The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition / List of articles ContributorAbramovitz, Moses (1912–2000) Richard A, Easterlinabsolute and exchangeable value John, Eatwellabsorption approach to the balance of payments David Vinesacceleration principle P N Jununkaraccounting and economics Joel S. Demskiadaptive expectations Michael Parkinadverse selection Charles Wilsonadvertising

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aggregate demand theory H Sonnenscheinaggregation (production) Franklin Fisher&Felipeagricultural finance Carter Michael Rpopulation and agricultural growth Roumasset James Aagriculture and economic development Mellor John Walienation Jonathan WolffAllais Paradox Maurice, AllaisAllais, Maurice (born 1911) Bernard, BellocAllen, Roy George Douglas (1906–1983) J R N, StoneAmerican Economic Association Bernstein, Michaelamortization Charles R. Hultenanalogy and metaphor Harre Romvariance, analysis of Andrew GelmanAnderson, Oskar Nikolayevich (1887–1960) Heinrich L, Streckeranimal spirits Roger FarmerAntonelli, Giovanni Battista (1858–1944) A P, KirmanAquinas, St Thomas (1225–1274) Barry, Gordonarbitrage pricing theory Gur Hubermanarbitrage Philip H, Dybvig & Stephen RossARCH models Oliver Lintonarms races Michael Intriligator & BritoArndt, Heinz Wolfgang (1915–2002) R D, FreemanArrow-Debreu model of general equilibrium John, GeanakoplosArrow's theorem Kenneth J, Arrowassets and liabilities Kenneth E, Bouldingasymmetric information Attwood, Thomas (1783–1856) B A, Corryauctioneer F, HahnAupetit, Albert (1876–1943) Roger, DehenAuspitz, Rudolf (1837–1906) Jurg, NiehansAustrian economics Kirzner IsraelAverch-Johnson effect Averch H AAyres, Clarence Edwin (1891–1972) Warren J, SamuelsAndo, Albert K. (1929–2002) Horioka Charles YujiAkerlof, George Arthur (born 1940) Main Brian G Magricultural markets in developing countries Barrett Christopheragricultural research Evenson Robertambiguity and ambiguity aversion Siniscalchi Marcianoaccess to land and development Alain de Janvryassortative matching Li HaoAmerican exceptionalism Keely Louiseauctions (applications) Patrick L. Bajariauctions (theory) Ausubel Lawrence Magent-based models Page Scott Eauctions (empirics) Vuong Quang H

stochastic adaptive dynamics Young Peytonanthropometric history Komlos Johnantitrust enforcement Harrington Jr Joseph Epopulation aging Weil Davidretirement Hurd Michaelairline industry Borenstein Severinagency problems Luca Anderlini&Felliaffirmative action Harry J. Holzersurvey data, analysis of Jeffrey Dominitzarrears Mark Schafferassumptions controversy Boland, Lawrencearms trade Charles H. Anderton&Carterartificial regressions James MacKinnonaggregation (econometrics) Thomas M. Stoker adaptive estimation Douglas G. Steigerwaldaltruism, history of the concept Fontaine, Philippeapproximate solutions to dynamic models (linear methods) Uhlig, Harald affine term structure models Brandt, Michael and Chapman, Davidaltruism in experiments Andreoni, Jim et. Al.auctions (experiments) John Kagel and Dan Levinagricultural economics C. Ford RungeAiyagari, S. Rao (1952–1997) Dan Peled & Ecksteinaggregation (theory) Werner HildenbrandAustralasia, economics in Selwyn Cornishanti-poverty programmes in the United States Robert MoffittAumann, Robert J. (born 1930) Abraham Neyman addiction George Loewenstein & Scott Rickantidumping Thomas Prusa & Bruce Blonigenanti-discrimination law John J. Donohue IIIAlbert the Great, Saint Albertus Magnus (c.1200–80) Langholm, Oddlearning and evolution in games: adaptive heuristics Young PeytonBachelier, Louis (1870–1946) Beniot, MandelbrotBagehot, Walter (1826–1877) Asa, BriggsBailey, Samuel (1791–1870) R M, RaunerBain, Joe Staten (1912–1991) William G, Shepherdbalanced growth Temple Jonathan R Wbanking crises Charles CalomirisBanking School, Currency School, Free Banking School Anna J SchwartzBaran, Paul Alexander (1910–1964) Paul, SweezyBarbon, Nicholas (1637/40–?1698) Douglas, Vickersbargaining Serrano RobertoBarone, Enrico (1859–1924) F, Caffebarriers to entry Luís M B Cabralbarter in transition Barry IckesBarton, John (1789–1852) Maxine, BergBastiat, Claude Frédéric (1801–1850) R F, HerbertBaudeau, Nicolas (1730–c1792) Peter, GroenewegenBayes, Thomas (1702–1761) D V, LindleyBayesian time series analysis Mark F.J. SteelBeccaria, Cesare Bonesana, Marchese di (1738–1794) Peter, GroenewegenBentham, Jeremy (1748–1832) Philip Schofield Bergson, Abram (1914–2003) M.J. EllmanBerle, Adolf Augustus, Jr. (1895–1971) J K, GalbraithBernoulli, Daniel (1700–1782) S L, ZabellBernstein, Eduard (1850–1932) Tom, BottomoreBertrand, Joseph Louis François (1822–1900) Martin, ShubikBeveridge, William Henry (1879–1963) Jose, Harrisbiased and unbiased technological change Rousseau Peter LBickerdike, Charles Frederick (1876–1961) John S, Chipman

bimetallism Lawrence H. OfficerBlack, Duncan (1908–1991) Bernard, GrofmanBlanqui, Jérôme-Adolphe (1798–1854) Peter, GroenewegenBodin, Jean (1530–1596) Denis O'BrienBöhm-Bawerk, Eugen von (1851–1914) K H, HenningsBoisguilbert, Pierre le pesant, Sieur de (1645–1714) Peter, Groenewegenbonds Donald D. HesterBorda, Jean-Charles De (1733–1799) Charles K, Rowleyrationality, bounded Simon Herbert ABowley, Arthur Lyon (1869–1957) J R N, StoneBoyd, Walter (1754–1837) David, LaidlerBrady, Dorothy Stahl (1903 - 1977) M, Reidbrain drain Frédéric Docquier & Hillel Rapoport Braudel, Fernand (1902–1985) R, ForsterBraverman, Harry (1920–1976) David M, GordonBrentano, Lujo (Ludwig Josef) (1844–1931) B, SchefoldBresciani-Turroni, Costantino (1882–1963) Henry, SpiegelBretton Woods system Kenen Peter Bbribery Susan Rose-AckermanBright, John (1811–89) William D, Gramppbubbles in history Charles P, KindlebergerBücher, Karl Wilhelm (1847–1930) B, Schefoldbudget projections Douglas Holtz-EakinBukharin, Nikolai Ivanovitch (1888–1938) Donald, Harrisbureaucracy Mancur OlsonBurns, Arthur Frank (1904–1987) G, Moorebusiness cycleBauer, Peter Thomas (1915–2002) James A. DornBlack, Fischer (1938–1995) Mehrling PerryBecker, Gary S. (born 1930) Mulligan Casey Bbehavioural game theory Camerer ColinBuchanan, James M. (born 1919) Wagner Richard Ebundling and tying Nalebuff Barrylearning and evolution in games: belief learning Nachbar Johnblack-white labour market inequality in the United States Neal Derekbootstrap Joel Horowitzbias correction Jinyong Hahnbanking industry Dario Focarelli&Pozzolobusiness networks Francis Blochbandit problems Dirk Bergemann, valimakiBernácer, Germán (1883–1965) Mauro Boianovsky Bayesian statistics José M. Bernardo border effects John H. Rogersbayesian methods in macroeconometrics Schorfheide, Frankbequests and the life cycle model Laitner, John beveridge curve Eran YashivBruno, Michael (1932–1996) Joseph ZeiraBrunner, Karl (1916–1989) Allan H. MeltzerBayesian nonparametrics Stephen WalkerBayesian econometrics Dale J. PoirierBondareva, Olga (1937–1991) Myrna Holtz Woodersbankruptcy, economics of Arturo BrisBradford, David (1939–2005) Daniel N. ShaviroBorch, Karl H. (1919–1986) Knut Kristian AaseBalassa, Béla (1928–1991) Carl F. Christ & dMeloBritain, economics in (20th century) Tribe, KeithBanks, Jeffrey Scot (1958–2000) David Austen-Smithbehavioural public economics Antonio Rangelbudget deficits William Gale

business cycle measurement Adrian Pagan&Hardingbullionist controversies (empirical evidence) Lawrence H. OfficerBairoch, Paul (1930–1999) Elise BrezisBertrand competition Dan Kovenock & BayeButlin, Noel George (1921–1991) Graeme SnooksBen Porath, Yoram (1937–1992) Reuben Gronaubehavioural finance Robert BloomfieldBellman equation Yongseok Shinepistemic game theory: beliefs and types Marciano Siniscalchibarter Keith, HartCairnes, John Elliott (1823–1875) R D, Collinson Blackcalculus of variations Morton, Kamiencameralism Recktenwald H CCanard, Nicolas-François (c1750–1833) R F, HerbertCantillon, Richard (1697–1734) Vivan, Walshcapital asset pricing model Michael J. Brennancapital controls Kristin J. Forbescapital gains and losses E Malinvaudcapital gains taxation William Gentrycapital theory (paradoxes) Luigi Lodovico Pasinetti and Scazziericapital utilization Roger Betancourtcapitalism Robert L HeilbronerCarey, Henry Charles (1793–1879) Henry, SpiegelCarlyle, Thomas (1795–1881) Murray, MilgateCassel, Gustav (1866–1944) Bo, Gustafssoncatallactics Rothbard Murray Ncatholic economic thought Teixeira, Pedro&António Almodovarcentral bank independence Carl E. Walshcentral bankingcentral place theory Berliant Marcuscertainty equivalence Xavier, FreixasCES production function Ryuzo SatoCeteris paribus Whitaker J KCeva, Giovanni (1647/48–1734) Giancarlo, GandolfoChalmers, Thomas (1780–1847) D P, O'BrienChamberlin, Edward Hastings (1899–1967) Robert, KuenneChampernowne, David Gawen (1912–2000) F A, Cowellchaotic dynamics in economicsChevalier, Michel (1806–1879) Peter, BridelChicago School Reder, Melvin WChild, Josiah (1630–1699) Douglas, VickerChristaller, Walter (1894–1975) Gordon, Cameroncircular flow Giorgio Gilibertcirculating capital Mark BlaugClapham, John Harold (1873–1946) Phyllis, DeaneClark, Colin Grant (1905–1989) H W, ArndtClark, John Bates (1847–1938) Donald, DeweyClark, John Maurice (1884–1963) Warren J, Samuelsclass David GruskyBritish classical economics Mark Blaugmoney, classical theory of Roy Greencliometrics Whaples Robertclubs Suzanne Scotchmercoalitions Myrna Holtz Wooders & Frank H. Page JrCobb-Douglas functions Murray BrownCobden, Richard (1804–1865) William D, Gramppcobweb theorem Pashingian B PeterColbert, Jean-Baptiste (1619–1683) D C, Colemancollective action (new perspectives) David Myatt

collective bargaining William Browncollusioncommand economy Richard Ericsoncommodity fetishism Andrew Levinecommodity money Warren E. Weber& François VeldeCommons, John Rogers (1862–1945) Warren J, Samuelscommunity indifference curves Wayne Shafercomparative advantage Findlay Ronaldcomparative statics Nachbar Johncompensation principle Chipman John Scompetition Stigler George JCompetition and Selection Winter Sidney Gcompetition, austrian McNulty Paul Jcompetition, classical Eatwell JohnCondillac, Etienne Bonnot de, Abbé de Mureau (1714–1780) Peter, GroenewegenCondorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de H, Moulincongestion Arnott Richardconjectural equilibria F, Hahnconspicuous consumption F Stankovicconstant and variable capitalconsumer surplus Slesnick Daniel Tconsumer expenditure Angus Deatonconsumption sets Peter Newmanconsumption taxation James Poterbaconsumption-based asset pricing models (theory) Fatih Guevenen, Lustig, Hannocontestable markets Willig Robert Dcontingent commodities Zvi, Safracontinuous and discrete time models Christopher A, Simscontract theory Martimort Davidconvex programming Larry Blumecores Werner, Hildenbrandcorporate governance Luigi Zingalescorporations Randall Morckcorrespondence principle Federico Echenique correspondences M, Ali Khancost functions W E, Diewertcost minimization and utility maximization Peter Newmancost-benefit analysis David L. Weimercountertrade Monika SchnitzerCourcelle-Seneuil, Jean Gustave (1813–1892) Albert O, HirschmanCournot, Antoine Augustin (1801–1877) Martin, Shubikcreative destruction Ricardo Caballerocredit cycle P Bridelcredit rationing Charles Calomiris & Stan Longhofer crowding out Olivier J. BlanchardCunningham, William (1849–1919) O, Kurercurrency boards Federico Sturzenegger currency crises Graciela KaminskyCoase, Ronald Harry (born 1910) Steven G. Medemaconvexity Lawrence Blumecost-push inflation George L. PerryCohen Stuart, Arnold Jacob (1855–1921) Arnold, HeertjeCurrie, Lauchlin (1902–1993) Roger Sandilandscommon property resources Platteau Jean-Philippechild labour Basu Kaushikconvergence Durlauf Steven & Paul Johnsoncontingent valuation Cameron Trudy Annmedieval guilds Richardson Garycountervailing power Snyder Christopher

compensating differentials Kahn Matthew Ecredit card industry Wright Juliancommon rights in land Shaw-Taylor Leighcollective models of the household Donni Oliviercomputer industry Greenstein Shanechemical industry Arora Ashishcheap talk John Morgan and Vijay Krishnacollective rationality Hong Luchildcare Blau Davidconsumption externalities Frank Robert Hcultural transmission Verdier Thierryworker participation and profit sharing Pencavel Johnwage inequality, changes in Machin Stephen Van Reenencartels Margaret Levensteinchild health and mortality Janet Curriecore convergence Robert Andersoncompeting risks model Gerard Van den Bergstratified and cluster sampling Jeff Woolridgeconvict labour Farley Grubbcomputational methods in econometrics Vassilis Hajivasilioucurrency competition Stacey L. Schreftcategorical data Colin Cameroncatastrophic risk Richard A. Posnercomputing in mechanism design Tuomas Sandholmcomputation of general equilibria (new developments) Felix Kublercommon factors Heather Andersoncomputer science and game theory Joseph Y. Halperncurrency unions Andrew Roseconventionalism Boland, Lawrencecausality in economics and econometrics Hoover, Kevin D.contemporary capitalism William Lazonickcalibration Ed Prescottconsumer expenditure (new developments and the state of research) Orazio Attanasio&Webercomputation of general equilibria Herbert E, Scarfcapital theory Robert A. BeckerChicago school (new perspectives) Emmett, RossChina, economics in Yagi, Kichirocentral limit theorems Werner Plobergercointegration Mark Watsoncopulas Pravin TrivediCanada, economics in Dimand and Neillcapital measurement Paul Schreyer and E. Diewertcyclical markups Julio Rotembergunemployment and hours of work, cross country differences Richard Rogersongraphical games Michael KearnsCoase theorem Francesco Parisicharitable giving James AndreoniCournot competition Andrew Daughetyconcentration measures Juan Esteban Carranzacoordination problems and communication Jack Ochsinformation cascade experiments Lisa Anderson, Charlie Holtclassical growth model Harris Donald Jcross-cultural experiments Rob Boydcooperation Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintiscollective choice experiments Wilson (only)Chenery, Hollis B. (1918–1994) Shantayanan DevarajanChinese economic reforms Tom Rawski creative destruction (Schumpeterian conception) Arnold Heertjecollective action Mancur, Olson

classical economics and economic growth Cameron Gavinclassical economicscommon knowledgecooperative game theorycooperative game theory (core)classical theory of moneyDalton, Edward Hugh John Neale (1887–1962) Alan, PeacockDavanzati, Bernardo (1529–1606) Peter, GroenewegenDavenant, Charles (1656–1714) Peter, GroenewegenDavenport, Herbert Joseph (1861–1931) Warren J, SamuelsDavidson, David (1854–1942) Carl G, UhrDe Finetti, Bruno (1906–1985) 0decentralization E Malinvauddecision theorydemand price J K Whitakerdemand theory Volker Böhm and Hans Hallerdemographic transition Lee Ronald Demoseconomic demography Kelley Allen Cdependency Gabriel Palmadepletiondeposit insurance Stephen G. Cecchetti depreciation Gautam, Mathurderived demand J K WhitakerDestutt De Tracy, Antoine Louis Claude (1754–1836) R F, Herbertdevelopment economics Debraj Raydialectical reasoning Stedman Jones GarethDickinson, Henry Douglas (1899–1969) David, CollardDietzel, Heinrich (1857–1935) H C, Recketenwalddiffusion of technology Keller Wolfgangdirectly unproductive profit-seeking (DUP) activities Bhagwati Jagdish Ndistributed lags Philip Hans B.F. Fransesclassical distribution theories Massimo, Pivettidividend policy David J. Denis&Mcconnell, John Jdivisia index Charles R. HultenDivisia, François Jean Marie (1889–1964) David E R, Gaydivision of labour Peter Groenewegen Dobb, Maurice Herbert (1900–1976) Amartya, Sendollarization Roberto ChangDomar, Evsey David (1914–1997) E, Cary BrownDorfman, Joseph (1904–1991) Henry W, Spiegeldouble-entry bookkeeping Basil S, YameyDouglas, Paul Howard (1892–1976) Colin G, ClarkDu Pont de Nemours, Pierre Samuel (1739–1817) Peter, Groenewegendual economies Vines David & Zeitlinduality Larry BlumeDühring, Eugen Karl (1833–1921) Tom, Bottomoredummy variables Piertro BalestraDunlop, John Thomas (1914–2003) Richard B. FreemanDupuit, Arsene-Jules-Emile Juvenal (1804–1866) Robert B, Ekelund, Jr.demand-pull inflation George L. PerryNorth, Douglass Cecil (born 1920) Greif AvnerDornbusch, Rudiger (1942–2002) Rogoff KenDebreu, Gerard (born 1921) Larry BlumeMcfadden, Daniel (born 1937) John Rustdurable goods markets and aftermarkets Waldman Michaeldispute resolution Farmer AmyPatinkin, Don (1922–1955) Nissan Liviatandecision theory in econometrics Kei Hiranodifference-in-difference estimators Alberto Abadie

dynamic programming John Rustdefence economics Keith Hartleydeterminacy and indeterminacy of equilibria Chris Shannondeterministic evolutionary dynamics William Sandholmdemocratic paradoxes Norman J. SchofieldDantzig, George B. (1914–2005) B. Curtis Eaves & Thapa & Cottledefault and enforcement constraints Perri, Fabrizio dynamic models with non-clearing markets Jean-Pascal Bénassydata mining Greene, Clintondata filters Timothy Cogleydual track liberalization Yingyi QianDurbin-Watson statistic James MacKinnondistributive politics and targeted public spending Brian KnightDirector, Aaron (1901–2004) Steven G. MedemaDutch DiseaseDenison, Edward (1915–1992) Barry P. BosworthDíaz-Alejandro, Carlos (1937–1985) Gabriel Palmade-industrialization, 'premature' de-industrialization and the Dutch Gabriel Palmadevelopment accountingEasterlin hypothesis Macunovich&EasterlinEckstein, Otto (1927–1984) Lester, Thuroweconometrics M. Hashem Pesaran etaleconomic anthropology Timothy Earleeconomic history Field Alexander Jeconomic laws Zamagni Stefanoeconomic man Hargreaves Heap, Shauneconomic surplus and the equimarginal principle Maurice, AllaisEden, Frederick Morton (1766–1809) K, TribeEdgeworth, Francis Ysidro (1845–1926) John Creedyeffective demand J A Kregelefficient allocation Stanley, Reiterefficient markets hypothesis Andrew W. LoEinaudi, Luigi (1874–1961) F, Caffeelasticities approach to the balance of payments Kemp Murray Celasticity Peter, Newmanelasticity of substitution D R, HelmEllet, Charles, Jr. (1810–1862) Robert B, Ekelund, Jr.Ely, Richard Theodore (1854–1943) A W, Coatsemerging markets Aizenman Joshuaendogeneity and exogeneity John, Gewekeendogenous growth theory Howitt Peterenergy economics Sickles Robin CEngel curve Lewbel ArthurEngel, Ernst (1821–1896) H S, HouthakkerEngel's law Browning MartinEngels, Friedrich (1820–1895) Gareth, Stedman Jonesenvelope theorem Eugene Silberbergenvironmental economics Stavins Robert NEphémérides du citoyen ou chronique de l'esprit national Peter, Groenewegenequality James S, Colemanequation of exchange Michael D BordoEquilibrium (development of the concept) Murray MilgateErlich, Alexander (1913–1985) Diane, FlahertyEucken, Walter (1891–1950) Joseph, MolsbergerEuler's theorem Peter, Newmaneuro Adam Poseneuropean central bank Binder MichaelEvans, Griffith Conrad (1887–1973) Herbert A, Simonex ante and ex post Steiger Otto

exchange Robert B, Wilsonexchange rate exposure Linda L. Tesar &Dominguezexcise taxes James Hinesexhaustible resources Geoffrey M. Healexistence of general equilibrium Gerald, Debreuexit and voice Hirschman Albert Oexpectations Robert J, Shillerexpected utility hypothesis Machina Markexperimental methods in economics Vernon L, Smithexploitation Gilbert L. Skillmanexternal economies Peter, Bohmexternalities J J, Laffonteconomic calculation in socialist countries M.J. EllmanEngle, Robert F. (born 1942) Bollerslev Timenvironmental Kuznets curve Levinson Arikconstitutions, economic approach to Mueller Dennis Csize of nations, economics approach to the Spolaore Enricoequality of opportunity Roemer John Eliability for accidents Shavell Stevenmusic markets, economics of Scherer Frederic Mlitigation, economics of Spier Kathrynbooks, economics of van der Ploeg Frederickproperty law, economics and Lueck Deanbankruptcy law, economics of corporate and personal White Michelle Jecological economics Xepapadeas Anastasiosscience, economics of Diamond Arthur Mmotion pictures, economics of Walls Davidart, economics of Throsby Daviddeterrence (empirical), economic analyses of Levitt Steveneconomic sociology Swedberg Richardhealth insurance, economics of Newhouse Joseph Pclimate change, economics of Goulder Lawrence Hlearning and evolution in games: ESS Ross Cressmanreligion, economics of Berman Eli and Larry Iannaccone Eisner, Robert (1922–1998) James K. Galbraithoil and the macroeconomy James D. Hamilton sports, economics of Zimbalist Andrewdeterrence (theory), economics of Ehrlich Isaaceducational finance Fishchel Williameducation production functions Hanushek Ericsuperstars, economics of Oi Walterequivalence scales Lewbel Arthurlearning and evolution in games: an overview William Sandholmelectricity markets Wolfram Catherineencompassing Mizon Grayham Einternet, economics of the Economides Nicholasefficiency wages Andrew Weisseconomy as a complex system Alan Kirmannew economic geography Anthony Venableseducation in developing countries Glewwe Paulempirical likelihood Yuichi Kitamuraextreme bounds analysis Ed Leamerefficiency bounds Han Hongpolitical institutions, economic approaches to Timothy J. Besley & PerssonEconophysics J. Barkley Rossersocial status, economics and Chaim Fershtmancampaign finance, economics of Scott Ashworthsocial interactions (empirics) Yannis Ioannidesepistemic game theory: an overview Adam Brandenburger

epistemic game theory: complete information Adam Brandenburgerpopulation health, economic implications of David Bloomeconomic governance Avinash Dixiteconomic epidemiology Tomas J. Philipsonhazardous waste, economics of Hilary Sigmanelites and economic outcomes Elise BrezisGerman reunification, economics of Jennifer Huntexchange rate dynamics Nelson C. Markterrorism, economics of Gregory D. Hessrational expectations models, estimation of Piazessi, Monikaeconomic growth nonlinearities Chih Ming Tanecological inference Gary King et alethics and economics Marc Fleurbaeyegalitarianism Harry Brighouse&Adam Swiftentrepreneurship William J. Baumolexperimental macroeconomics John Duffyexperimental labour economics Armin Falk and Simon Gäechterexperimental economics Vernon Smithexchangeability David Draperenterprise zones Leslie Papkeculture and economics Raquel Fernandezeconomic growth in the very long run Oded Galorequilibrium-correction models David Hendrycorporate law, economic analysis of Robert M. DainesEuler equations Jonathan A. Parkerexperimental economics, history of Guala, Francescoexplanation Julian Reiss (julian.nyc@gmail.com) economics, definition of Roger Backhouse and Steve Medemaextreme poverty Jeffrey D. Sachs&McCordexcess volatility tests Stephen Leroyevolutionary economics Ulrich Wittestate and inheritance taxes Wojciech Kopczuk endogenously market incompleteness Chris Sleetexperiments and econometrics Daniel Houserexperimental methods in environmental economics Jason ShogrenEuropean Monetary Union Charles Wyploszexchange rate target zones John Driffilleconomic sanctions Jeffrey J. Schott et almarket power and collusion in laboratory markets Doug Daviseconomic development and the environment Ian CoxheadEuropean labour markets Giuseppe Bertolaelectronic commerce Avi Goldfarb elasticity of intertemporal substitution Christopher J. Blissexchange rate volatility Ricardo Rigobonemergence Yannis Ioannidesentitlements in laboratory experiments Sheryl B. Ballexcess burden of taxation James Hineseconomic growth, empirical regularities in Durlauf Steven and Paul JohnsonFabian economics Durbin Elizabethfactor price frontier Heinz D, KurzFarr, William (1807–1883) R M, SmithFarrell, Michael James (1926–1975) Christopher, BlissFasiani, Mauro (1900–1950) Massimo, FinoiaFaustmann, Martin (1822–1876) Anthony, Scottfederal reserve system Hester Donald DFel'dman, Grigorii Alexandrovich (1884–1958) M.J. EllmanFetter, Frank Albert (1863–1949) Murray N, Rothbardfeudalism Robert Brennerfiat money Neil Wallace

fiducial inference D A S Fraserfinance Stephen A, Rossfinancial structure and economic development Toye JohnFinley, Moses (1912–1986) Isabel, Raphaelfirm, theory of the G C, Archibaldfiscal and monetary policies in developing countries Fielding Davidfiscal federalism David WildasinFisher, Irving (1867–1947) James, TobinFisher, Ronald Aylmer (1890–1962) A W F, Edwardsfisheries Colin W. Clarkfixed factors Walter Y, Oifixed point theorems Andrew McLennanFleming, John Marcus (1911–1976) S C, Tsiangfixprice models Joaquim Silvestre Forbonnais, François Véron Duverger de (1722–1800) Peter, Groenewegenforced saving Hansson, Bjornforecasting Clive Grangerforeign aid Tarp Finnforeign direct investment Bruce A. Blonigenforeign exchange markets, history of Cecco Marcello defranchising Lafontaine Francinefree banking era Arthur J. Rolnickfree disposal Ted, BergstromFriedman, Milton (1912–2006) Steven Durlauf based upon original by Alan, WaltersFrisch, Ragnar Anton Kittel (1895–1973) P, Norregaard Rasmussenfull and limited information methods Thomas, RothenbergFullarton, John (1780?–1849) Roy, Greenfunctional analysis Leonid, Kantorovichfutures markets, hedging and speculation David M. NewberyFogel, Robert William (born 1926) Engerman Stanley Lfeminist economics Nelson Juliefertility in developing countries Schultz T Paulfirm boundaries (empirical studies) Hubbard Thomas Nfertility in developed countries Alicia Adsera family decision making Lundberg Shelly, Robert Pollakfinance (new developments) Jiang Wang family economics John ErmischFurtado, Celso (1920–2004) Mauro Boianovsky functional finance Colander, Davidfixed effects and random effects Badi H. Baltagifractals Laurent Calvetfalsificationism Hausman, Danielfactor prices in general equilibrium Michael Mandlerforeign exchange market microstructure Martin Evansfiscal theory of the price level Basseto, Marcofair allocation William L. ThomsonFoster, William Trufant (1879–1950) Robert W. Dimandfield experiments John List and David ReileyFrance, economics in (before 1870) Alain Béraud & Philippe SteinerFrance, economics in (after 1870) Alain Béraud & Philippe Steinerfinancial market anomalies Donald B. Keimfactor models Jushan Baifunctional central limit theorems Werner Plobergerfinite sample econometrics Aman UllahFinancial liberalization

Romain Ranciere, Aaron Tornell and Frank Westermann

firm-level employment dynamics Jeff Campbellintergenerational transmission Lance Lochnerfamines Cormac Ó Grádafinancial market contagion Morgan Kelly

financial intermediation John Boydfactor content of trade Donald Davisfactor price equalization (historical trends) Kevin H. O'RourkeGalbraith, John Kenneth (1908–2006) Lester C, ThurowGaliani, Ferdinando (1728–1787) Filippo, Cesaranogame theory Aumann R JGeary, Robert Charles (1896–1983) J R N, StoneGee, Joshua (fl.1725–1750) Douglas, Vickersgeneral equilibrium Lionel, McKenzieGenovesi, Antonio (1712–1769) Angelo, BertoliniGeorge, Henry (1839–1897) Mason, GaffneyGeorgescu-Roegen, Nicholas (1906–1994) Stefanpo, ZamagniGerschenkron, Alexander (1904–1978) Alber, FishlowGervaise, Isaac (fl. 1680–1720) Peter, GroenewegenGesell, Silvio (1862–1930) Victoria, ChickGibrat, Robert Pierre Louis (1904–1980) David E R, GayGibrat's law Jose MataGiffen, Robert (1837–1910) Murray, MilgateGiffen's paradox Nachbar JohnGilman, Charlotte Perkins (1860–1935) B, BerchGini ratio Camilo DagumGini, Corrado (1884–1965) Camilo, Dagumgolden rule Edmund S, PhelpsGoldsmith, Raymond William (1904–1988) E, Denisongoods and commodities Murray, MilgateGordon, Robert Aaron (1908–1978) B G, HickmanGossen, Hermann Heinrich Jurg, NiehansGournay, Jacques Claude Marie Vincent, Marquis de (1712–1759) Peter, GroenewegenGraham, Frank Dunstone (1890–1949) Randall, Hishawgraph theory Alan KirmanGraunt, John (1620–1674) R M, Smithgravity models Dr. Pierre-Philippe CombesGresham, Thomas (c1519–1579) Eleanor G, PowellGresham's law François VeldeGriliches, Zvi (1930–1999) Ernst Berndtgross substitutes Lionel W, McKenzieGrotius (de Groot), Hugo (1583–1645) P G, Steingrowth accounting Francesco Caselligrowth and cycles Barvely Gadigrowth and international trade Rauch Jamesglobal analysis in economic theory Steve, Smalegovernment budget constraint James Nasongrowth and institutions Acemoglu Darongrowth and civil war Collier PaulSchumpeterian growth and growth policy design Aghion PhilippeGranger, Clive W. J. Terasvirta Timoglobalization Easterly Williamglobal games Morris Stephengrowth and learning-by-doing Beaudry Paulghettoes Margo Robert AGIS data in economicsgender roles and division of labour Jacobsen Joyce Pgeneral equilibrium (new developments) Zame Williamgreat divide Erik BerglofGranger-Sims causality Guido Kuersteinerepistemic game theory: incomplete information Aviad HeifetzGermany, economics in (20th century) Hagemann, Haraldgame theory in economics, origins of Robert LeonardGerman economics in the early 19th century Tribe, Keith

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Buchinsky and Durlauf based on original by Charles E Bates

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Keynes, John Maynard (new perspectives) Roger Backhouse & BatemanKyrk, Hazel (1886–1957) Robert W. Dimand & Evelyn Forget labour economics R B, Freemanlabour market discriminationlabour market institutions Richard B. Freemanlabour theory of value Vianello Fernandolabour-managed firms Louis PuttermanLaffer curve Don Fullertonlagrange multipliers S N, Afriatland tax Gaffney, MasonLandry, Adolphe (1874–1956) E, MalinvaudLange, Oskar Ryszard (1904–1965) Tadeusz, KowalikLardner, Dionysius (1793–1859) Robert B, Ekelund, Jr.large economies John, RobertsLaspeyres, Ernst Louis Etienne (1834–1913) W E, DiewertLassalle, Ferdinand (1825–1864) Tom, BottomoreLauderdale, Eighth Earl of [James Maitland] (1759–1839) Morton, PaglinLaughlin, James Laurence (1850–1933) Milton, FriedmanLaunhardt, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm (1832–1918) Jurg, Niehanslaw, economic analysis of law(s) of large numbers Werner PlobergerLaw, John (1671–1729) Michael Bordolayoffs Haltiwanger JohnLe Chatelier principle Gene SilberbergLe Trosne, Guillaume François (1728–1780) Peter, Groenewegenindividual learning in games Teck Holearning-by-doing Spyros VassilakisLederer, Emil (1882–1939) Robert A, Dicklerleisure Lars Osbergleisure class Fernando, StankovicLenin, Vladimir Ilyich [Ulyanov] (1870–1924) Meghnad, DesaiLeontief, Wassily (1906–1999) R, DorfmanLerner, Abba Ptachya (1905–1982) T, ScitovskyLeroy-Beaulieu, Pierre-Paul (1843–1916) R F, HerbertLewis, W. Arthur (1915–1991) Ronald, Findlaylexicographic orderings C, Blackorbyliberalism and economics Dahrendorf, RalfLieben, Richard (1842–1919) Jurg, Niehanslife cycle hypothesislife tables Nathan Keyfitzlimit pricing Stephen MartinLindahl equilibrium John, RobertsLindahl, Erik Robert (1891–1960) Otto, Steigerlinear models Edwin, Burmeisterlinear programming George B, Dantziglinkages Ciccone AntonioLintner, John Virgil (1916–1983) J Fred, Westonliquidity preference Carlo PanicoList, Friedrich (1789–1846) K, TribeLloyd, William Forster (1794–1852) Barry, Gordonloanable funds S C Tsianglocal public finance John Quigleylognormal distribution P E HartLongfield, Mountifort R D, Collinson BlackLorenz curve Nanak, KakwaniLösch, August (1906–1945) Wolfgang F, StolperLowe, Adolph (1893–1995) Edward J, Nelllucas critique Ljungqvist, Larslump sum taxes J, de V Graaff

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Mason, Edward Sagendorph (1899–1992) Gustav F, PapanekMassé, Pierre (1898–1987) Marcel P, Boiteuxmatching Moscarini, Giuseppe material balances Gregory Grossmanmathematical economics Debreu Gerardmathematical methods in political economy F Y, Edgeworthmaximum likelihood Jack PorterMazzola, Ugo (1863–1899) F, CaffeMcculloch, John Ramsay (1789–1864) D P, O'Brienmeaningfulness and invariance R Duncan, Luce &Narens LouisMeans, Gardiner Coit (1896–1988) Leon H, Keyserlingmean-variance analysis Harry M, Markowitzmeasure theory A P, Kirmanmeasurement, theory of R Duncan, Luce &Narens Louismechanism design Roger MyersonMenger, Carl (1840–1921) Karen I, Vaughnmercantilism Laura Lahaye Mercier De La Rivière, Pierre-Paul (Mercier or Lemercier) Peter, Groenewegenmerger analysis (United States) Carlton Dennismerit goods MusgraveMethodenstreit Fusfeld Daniel RMetzler, Lloyd Appleton (1913–1980) George, HorwichMill, John Stuart (1806–1873) Neil de Marchi minimum wages Bruce Weinberg (revision of Donald O Parsons)Mises, Ludwig Edler Von (1881–1973) Murray N, RothbardMisselden, Edward (fl. 1608–1654) Douglas, VickersMitchell, Wesley Clair (1874–1948) Geoffrey H, MooreModigliani-Miller theorem Anne P. Villamilmonetarism Phillip Caganmonetary approach to the balance of payments Blejer Mario I & Frenkelmonetary cranks David, Clarkmonetary policymonetary policy rulesmonetary transmission mechanism Peter Irelandmoney James Tobinmoney and general equilibrium Douglass Galemoney illusion Peter Howittmoney supply Benjamin Friedmanmoneylenders in developing countries Jacoby Hanan Gmonopolistic competition Archibald G Cmonopoly West Edwin Gmonopoly capitalism Sweezy Paul MMoore, Henry Ludwell (1869–1958) A W, Coatsmoral hazard Y. KotowitzMorgenstern, Oskar (1902–1977) Martin, Shubikmortality

James W. Vaupel, Kristín G. von Kistowski, and Roland Rau

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measurement error models Han HongMincer, Jacob (1922–2006) WelchMarcet, Jane Haldimand (1769–1858) Robert W. Dimand & Evelyn Forget multinational firmsMalthus, Thomas Robert (1766–1834) John Pullennational income Thomas K. Rymesnational system Spiegel Henry Wnatural and warranted rates of growth Kregel J Anatural price Vaggi Gnatural rate and market rate of interest Leijonhufvud Axelnatural rate of unemployment Michael PriesNemchinov, Vasily Sergeevich (1894–1964) M C, Kaserneoclassical' Aspromourgos Tonyneoclassical growth theory Frank Hahn neoclassical synthesis Olivier J. Blanchardneutral taxation Arnold Harbergerneutrality of money Don Patinkinnew classical macroeconomics Stanley Fischernew open economy macroeconomics Giancarlo Corsetti Newcomb, Simon (1835–1909) Milton, Friedmannominal exchange rates Baillie Richard Tnon-expected utility theory Machina Marknonlinear programming Michael, Intriligatornon-nested hypotheses M. Hashem Pesaran non-standard analysis Peter A, Loebnon-substitution theorems NeriNorth, Dudley (1641–1691) Douglas, VickersNove, Alexander (Alec) N. (1915–1994) P J D, WilesNovozhilov, Viktor Valentinovich (1892–1970) Holland, Hunternumeraire Michael, AllinghamNurkse, Ragnar (1907–1959) Kaushik, Basunutrition and development Glewwe Paulartificial neural networks Kuan Chung-Mingnetwork formation Jackson Matthewnon-cooperative games (equilibrium existence) Reny PhilipNash program Serrano Robertonetwork goods (theory) Klemperer Paulneighbours and neighbourhoods Ingrid Gould Ellennetwork goods (empirical studies) Neil Gandalnonlinear panel data models Katerina Kyriazidounatural experiments and quasi-natural experiments John DiNardononparametric structural models Rosa Matzkinnon-governmental organizations Caren Grown NAFTA Gordon Hanson.noise traders Gary B. Gortonnational bureau of economic research Rutherford, Malcolmnumerical optimization methods in economics Karl Schmeddersneo-Ricardian economics Heinz Kurz and Neri Salvadoriadjustment costs Thomas, Julia &Khannonlinear time series analysis Bruce Mizrachnon-clearing markets in general equilibrium Jean-Pascal BénassyVorob'ev, Nikolai N. (1925–1995) Leon A PetrosjanNash, John Forbes (born 1928) Joel Watsonneuroeconomics John DickhautNavier, Claude Louis Marie Henri (1785–1836) Robert F. HebertNikaido, Hukukane (1923–2001) Kazuo Nishimuranational accounting, history of André VANOLIthreshold models Timo Terasvirtasieve extremum estimation Xiaohong Chen

non-profit organizations Richard Steinberg and Burton A. Weisbrodnutrition and public policy in advanced economies Janet Currienew Keynesian macroeconomics Huw Dixonneoclassical growth theory (new perspectives) Manuelli RodolfoNew Deal Price V. Fishback non-tariff barriers John C. Beghinnew institutional economics Lee Alstonoffer curve or reciprocal demand curve Harvey, GramOhlin, Bertil Gotthard (1899–1979) Hans, BremsOkun, Arthur M. (1928–1980) James, Tobinoligopoly P Sylos-Labinoperations research Ilan B. Vertinskyopportunity cost James M, Buchananoptimal tariffs Nuno Limãooptimal taxation Kaplowoptimality and efficiency Peter, Newmanoptimum quantity of money Timothy S. Fuerstoptions Robert C, Mertonorderings C Peter, BlackorbyOresme, Nicholas (1325–1382) Barry, GordonOrtes, Giammaria (1713–1790) Edward, Cannanoverlapping generations model of general equilibrium Geanakoplos JohnOverstone, Lord [Samuel Jones Loyd] (1796–1883) D P, O'BrienOwen, Robert (1771–1858) N W, ThompsonOlson, Mancur (1932–1998) Oppenheimer Joe AOligarchs Sergei Gurievergodicity and nonergodicity in economics Horst UlrichOkun's law Jesús Crespo Cuaresmaoptimal fiscal and monetary policy (without commitment) Golosov, Mike & Tsyvinski, Alehoptimal fiscal and monetary policy (with commitment) Golosov, Mike & Tsyvinski, AlehOrganization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) James L. Smithoptions (new perspectives) Thaleia Zariphopoulouinternational outsourcing Deborah L. Swensonoutput fall – transformational recession Barry Ickesorganic composition of capitalPalander, Tord Folkeson (1902–1972) Thomas, PuuPalgrave, Robert Harry Inglis (1827–1919) Murray, MilgatePalgrave's Dictionary of Political Economy Milgate MurrayPalmer, John Horsley (1779–1858) Anna J, SchwartzPantaleoni, Maffeo (1857–1924) G, Becattiniparadigms Urbach Peterparadoxes and anomalies De Marchi NPareto distribution Joseph SteindlPareto efficiency B, LockwoodPareto, Vilfredo (1848–1923) A P, KirmanPascal, Blaise (1623–1662) A W F, Edwardspatents Hall BronwynPatten, Simon Nelson (1852–1922) A W F, Coatspeasant economy Stern N Hpeasants Otsuka KeijiroPenrose, Edith Tilton (1914–1996) R L, Marrispensions Zvi Bodieperfect competition M. Ali Kahnperfect foresight Bray Margaretperfect information Mirman Leonard Jperiod of production G O, OroselPerlman, Selig (1888–1959) M, Donnellypermanent-income hypothesis Erik Hurst & Mark AguiarPerron-Frobenuis theorem Hukukane, Nikaido

Perroux, François (1903–1987) Henry W, SpiegelPersons, Warren Milton (1878–1937) George S, Tavlaspeso problem Karen K. LewisPetty, William (1623–1687) Allessandro, RoncagliaPhelps Brown, (Ernest) Henry (1906–1994) Guy, RouthPhillips curve Edmund S PhelpsPhillips, Alban William Housego (1914–1975) C A, Blythphilosophy and economics Hands, D Wadephysiocracy Vaggi GPierson, Nichlaas Gerard (1839–1909) Arnold, HeertjePigou, Arthur Cecil (1877–1959) Nahid Aslanbeiguiplanning VohraPlekhanov, Georgii Valentinovich (1856–1918) M, FalkusPolanyi, Karl (1886–1964) George, Daltonpolitical business cycles Allan Drazenpolitical economy' Groenewegen PeterPontryagin's principle of optimality M I, Zelikinpopulation dynamics Ronald Leepositive economics Lipsey, Richardpositivism Caldwell Bruce JPostan, Michael Moïssey (1899–1981) Robert, BrennerPost Keynesian economics King, Johnpoverty A B, AtkinsonPrebisch, Raúl (1901–1986) J G, Palmapredatory pricing Ordoverpreference reversals Chris Starmersocial preferences Jeff CarpenterPreobrazhensky, Evgenii Alexeyevich (1886–1937) M.J. Ellmanpreordering C, Blackorbypresent value Stephen F. LeRoyprice control J K Galbraithprice revolution Munro John Hprimary and secondary labour markets Paul Ryanprincipal and agent (I) Munro, ECprincipal and agent (ii) Joseph E, Stiglitzprivatization John Vickersproduct differentiation Anderson Simon Pproduction functions Dale W, Jorgensonclassical production theories Gilibert, Giorgioprofit and profit theory Meghnad, Desaiprogressive and regressive taxation Efe OkProperty rights Armen A, Alchianproperty taxation George ZodrowPublic Choice Gordon Tullockpublic debt James M Buchananpublic finance R A Musgravepublic goods Agnar Sandmopublic works Bridel Ppurchasing power parity Lucio Sarnopolitical arithmetic Deane PhyllisPufendorf, Samuel von (1632–1694) Arild Sætherpollution permits Gayer Tedpartial identification in econometrics Chuck Manskipoverty alleviation programmes Ravallion MartinPareto principle Kaplow Louislaw, public enforcement of Polinsky A Mitchell & Shavellpolarization Anderson Gordonpath dependence and occupations Zvi Eckstein&Botticinipecuniary versus non-pecuniary penalties Kahan Dan M

purification Morris StephenPrescott, Edward Christian (born 1940) Parente Stephen Lpolitical competition Austen-Smith Davidpath dependence in technical standards Puffert Douglaspower laws Gabaix XavierTaking (Eminent Domain) Perry Shapiropatent valuation Putnam Jonathanpersonnel economics Lazear Edwardprice discrimination (empirical studies) Verboven Frankpharmaceutical industry Ellison Sara Fisherpath dependence Steven Durlaufproduct life cycle Klepper Stevenpoverty traps Matsuyama Kiminoriprice discrimination (theory) Miravete, Eugenio J.proportional hazard model Jerry Hausman&Woutersenpropensity score Jinyong Hahnpayment systems William Roberdsprocurement Yeon Koo Chepartial linear model Elie Tamerprediction markets Justin Wolfersprotoindustrialization Sheilagh Ogilvieprivatization impacts in transition economies Saul Estrinpower Samuel Bowlesprediction formulas Charles H. Whiteman and Kurt Lewispostmodernism Klaes, Matthiaspolitical budget cycles Allan Drazenprecautionary principle Christain Gollier & Treichpanic of 1907 Jon Moenpoverty lines Ravallion Martinpublic goods experiments Rachel CrosonPigouvian taxes Agnar Sandmopsychology of social networks Philippa Pattison et alPhillips curve (new views) Fisher, JonasEnglish school of political economy A. M. C. Watermanpsychological games Martin Dufwenberg, Sr public utility pricing and finance Frank Wolakprecautionary saving and precautionary wealth Miles Kimball & Chris Carrollmandated employer provision of employee benefits Jonathan GruberPortugal, economics in Cardoso, José Luís Miranda Policy reform, political economy of Sharun Mukandpublic infrastructure Therese McGuire and Teresa Garcia-Mila intertemporal choice David Laibsonpublic capital David A. Aschauerprospect theory Graham Loomes price dispersion Ed HopkinsPhelps, Edmund (born 1933) Gylfi Zoegaprediction market design David Crosonquantity theory of money Milton Friedmanquasi-concavity J P, CrouzeixQuesnay, François (1694–1774) G, Vaggitariff versus quota Arvind Panagariyaquantile regression Moshe Buchinskyquantal response equilibria Jacob Goree, Charles Holt and Thomas Palfreyradical economics Flaherty, DianeRae, John (1796–1872) K H, HenningsRae, John (1845–1915) Andrew, SkinnerRamsey model Newbery David MRamsey pricing William J, BaumolRamsey, Frank Plumpton (1903–1930) Peter, Newman

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rational choice and sociology Peter Hedström, Sternrobust control Williams, Noahrecursive contracts Marcet, Albertrecursive competitive equilibrium Mehra, Rajrational choice and political science Susanne Lohmannrobust estimators in econometrics Wolfgang Härdlerationality, history of the concept Sent, Esther-MirjamRothbard, Murray N. (1926–1995) Edward StringhamRosenthal, Robert W. (1944–2002) Barton L. LipmanRicardo, David (1772–1823) Terry Peachrecursive preferences Backus, David, Routledge, B. & Zin, Stanleyrealized volatility Torben Andersonreduced rank regression Soren JohansenRuggles, Richard (1916–2001) Edward Nathan Wolff regime switching models James D. HamiltonRostow, Walt Whitman (1916–2003) Douglas Calvin Dacyreal rigidities David RomerRoy model Heckman&Taberreal bills doctrine versus the quantity theory Timothy S. Fuerstreciprocity and collective action Rajiv Sethireal wage rates (historical trends) Robert AllenRicardian trade theory Kiminori Matsuyamarationality Larry Blume and David EasleySaint-Simon, Claude-Henri (1760–1825) TribeSamuelson, Paul Anthony (born 1915) Stanley, FischerSargan, John Denis 1924–1996 Phillips Peter C B and Hendry Davidsatisficing Herbert A SimonSauvy, Alfred (1898–1990) Ronald, LeeSavage, Leonard J. (Jimmie) (1917–1971) I Richard, SavageSax, Emil (1845–1927) K, SchmidtSay, (Jean-Baptiste) Léon (1826–1896) R F, HebertSay, Jean-Baptiste (1767 - 1832) Thomas, SowellSay's Law Thomas SowellSchlesinger, Karl (1889–1938) Guido, SchwodiauerSchmoller, Gustav von (1838–1917) B, SchefoldSchmookler, Jacob (1918–1967) N, RosenbergSchultz, Henry (1893–1938) Jacob L, MosakSchultz, T.W. (1902–1998) James WalkerSchumpeter, Joseph Alois (1883–1950) Arnold, HeertjeScitovsky, Tibor (1910–2002) Irma, AdelmanScott, William Robert (1868–1940) Andrew, SkinnerEnlightenment, Scottish Robertson, JohnScrope, George Poulett (1797–1876) Barry, Gordonsearch theory P, Diamondsecond best Peter, Bohmselection bias and self-selection James J Heckmancontrol functions Salvador NavarroSeligman, Edwin Robert Anderson (1861–1939) A W, CoatsSenior, Nassau William (1790–1864) Neil de Marchi separability R. Robert Russell, Blackorby, Primontsequence economies Ross M, Starrsequential analysis James O. BergerShackle, George Lennox Sharman (1903–1992) Peter, Earlshadow pricing Kanbur Ravishapley value Hart SergiuShapley-Folkman theorem Ross M, Starrsharecropping Dubois PierreShephard, Ronald William (1912–1982) W E, DiewertSidgwick, Henry (1838–1900) Barton Schultz

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Andrew S. Skinner (working with previous author Walter Eltis who is in poor health and unable to

Stewart, Dugald (1753–1828) Nicholas, PhillipsonStigler, George Joseph (1911–1991) David M. Levystochastic dominance Russell Davidsonstochastic optimal control A. G. (Tassos) Malliarisbubbles Markus K. BrunnermeierStockholm School Hansson Bjornstocks and flows Glenn W, HarrisonStone, John Richard Nicholas (1913–1991) Angus Deatonstrategic trade policy Barbara Spencer and James A. Branderstrategy-proof allocation mechanisms Mark A, Satterthwaitestrikes John Kennanstructural unemployment C Freemanstructuralism

Stephanie Blankenburg, José Gabriel Palma and Fiona Tregenna

stylized facts Boland, Lawrencesubsistence and subsistence wages Krishna Bharadwajsubstitutes and complements Peter, Newmansunspot equilibrium Shell Karlsuperneutrality Jean-Pierre Danthine supply and demand' Peter, Groenewegen

Sweezy, Paul Marlor (1910–2004) John Bellamy FosterSwift, Jonathan (1667–1745) J D, Rogersstructural change Matsuyama KiminoriSharpe, William F. (born 1934) Durlauf StevenSmith, Vernon (born 1927) Catherine Eckelstochastic frontier models Wang Hung-JenSolow, Robert (born 1924) Blinder AlanSelten, Reinhard (born 1930) van Damme Ericsystems of cities Henderson J VernonStiglitz, Joseph E. (born 1943) Hoff, Karlaspatial market integration Barrett Christophersocialism (new perspectives) Roemer John Espatial econometrics Conley Timothy Gsocial capital Dasgupta ParthaSpence, A. Michael (born 1943) Lazear Edwardsliding scales (wages) Hanes ChristopherSen, Amartya (born 1933) Anand SudhirSimon, Herbert A. (1916–2001) Augier Mie-Sophia ElisabethScholes, Myron (born 1941) Toni Whitedspatial mismatch hypothesis Zenou Yvesswadeshi movement Wolcott Susansugar industry Mullin Wallyswitching costs Klemperer Paulstatistical mechanics Durlauf Stevensocial discount rate Cowen Tylersymmetry breaking Matsuyama Kiminorisocial norms Peyton Youngsticky wages and staggered wage setting Christopher ErcegSNP: nonparametric time series analysis Ron Gallantsemiparametric estimation James Powellsimulation-based estimation Eric Renaultsocial networks in labour markets Antoni Calvo-Armegnolstratification Stephen Morgans-S models John Leahysocial multipliers Mary Burkesoft budget constraint Gerard Rolandsecond economy (unofficial economy) Michael Alexeevstate capture and corruption in transition economies Konstantin SoninSavage's subjective expected utility model Edi Karnispontaneous order Peter Boettkesmall-world networks Duncan J. Wattssustainability Daniel W. BromleySoviet Union, economics in Vincent BarnettSoviet growth record Gur Oferserial correlation and serial dependence Yongmiao Hongsupermodularity and supermodular games Xavier Vivesshrinkage-biased estimation in econometrics George G. Judgestability and growth pact Thierry Warinscholastic economics Langholm, Oddstructural vector autoregressions Rubio-Ramirez, Juansimulation estimators in macroeconometrics Ingram, Beth skill-biased technical change Violante, Gianluca social insurance Albanesi, Stephania seasonal adjustment Svend HyllebergSmith, Bruce D. (1954–2002) P. Dean Corbaesovereign debt Kenneth M. KletzerStakhanovism Lewis SiegelbaumSoviet and Russian research, development and innovation Julian Cooperstalinism, political economy of Paul Gregory

statistics and economics Spanos, Arissocial choice (new developments) John Weymark & BossertStrotz, Robert H. (1922–1994) Robert Coensearch theory (new perspectives) Shouyong Shistochastic volatility models Neil ShephardSoviet economic reform Vladimir Kontorovichstate space models Andrew Harveysupply chains Martin A. Larivieresocial networks, economic relevance of Martina Morris & Moodystructural change, econometrics of Pierre Perronsurplus Tony Brewerseemingly unrelated regressions Hyungsik Roger Moon & Benoit PerronScandinavia, economics in Niels Kærgård, Bo Sandelin and Arild Sæthersearch models of unemployment David Andolfattostatus and economics Sheryl B. Ballstrategic and extensive form Games Martin Osbornesocial security in the United States Selahattin İmrohoroğlusocial insurance and public policy Jonathan Gruberspain, economics in Alfonso Sánchez Hormigosocial learning Kaivan MunshiSchelling, Thomas C. (born 1921) Timur Kuranstock price predictability Wayne FersonSwan, Trevor W. (1914–1989) Paul A. Johnsonstrategic voting Timothy J. Feddersenstock price volatility Stephen J. Taylorstandards of living (historical trends) Richard Steckelself-confirming equilibria In-Koo Cho & Thomas Sargentsocialist calculation debate David M. Levy &PeartSraffian economics (new developments) Michael MandlerSimonsen, Mario Henrique (1935–1997)Tarbell, Ida Minerva (1857–1944) Alice H, AmsdenTariffs Scitovsky TiborTarshis, Lorie (1911–1993) D E, Moggridgetâtonnement and recontracting Takashi, NegishiTaussig, Frank William (1859–1940) Warren J, SamuelsTawney, Richard Henry (1880–1962) J M, Wintertax competition Mick Keen tax incidence Gilbert Metcalftaxation of corporate profits Alan Auerbachtaxation of income Alan Auerbachtaxation of wealth Alan AuerbachTaylor, Fred Manville (1855–1932) Daniel R, FusfeldTaylorism A L, Friedmanteams Roy, Radnertechnical change Metcalfe Stemporary equilibrium Jean-Michel Grandmontterm structure of interest rates Burton G. Malkielterms of trade Findlay Ronaldthird world debt Bourguignon FrancoisThornton, Henry (1760–1815) David, LaidlerThünen, Johann Heinrich von (1783–1850) Jurg, NiehansTiebout hypothesis Dennis EppleTiebout, Charles Mills (1924–1968) Murray, Milgatetime preference Murray N, Rothbardtime series analysis Lutz Kilian, et al.Tinbergen, Jan (1903–1994) Herman van Dijk & CornelisseTintner, Gerhard (1907–1983) Karl A, FoxTobin, James (1918–2002) Hester, DonaldTobin's q Gary Smith

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tax compliance and tax evasion Joel Slemrodtaxation and poverty John Karl Scholztax shelters David Weisbachhours worked (long run trends) Guillaume Vandenbroucke & Jeremy Greenwoodtransaction costs, history of Klaes, Matthiastax expenditures Daniel Shavirotrust in experiments Iris Bohnettrade and poverty Nina Pavcniktrade costs Jeffrey Bergstrand Tableau économique Loic CharlesTimlin, Mabel Frances (1891–1976) Robert W. Dimandtaxation of foreign income James Hinestax havens James Hinesuncertainty Peter P. Wakker uncertainty and general equilibrium Roy Radner &Majumdar uncovered interest parity Peter Isardunderconsumptionism Bleaney Michaelunemployment Topel Robertuneven development Harris Donald Junit roots Peter C B PhillipsUno, Kozo (1897–1977) T, Sekineurban economics Quigley John Muser fees Edwin S MillsUsher, Abbot Payson (1884–1965) William N, Parkerutility R D, Collinson Blackurban environment and quality of life Kahn Matthew Eurban growth Ioannides Yannis Murban production externalities Ciccone Antoniourban transportation economics Anas Alexurban housing demand Sinai Toddurban agglomeration Strange Williamunemployment insurance Anderson Patriciaurbanization Sukkoo Kimurban political economy Robert Helsleycrime and the city Yves ZenouUnited States, economics in (1885–1945) Bateman, BradleyUnited States, economics in (1776-1885) Meardon, Stephen J.underemployment equilibria P. Jean-Jacques Herings utilitarianism and economic theory Jonathan Rileyunemployment measurement Katharine Bradburyunforeseen contingencies Barton LipmanUnited States, economics in (1945 to present) Roger Backhousevalue judgements Harsanyi John Cvalue of life W. Kip Viscusivalue of time R GronauVeblen, Thorstein Bunde (1857–1929) Geoffrey M Hodgsonventure capital Josh LernerVerri, Pietro (1728–1797) Peter, Groenewegenvertical integration Michael RiordanViner, Jacob (1892–1970) Henry W, Spiegelvintages Dale W Jorgensonvon Neumann, John (1903–1957) Gerald L, Thompsonvalue-added tax Gilbert MetcalfVind, Karl (1933–2004) Keiding Hansschool choice and competition Hoxby Carolineextremal quantiles and value-at-risk VICTOR CHERNOZHUKOV AND SONGZI DUvector autoregressions Tao Zhavirtual economy Clifford Gaddyvarying coefficient models Andros Kourtellos

voting paradoxes Donald Saarivariance decomposition Helmut Lutkepohlvintage capital David de la CroixVickrey, William Spencer (1914–1996) Richard Arnottvalue elicitation Glenn HarrisonVeblen goods Curtis Eatonwage indexation Joshua AizemanWakefield, Edward Gibbon (1796–1862) Donald, WinchWald, Abraham (1902–1950) E R, WeintraubWalker, Francis Amasa (1840–1897) A W, CoatsWalras, Antoine Auguste (1801–1866) Donald A, WalkerWalras, Léon (1834–1910) Donald WalkerWalras's law Don, PatinkinWarburton, Clark (1896–1979) L, YeagerWarming, Jens (1873–1939) P, Norregaard Rasmussenwealth Robert L, HeilbronerWeber, Alfred (1868–1958) Martin, BeckmanWeber, Max (1864–1920) David, BeethamWeintraub, Sidney (1914–1983) J A, Kregelwelfare economics Allan M, Feldmanwelfare state Assar LindbeckWells, David Ames (1828–1898) Warren J, SamuelsWest, Edward (1782–1828) Mark, BlaugWheatley, John (1772–1830) Frank, Whitson FetterWhewell, William (1799–1866) G, CampanelliWicksell effects Edwin, BurmeisterWicksell, Johan Gustav Knut (1851–1926) C G, UhrWicksteed, Philip Henry (1844–1927) Ian, Steedmanwiener process A. G. (Tassos) MalliarisWiesner, Friedrich Freiherr, (Baron) von (1851–1926) E, StreisslerWitte, Edwin Emil (1887–1960) W, CohenWold, Herman O.A. (born 1908) E J, HannanWood, Stuart (1853–1914) George J, StiglerWorld Bank Albert Fishlow women's work and wages Blau Francine Dwelfare costs of business cycles Imrohoroglu, AyseCatchings, Waddill (1879–1967) Robert W. Dimandwavelets James B. Ramseywages fund Vintwage curve Andrew Oswald & David G. Blanchflowerwar and economics Goodwin, CraufurdWade, John (1788–1875) Daniele BesomiWashington consensus John WilliamsonX-efficiency Harvey, LeibensteinYntema, Theodore O. (1900–1985) Jacob L, MosakYoung, Allyn Abbott (1876–1929) Peter, NewmanYoung, Arthur (1741–1820) K, TribeZawadzki, Wladyslaw Marian (1885–1939) Stanislaw, SwianiewiczZeuthen, Frederik Ludvig Bang (1888–1959) Hans, Brems