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Diet during infancy

OBJECTIVES:

>Provide nutritional base forrapid growth and

development of the childduring the 1st year of life.

>Establish the foundation for

ood food habits and

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infancy(0-12 months)>Period of transition from intrauterine

to extrauterine life and to a state ofrelative physiologic independence.

>child is entirely dependent for itssurvival on the care and feeding

provided by mother.>Rapid growth and development andmaturation of oral, fine and motor

skills>Requirements for CHON, energy andother essential nutrients are higherper unit of BW than any other time in

childhood

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characteristics of the normaland full term infant

>Baby doubles BW by 6mos of age, triples within1st year.>Infants increases their length by 50% duringthe 1st year and double it by 4years of age.Total body fat increases rapidly during the first

9mos of life.total body water decreases from 70% at birthto 60% at 1yr.Newborn infant has functional butphysiologically immature kidney that gradually

increases in size and capacity to concentrate.Iron concentration is almost double that ofadult.Bones are poorly mineralized due to lowerconcentration of calcium and phosphorus

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>High concentrations of high watersoluble vit and normal amounts of

fat soluble vit except Vit.K>Stomach capacity of infantincreases from 20-30ml at birth to200ml by 1 year of age.

>Presence of three vitalmechanism for him to meet hisnutrient requirement:

*Rooting reflex

*sucking reflex,

*and swallowing

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nutritional requirements

Baby doubles BW by 6mosof age, triples within

1styear(infants nutrient

requirements higher perunit BW than those of olderof older children and adults)

Growth rate vary from childto child(Nutritional needsdepend largely on growth

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energy>FUEL for maintenance of body

functions and provides for activityand growth.

>at birth a baby requires about

350-500calories (in one year from800-1200calories; 120cal/kg body

weight from 2nd - 7th

month;100cal/kg from 7th

12th

month)

>1st year: 98-108 calories/kg BW

Basis: breast milk or formula

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protein>allowances of 1.5-

2.5gm/kg/day(6mos.)>1.5-2gm/kg/day(6-12mos)

>CHON requirements higher

per kg BW that adults or olderinfants due to rapid growth.

>AA for synthesis of newtissues and nitrogen formaturation of existing tissues;needed for growth and tissue

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fat/lipid>40-50% of energy consumed

during infancy needed asconcentrated calorie source to fuelinfants rapid growth and

development>the suitable quantity of fat issupplied in quantities of milk whichfurnish the required amounts ofproteins.

>whole cows milk containssatisfactory level of essential fatty

acids, linoleic acid re uired b

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carbohydrates> Allowance of 1/10 ounce/lb.

of body weight=1ounce/10 oz.Of milk is prescribed that isequals one% of the BW.

>1/3 of CHO should be derivedfrom the milk of the mixture.

>30-60% of energy intake,

lactose in milk.>1styr- CHO is given in the formof starch cereal and milk

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water>the essential component of body

structure and a solvent frominerals and other physiologicallyimportant compounds

>transport nutrients to and wasteproduces from cells, help regulatebody temperature

>1.5ml water/calorie/day(sameratio of water in calorie found inhuman milk and formulas)

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vitamins>it is desirable to administer

tomato/orange juice whetherthe baby is breastfed orformula-fed.

>Vit.D supplement(2000iudaily)

>Do not give excessive Vit

A(liver damage and boneabnormality)

>Vit K given as injection at

birth

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minerals>calcium needs greatest during

period of rapid growth,estimated to contain27gm.

>Iron to maintain Hgb(stores

until 4-6mos old)>Iron fortified formulas at6mos(6mg/day at 1st 6mos-

10mg/day til 3yrs old)>Zinc (human milk)

>flouride(4-1000mg/day)

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breastfeeding>has physiologic and

psychologic value for motherand child

>offered about 2hours in 1stseveral weeks(decrease asinfants grows)>Infant is getting sufficientnutrient if:

>6 or more wet diapers/day>1-2 mustard color BM/day>breast becomes less full

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bottle feeding