich fruits, vegetables, and
whole grains• Choose and prepare foods and beverages
with little added sugars or caloric sweeteners
• Consume sugar- and starch-containing foods and beverages less frequently to reduce caries
![Page 20: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sodium and Potassium
• Consume < 2,300 mg (~1 tsp. salt) of sodium per day [<1,500 mg] *
• Choose and prepare foods with little salt
• Consume potassium-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables.[4,700 mg potassium from food]*
*Individuals with hypertension, blacks, and middle-aged
and older adults
![Page 21: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Alcoholic Beverages• Those who choose to drink alcoholic beverages
should do so sensibly and in moderation• Moderation = up to 1 drink per day for women
=up to 2 drinks per day for men.• Alcoholic beverages should not be consumed by
some individuals• Alcoholic beverages should be avoided by
individuals engaging in activities that require attention, skill, or coordination
![Page 22: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Food Safety• To avoid microbial foodborne illness:
– Clean hands, food contact surfaces, and fruits and vegetables. Meat and poultry should not be washed or rinsed.
– Separate foods– Cook foods to safe temperature– Chill perishable foods promptly.– Older Adults:
• Do not eat or drink unpasteurized milk; raw eggs; raw or undercooked meat and poultry, fish, or shellfish; unpasteurized juices; and raw sprouts.
• Reheat deli meats and frankfurters until steaming hot.
![Page 23: Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Dietary Reference Intakes: The Science Basis for Health 4 th State Units on Aging Nutritionists & Administrators Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649dc45503460f94ab71ea/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Challenge
From the Science…to Policy…to the Public….to “Me”