DICTIONARY OFDICTIONARY OFTOPONYMS TOPONYMS IN SERBIAN IN SERBIAN

Gordana PavloviGordana Pavlovićć-La-Lažžetietićć11

Cvetana KrstevCvetana Krstev22

DuDušško Vitasko Vitas11

11Faculty of MathematicsFaculty of Mathematics22Faculty of PhilologyFaculty of Philology

University of BelgradeUniversity of BelgradeSerbiaSerbia

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

AIMSAIMSSOURCES & CONTENTSSOURCES & CONTENTSSTRUCTURE & FORMATSTRUCTURE & FORMATTAGSTAGSSPECIFICSSPECIFICSEXAMPLES: daily newspapers EXAMPLES: daily newspapers FURTHER DEVELOPMENTFURTHER DEVELOPMENT

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: AIMSAIMS

Daily newspaper analysis: IntexDaily newspaper analysis: Intex Web browsersWeb browsers Unknown words: proper names – personal Unknown words: proper names – personal

and toponymsand toponyms Prolintex: Maurel, PitonProlintex: Maurel, Piton Encyclopedic dictionary with morphological Encyclopedic dictionary with morphological

tags – Intex; experimentaltags – Intex; experimental Delas-top: toponyms, hydronyms, oronyms – Delas-top: toponyms, hydronyms, oronyms –

size ~2600; simple wordssize ~2600; simple words

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: SOURCESSOURCES

YU / foreign geographyYU / foreign geography Geographic atlas used in education in SerbiaGeographic atlas used in education in Serbia Official statistics register of inhabited places Official statistics register of inhabited places

in former Yugoslaviain former Yugoslavia– Belgrade, Serbia, Monte NegroBelgrade, Serbia, Monte Negro– Bosnia, Macedonia, Croatia, SloveniaBosnia, Macedonia, Croatia, Slovenia– South / Central / West / North EuropeSouth / Central / West / North Europe– Near East, Asia, AfricaNear East, Asia, Africa– North America (USA & Canada), South AmericaNorth America (USA & Canada), South America– Australia, Pacific islandsAustralia, Pacific islands– Arctic & Antarctic, seas & oceansArctic & Antarctic, seas & oceans– Earth, continents, cosmos, Sun systemEarth, continents, cosmos, Sun system

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: CHOICECHOICE

CountryCountry Official languagesOfficial languages Capital cityCapital city Administrative divisions of common Administrative divisions of common

importance (e.g., US states)importance (e.g., US states) Cities (more than 10000 / 50000 /100000 Cities (more than 10000 / 50000 /100000

inhabitants)inhabitants) Hydronyms (rivers, lakes, swamps; Hydronyms (rivers, lakes, swamps;

associated with mouth-country)associated with mouth-country) Mountains, volcanoes, etc, if of common Mountains, volcanoes, etc, if of common

importance (for, e.g., newspaper text)importance (for, e.g., newspaper text)

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: CONTENTSCONTENTS

Proper names Proper names Relational adjectives (Relational adjectives (-ski, -sxki, -cyki-ski, -sxki, -cyki)) Names of inhabitants, including pejoratives (if Names of inhabitants, including pejoratives (if

exist; e.g., sxexist; e.g., sxvaba,sxiptarvaba,sxiptar) ) Possessive adjectives (Possessive adjectives (-ov/-ev; -in-ov/-ev; -in)) Examples: Examples:  Pariz,N - pariski,A+RelPariz,N - pariski,A+Rel Parizxanin,Nm - Parizxaninov,A+PossParizxanin,Nm - Parizxaninov,A+Poss Parizxanka,Nf - Parizxankin,A+PossParizxanka,Nf - Parizxankin,A+Poss parizxanski,A+Rel parizxanski,A+Rel 

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: CONTENTSCONTENTS

YU-geography: local official namesYU-geography: local official namesForeign: exonyms (rarely official / traditional)Foreign: exonyms (rarely official / traditional)E.g., Becy, Rim, Solun, Bitolx, Skoplxe, PragE.g., Becy, Rim, Solun, Bitolx, Skoplxe, PragTranscription (adjusted): Cyrillic orthography Transcription (adjusted): Cyrillic orthography

(e.g., Bolonxa)(e.g., Bolonxa)Orthography transcription rulesOrthography transcription rulesPhonetic / adjusted to writing (e.g., Cykago, Phonetic / adjusted to writing (e.g., Cykago,

Cyikagou) / declination Cyikagou) / declination Tradition (spontaneous: e.g., Peking)Tradition (spontaneous: e.g., Peking)Latin: diacritic (Latin: diacritic (Be~Be~) / rarely transliteration) / rarely transliteration

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: STRUCTURE & FORMATSTRUCTURE & FORMAT

Delas-top entry: syntactic & Delas-top entry: syntactic & semantic attributes semantic attributes

Syntactic: flective classes for Syntactic: flective classes for simple words (Delas for Serbian)simple words (Delas for Serbian)

Generated a part of DELAF-top Generated a part of DELAF-top dictionary dictionary

Semantics: ProlintexSemantics: Prolintex

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: TAGS - codesTAGS - codes

DER (derivative): DER (derivative): Beogradxanka, .Nfs+Der(Beograd)Beogradxanka, .Nfs+Der(Beograd) Top (toponym, place):Top (toponym, place):Beograd, .Nms +TopBeograd, .Nms +Top Hyd – hydronym: Hyd – hydronym: dunavski,.A+Rel+Hyddunavski,.A+Rel+Hyd Oro – oronym: Oro – oronym: Gocy,.Nms+OroGocy,.Nms+Oro Hum- human beings: Hum- human beings: Valxevka,.Nfs+HumValxevka,.Nfs+Hum IsoXX – ISO-country-code for toponyms:IsoXX – ISO-country-code for toponyms:

Beograd,.Nms+Top+IsoYUBeograd,.Nms+Top+IsoYU LngXX – language code: LngXX – language code: grcyki, .A +LngELgrcyki, .A +LngEL PR – proper names: PR – proper names: Beograd,.Nms+Top+PRBeograd,.Nms+Top+PR PG – pejorative name: PG – pejorative name: Sxvabica,.Nfs+PGSxvabica,.Nfs+PG

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: TAGSDICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: TAGS PAut: Autonom. region: PAut: Autonom. region: Vojvodina,.Nfs+Top+PAut +IsoYUVojvodina,.Nfs+Top+PAut +IsoYU PCen: Regional center: PCen: Regional center: Nisx,.Nms+PCen Nisx,.Nms+PCen PDgr – City or place part: PDgr – City or place part: Autokomanda, .Nfs +PDgr Autokomanda, .Nfs +PDgr PDrz – Country: PDrz – Country: Francuska,.NAfs+PDrz Francuska,.NAfs+PDrz PGr1-PGr4, PGgr: PGr1-PGr4, PGgr: Sofija, .Nfs+Top+PGgr+PGr4+IsoBGSofija, .Nfs+Top+PGgr+PGr4+IsoBG POps – Township: POps – Township: Cyukarica,.Nfs+Top+POps+IsoYUCyukarica,.Nfs+Top+POps+IsoYU PKon – Continent: PKon – Continent: Evropa,.Nfs+PKon Evropa,.Nfs+PKon POst – Island:POst – Island: Elba,.Nfs+PR+Top+POst+IsoIT Elba,.Nfs+PR+Top+POst+IsoIT PPla – Mountain: PPla – Mountain: Rila,.Nfs+PR+Oro+PPla+IsoBGRila,.Nfs+PR+Oro+PPla+IsoBG PReg – Region: PReg – Region: Metohija,.Nfs+Top+PReg+IsoYUMetohija,.Nfs+Top+PReg+IsoYU PRgr – Reg. Cap. city: PRgr – Reg. Cap. city: Prisxtina,.Nfs+Top+PRgr+IsoYUPrisxtina,.Nfs+Top+PRgr+IsoYU

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: SPECIFICS: nounsSPECIFICS: nouns

Fem.: Top, Hyd, Oro, Hum (inhab.)Fem.: Top, Hyd, Oro, Hum (inhab.) SizeSize

– Total: 911Total: 911– YU: 146 (16%)YU: 146 (16%)– Foreign: 765Foreign: 765 (84%) (84%)

TypesTypes– Tops: 364 (40%)Tops: 364 (40%)– Hyds: 131 (14%)Hyds: 131 (14%)– Oros: 33 (4%)Oros: 33 (4%)– Fem. inhab.:383 (42%)Fem. inhab.:383 (42%)

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: SPECIFICS: nouns (cont.)SPECIFICS: nouns (cont.)

Inhabitants (fem.):Inhabitants (fem.): a) –ka, 361 (94%), same synt. cl., e.g., a) –ka, 361 (94%), same synt. cl., e.g.,

Beogradxanka, Bugarka, Beogradxanka, Bugarka, Parizxanka, KanadxankaParizxanka, Kanadxanka

b) –ca, 7 (2%), diff. synt. cl., e.g., b) –ca, 7 (2%), diff. synt. cl., e.g., Sxvabica, SremicaSxvabica, Sremica

c) –nxa, 15 (4%), same synt. cl., e.g., c) –nxa, 15 (4%), same synt. cl., e.g., Grkinxa, Polxakinxa, Turkinxa, Grkinxa, Polxakinxa, Turkinxa,

Francuskinxa, RenkinxaFrancuskinxa, Renkinxa

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: SPECIFICS: adjectivesSPECIFICS: adjectives

Possessive, relationalPossessive, relationalSizeSize

– Total: 1673 Total: 1673 – YU: 268 (16%)YU: 268 (16%)– Foreign:1405 (84%)Foreign:1405 (84%)

TypesTypes– Rel: 1002 (60%)Rel: 1002 (60%)– Poss: 671 (40%)Poss: 671 (40%)

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: SPECIFICS: adjectives (cont.)SPECIFICS: adjectives (cont.)

Relational: Relational: – -ski, -sxki, -cyki-ski, -sxki, -cyki– e.g., beogradski, prasxki, becykie.g., beogradski, prasxki, becyki– orthography: small l.orthography: small l.

Possessive:Possessive:– -in, e.g., Beogradxankin (f.), Becylijin(m.)-in, e.g., Beogradxankin (f.), Becylijin(m.)– -ov, -ev (m.), e.g., Beogradxaninov,-ov, -ev (m.), e.g., Beogradxaninov,

PrisxtincyevPrisxtincyev

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: SPECIFICS: homonymySPECIFICS: homonymy

Mostly nouns, same synt. cl., e.g., Mostly nouns, same synt. cl., e.g., Barselona, .Nfs+Barselona, .Nfs+TopTop+PGr2++PGr2+IsoVEIsoVE

Barselona, .Nfs+Barselona, .Nfs+TopTop+PGr4++PGr4+IsoESIsoESAlabama, .Nfs+Alabama, .Nfs+TopTop+PFed++PFed+IsoUSIsoUSAlabama, .Nfs+Alabama, .Nfs+HydHyd++IsoUSIsoUSDrenica, .Nfs+Drenica, .Nfs+TopTop+PReg++PReg+IsoYUIsoYUDrenica, .Nfs+Drenica, .Nfs+HydHyd++IsoYUIsoYU

Some adjectives, e.g., Some adjectives, e.g., kolumbijski, .A+Rel+Top+IsoUSkolumbijski, .A+Rel+Top+IsoUSkolumbijski, .A+Rel+Top+PDrz+IsoCOkolumbijski, .A+Rel+Top+PDrz+IsoCO

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: EXAMPLES: “Politika”EXAMPLES: “Politika”

Bilateral relationships in former YUBilateral relationships in former YUBilateral relationships in former YU + Bilateral relationships in former YU +

ALALOfficials in former YU + US + GBOfficials in former YU + US + GBOfficials + bilateral officialsOfficials + bilateral officials

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: EXAMPLES: “Politika”EXAMPLES: “Politika”

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: EXAMPLES: “Politika”EXAMPLES: “Politika”

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: EXAMPLES: “Politika”EXAMPLES: “Politika”

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: EXAMPLES: “Politika”EXAMPLES: “Politika”

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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: FURTHER DEVELOPMENTFURTHER DEVELOPMENT

Further development of DELAS-TOP (dictionary by Further development of DELAS-TOP (dictionary by continents)continents)

Description of compounds (DELAFC-top), e.g., Description of compounds (DELAFC-top), e.g., Novi SadNovi Sad

DB systemDB system Local grammars describing relationships between Local grammars describing relationships between

toponyms / grouping, e.g., Jugoslavija: ex-YU + toponyms / grouping, e.g., Jugoslavija: ex-YU + SRJ +SCG +... Balkan part (+ normalization - body)SRJ +SCG +... Balkan part (+ normalization - body)

Tags’ reduction (e.g., PGr1, PGr2, PGr3, PGr4, Tags’ reduction (e.g., PGr1, PGr2, PGr3, PGr4, PVgr, PGgr -> PGrad) – Prolintex2PVgr, PGgr -> PGrad) – Prolintex2

Information extractionInformation extraction