Dictionary Of Projection

8/14/2019 Dictionary Of Projection

1/29

DictionaryABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

1

1080i: 1080i is ATSC high definition 1920 x 1080 interlaced video format where a frame ofvideo is delivered in two fields. The first field contains the odd lines of the image, while thesecond field contains the even lines. Each field is updated every 1/60th of a second resulting in30 frames of video per second.Top1080p: 1080p is ATSC high definition 1920 x 1080 progressive scan video format where acomplete frame of video is delivered at either 60 or 24 frames per second.Top16:9: Aspect ratio of an HDTV signal which is 16 units by 9 units, whatever size those units maybe. In the film trade aspect ratios are described in relation to one, which means this aspect ratiois described as 16/9 or 1.78:1.Top

2

2:2 pull-down: Method for transferring 24 frame-per-second film to PAL/SECAM video runningat 25 frames per second.Top2:3 Pull-Down: 2:3 pull-down, commonly called 3:2 pull-down, converts film footage to NTSCvideo. Film footage is shot at 24 frames per second (FPS) and NTSC video is shot at 30 FPS. 3:2pull-down refers to the electronics needed to convert 24 FPS to 30 FPS so that it can be viewedon a NTSC video device. To accomplish this, 4 frames of film are converted to 5 frames of videoby inserting an extra field of film frame every other frame:

Video Frame 1 2 3 4 5

Video Field a B a b a b a b a b

Film Frame 1 2 3 4

Top3

3LCD: Common 3 color system for projecting images via LCD or liquid crystal display. Usesdichroic mirrors to separate the RGB components of white light coming from a projection lamp.Each color is feed to separate LCD panels which control the about of colored light that passesthrough. The light from each LCD is recombined using a dichroic prism before going out the lensand on to a screen.Top

4

480i: 480i is ATSC Standard Definition Television (SDTV) 720 x 480 or 640 x 480 interlacedvideo format where a frame of video is delivered in two fields. The first field contains the oddlines of the image and the second field contains the even lines. Each field is updated every1/60th of a second resulting in 30 frames of video per second.Top480p: 480p is ATSC Enhanced Definition Television (EDTV) 720 x 480 progressive scan videoformat where a complete frame of video is delivered at either 30 or 24 frames per second. 480palso refers to a display format comprised of 854 x 480 pixels, 16:9 widescreen.Top

7

720p: 720p is an ATSC high definition 1280 x 720 progressive scan video format where acomplete frame of video is delivered at either 60, 30 or 24 frames per second.Top

8

802.11a: An IEEE specification for wireless networking that operates in the 5 GHz frequencyrange (5.725 GHz to 5.850 GHz) with a maximum 54 Mbps data transfer rate. The 5 GHz
http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Ahttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Bhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Chttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Dhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Ehttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Fhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Ghttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Hhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Ihttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Jhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Khttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Lhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Mhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Nhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Ohttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Phttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Qhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Rhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Shttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Thttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Uhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Vhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Whttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Xhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Yhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Zhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Ahttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Bhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Chttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Dhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Ehttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Fhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Ghttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Hhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Ihttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Jhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Khttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Lhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Mhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Nhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Ohttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Phttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Qhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Rhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Shttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Thttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Uhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Vhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Whttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Xhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Yhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Zhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#top


2/29

frequency band is not as crowded as the 2.4 GHz frequency, because the 802.11a specificationoffers more radio channels than the 802.11b. These additional channels can help avoid radio andmicrowave interference.Top802.11b: International standard for wireless networking that operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency

range (2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz) and provides a throughput of up to 11 Mbps. This is a verycommonly used frequency. Microwave ovens, cordless phones, medical and scientific equipment,as well as Bluetooth devices, all work within the 2.4 GHz frequency band.Top802.11g: Like the earlier 802.11b standard, it operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency range (2.4GHz to 2.4835 GHz) but provides a throughput of up to 54 Mbps. Compatible with 802.11bdevices at the 802.11b data speeds. Many other devices operate in the 2.4 GHz range wherethere is greater risk of interference. This can affect data throughput adversely.Top8VSB: 8 level Vestigial Side Band. Amplitude Modulated (AM) broadcast system developed tocarry the MPEG 2 transport stream(s) of DTV at 19.2 Mbs. Uses the same 6MHz bandwidth as anormal channel does today but more efficiently.

TopA

a-Si: "Amorphous Silicon"TopAC-3: Adaptive transform Coder 3, the bitstream designation of Dolby Digital. A variable, lossyaudio compression method using perceptual coding to drop sound data you cannot hear. It canbe used to deliver from 1 to 5.1 tracks of audio along with metadata on how best to play back aparticular recording on a particular system. The '.1' track is a low frequency effects (LFE) tracklimited to 120 Hz. Metadata can offer control information on down-mixing, dynamic range andlevel normalization as well as informational data such as artist, copyright etc. The proper ATSCdesignation is presently A/52A. Encodes audio sampled at 32KHz, 44.1KHz and 48KHz into32Kbps to 640Kbps data streams. Compression varies with quality with an average of 12:1.

TopActive Matrix: A common type of LCD used in laptops, cameras, and LCD projection panelsthat were produced in the late 1980s to early 1990s. Another name for it is thin-film transistor(TFT). A typical active matrix TFT display is a single panel of LCD glass that controls all threeprimary colors. TFT displays are noted for their quick response time and their ability to displayfull motion video and animations without image ghosting.TopAES/EBU: Audio Engineering Society/European Broadcasting Union. Three pin XLR typeconnector used to send digital audio.TopAGC: Auto Gain Control. A feature typically for VCRs that adjust incoming video levels toreasonable levels. Video copy protection routines fool this component into thinking the incomingvideo is too 'hot' which therefore causes the video to be extremely dim, sometimes to the pointwhere you cant see anything.TopAmplitude Modulation: Amplitude Modulation (AM) is a method of transmitting informationusing varying signal levels on a non-varying carrier signal. The waveform of the informationbeing sent exists in the difference of signal level between the peak of the first carrier wave tothe peak of the next carrier wave and so on.TopAnalog Hole: A movie industry term for the potential to create high quality copies of copyprotected digital content by digitizing the analog output that is unprotected. Digital streams canbe copy protected using encryption whereas analog signals cannot.TopAnamorphic: A technique for changing aspect ratios by optically or digitally stretching or

compressing an image to or from a format with a different native aspect ratio. Movie studios
http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#top


3/29

used this technique to put the first widescreen movies on standard 35mm film and then used ananamorphic lens to recreate the image in the widescreen format in which it was originally shot.TopAnamorphic Lens: An anamorphic lens is a lens that has different optical magnification alongmutually perpendicular radii. This provides the ability to project a source image of one aspect

ratio, such as 4:3, into a different aspect ratio, such as 16:9, by using different magnificationsfor the horizontal and the vertical dimensions of the projected image.TopANSI: American National Standards Institute. A private organization that coordinates andadministers various voluntary consensus standards such as ANSI lumens. The first ANSIstandard was for pipe threading in 1919 when it was called the American Engineering StandardsCommittee.TopANSI Contrast: Contrast is the ratio between white and black. The larger the contrast ratio thegreater the ability of a projector to show subtle color details and tolerate extraneous room light.There are two methods used by the projection industry: 1) Full On/Offcontrast measures theratio of the light output of an all white image (full on) and the light output of an all black (full

off) image. 2)ANSIcontrast is measured with a pattern of 16 alternating black and whiterectangles. The average light output from the white rectangles is divided by the average lightoutput of the black rectangles to determine theANSI contrast ratio. When comparing thecontrast ratio of projectors make sure you are comparing the same type of contrast. Full On/Offcontrast will always be a larger number thanANSIcontrast for the same projector.TopANSI Lumens: ANSI lumens is a measurement of the overall brightness of a projector. Becausethe center of a projected image is brighter than the corners, ANSI lumens is the most accuraterepresentation of the image brightness. ANSI lumens are calculated by dividing a square meterimage into 9 equal rectangles, measuring the lux (or brightness) reading at the center of eachrectangle, and averaging these nine points.TopAperture: A device that controls amount of light admitted.TopAperture Correction: Compensation for the loss in sharpness of detail because of the finitedimensions of the image elements or the dot-pitch of the monitor.TopAperture Grill: A set of vertical wires to mask the electron guns in a CRT to ensure the beamshit their respective color phosphors. One or two horizontal stabilizing wires are used for spacing,which can be usually seen on the monitor. Monitors using this technique are usually flatter thantheir shadow mask counterparts. This technique was originally patented by Sony and marketedunder the Trinitron name, which has since expired.TopArtifacts: Stray pixels and other aberrations that dont belong in an image.Top

Aspect Ratio: The ratio of image width to image height. Standard television is 4:3 or 1.33:1.Panavision or Cinemascope is 2.35:1 with 1.85:1 being quite common as well. Widescreendisplays are 1.78:1 or 16:9.times the height. For example, if you want an image 40 inches highthen you need a screen that is at least 40 * 1.78 inches wide or 71 inches. Other relativelycommon aspect ratios are 3:2, 4:3 and 5:4.TopATA Rated Case: A case rated strong enough to be shipped by common carrier; freight lines,UPS, FedEx, etc. Most cases of this type are easily recognized by their metal reinforced cornersand handles. These cases are often referred to as 'Anvil cases'.TopATRC: Advanced Television Research Consortium. An industry group composed of RCA, SarnoffLabs, Philips and NBC, banded together in 1990 to develop digital HDTV technologies. Sarnoff

designed the transport layer for the presently used MPEG 2 bitstream, which is a way to reduceerrors, and Philips designed the HDTV decoders for the present ATSC standard.


4/29

TopATSC: Advanced Television Systems Committee. Formed in 1982, this international committeedevelops voluntary standards for terrestrial digital television. Countries adhering to its standardsinclude Canada, Argentina, Mexico, South Korea and the U.S.A. ATSC Digital TV Standardsinclude HDTV, SDTV, data broadcasting, multichannel surround audio, and interactive television.

TopAttenuate: To reduce. Turning the volume down on your television set is attenuating it.TopAuto Balance: A system for detecting errors in color balance in white and black areas of thepicture and automatically adjusting the white and black levels of both the red and blue signalsas needed for correction.TopAVI: Audio/Video Interleave. The file format for Video for Windows (VfW). Used in conjunctionwith a codec to play back video. Format dictates how video and audio are stored in relation toeach other but not the particular compression scheme used, which is handled by the codec.TopAzimuth: The direction to point a satellite dish when coupled with altitude. Due north has an

azimuth of 0 degrees and due east, 90 degrees and so on.Top

B

Balanced Input: Three conductor input with two signal conductors that are directly out ofphase with each other. This cancels each other out when they pick up electromagneticinterference along the path but doesnt affect the signal. The third conductor is ground.TopBanana Connector: A type of speaker wire plug with a expanded single shaft that looks like abanana. Inserts in 5-way binding posts and offers a large contact area, which helpsperformance.TopBandwidth: The number of cycles per second (Hertz) expressed as the difference between the

lower and upper limits of a frequency band; also, the width of a band of frequencies. Practicallyspeaking, bandwidth is the amount of data that can pass through a given connection per unit oftime.TopBarrel Distortion: Distortion where screen image expands outward towards edges of thescreen. Instead of being square, edges are curved outward like the edge of a barrel. Opposite ofpincushion.TopBetamax: Sonys competing home recording standard to VHS in the 1970s. It produced etterquality than VHS, but at a higher price.TopBezel: The frame or face of a device, such as, a projector grill, or CRT or LCD display frame.TopBinding Post: Type of amplifier or speaker connection.TopBlack Level: The darkest part of a picture. This can vary between display devices and viewingenvironments. NTSC black is set at 7.5 IRE, which is very slightly gray. The white level dividedby the black level gives a contrast ratio for a particular display device.TopBlanking: The period of time that an electron gun is turned off to reposition itself to paint thenext part of the video onto the CRT screen.TopBleeding: Video distortion where color bleeds from an object onto other parts of the imagewhich are not supposed to be that color.Top

Blooming: Video distortion where an overly bright screen object causes phosphors near it to
http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#top


5/29

excite therefore enlarging the object and softening its edges.TopBlue Laser: Color of the laser used with Blu-ray high definition DVDs. Blue laser light has ashorter wavelength than red, which is why blue lasers can retrieve and store more data in agiven physical area.

TopBNC: Bayonet Nut Connector or British Naval Connector. A high quality, locking cable plug whichis used extensively in professional video.TopBowing: Video distortion where lines which should be straight are curved. See barrel distortionand pincushioning.TopBrightness: Overall light output from an image. While a brightness control can make an imagebrighter, it is best used to better define the black level of the image.TopBrilliant ColorTM: Brilliant Color - a technology developed by Texas Instruments for its DLPprojectors that produces six channels of color including red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, and

yellow; thereby, allowing an increase in the color gamut.TopBroadcast Flag: A set of status bits or flags that are included with a television program thatdictates whether or not the program can be recorded. It may also indicate other restrictions onthe recorded content such as prohibiting the viewing of the content on an analog display.TopBurn-in: Image distortion where phosphors are discolored at a differing rates in a displaydevice such as a plasma, CRT or SED TV. Usually caused by displaying a static image forextended periods. Screensavers are used to prevent burn-in on CRTs and plasma displays use aperiodic dynamic single pixel shift of the image to avoid burn-in.Top

C

CableCARD

TM

: An alternative to a cable TV set-top box which allows the consumer to choosewhich type of set-top box they want as opposed to only the ones a particular cable companyoffers. Many display devices offer a direct connection for a CableCARD which is a PMCIA typecard that handles decryption. A new standard of CableCARD has been proposed which offersinteractive features such as pay-per-view and interactive program guides.TopCalibrate: To adjust with reference to a standard.TopCathode Ray Tube (CRT): Analog display device that generates an image on a layer ofphosphors that are driven by an electron gun.TopCATV: Community Antenna TeleVision or cable television. Method of delivering televisionbroadcasts via coaxial cable, which is less susceptible to interference that via antenna. CATVcable is another term for coaxial.TopCBR: Constant Bit Rate. Refers to an unchanging encoding rate for MPEG where quality getsdowngraded on compression demanding scenes such as ones with a high amount of movement.Variable bit rate (VBR) encoding keeps quality at a standard level and is considered moreefficient.TopCCD: Charged Coupled Device. Electronic sensors used in video cameras that convert lightenergy into electrical.TopCD-R: Compact Disc - Recordable. See CD.Top

CD-RW: Compact Disc Re-Writable. See CD.
http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#top


6/29

TopCEA: Consumer Electronics Association. An industry association of some 2000 electronicsmanufacturers. Produces the Consumer Electronics Show or CES.TopCEDIA: Custom Electronic Design and Installation Association. International industry association

for home electronics installation and design related businesses. It also certifies members withprofessional designations.TopCenter Channel: Center designated signal of a 5.1 audio system. Typically for home theater,the corresponding speaker should be as close as possible to the video image associated with thesound.TopChannel: A separate signal or signal path.TopChroma: (C) The color part of a video signal.TopChromatic Aberration: An optical defect of a lens which causes different colors or wavelengths

of light to be focused at different distances from the lens. It is seen as color fringes or halosalong edges and around every point in the image.TopChromaticity: The color quality of light that is defined by the wavelength (hue) and saturation.Chromaticity defines all the qualities of color except its brightness.TopChrominance: (C) Color portion of a video signal.TopChrominance-to-luminance delay: State where color signal lags behind the brightness signal,which shows as color smearing or bleeding at the edge of objects.TopClosed Caption: Closed caption (CC) superimposes a transcript of the audio portion of a videoprogram over the program image. Its primary use is to provide people that are deaf or hard ofhearing the opportunity to read a transcript of the audio as it is being played. Closed Caption isalso helpful for people learning to read or learning a foreign language. Closed Caption can alsobe used to display text unrelated to the program being viewed, such as weather or news.TopCoated Optics: A variety of materials put on high quality lenses to minimize the amount of lightreflected back to the lamp and the amount of ambient light that mingles with the focused lightleaving the lens. Generally good coatings can add 15% or more to the lenses brightness. Othercoatings are used for filtering colors.TopCoaxial: An audio or video cable with a single internal wire with an outer shield that is ground.In audio, a speaker type where one speaker is positioned within another larger speakers cone.Top

Codec: Stands for COmpression/DECompression. Generic term for an algorithm for compressingand decompressing data, audio, or video files. Lossless codecs such as LZW are used for datafiles where every bit must be preserved, while lossy codecs such as MPEG and WMA are used forvideo and audio files where losing information is tolerable.TopCOFDM: Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing. An HDTV broadcast methodadopted predominantly in Europe as opposed to 8VSB being adopted in the U.S.A. Sends adigital signal over a thousand or so carrier signals from multiple antennas. Resistant tomultipath where the same signal gets reflected off objects to create ghosting or faint duplicatesignals arriving later.TopColor Analyzer: A device for measuring the color accuracy of a display device relative to the

standard of D65 or 6500 degrees Kelvin.Top
http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#top


7/29

Color Bars: Calibration pattern used to adjust the brightness, saturation and hue of videodisplays.TopColor Break-up: Image anomaly which looks like a rainbow at the edge of bright objects onscreen. Also called rainbow effect where sequential color systems, such as single chip DLP

projectors or some LCoS RPTVs, update color information at different locations on the screenbecause of quick movement of screen objects or a viewers gaze. For instance, the redcomponent of a white object will show at a different location on the screen than blue when anobject moves quickly across because color is being displayed sequentially. This also occurs withquick relative movement such as moving your gaze from point to point across the screen. Mostnoticeable in bright objects.TopColor Decoder: Circuit in a display device that separates the color part of the signal from theluminance. Can effect picture quality if set by manufacturer to compensate for higher colortemperature of overdriven displays or other color variations.TopColor Dynamics: The whitest whites, reddest reds, bluest blues and greenest greens. High

color dynamics are a result of dynamic range/contrast ratios. Having excellent color dynamicsimplies rich colors, excellent definition, high contrast.TopColor Saturation: Measure of color purity. Highly saturated colors emit a very narrow band ofwavelengths of light instead of the broader spectrum of frequencies emitted from mixed colors.A display with good saturation capability will look vibrant.TopColor Temperature: Color balance of white light which goes from red to blue as thetemperature rises. Measured in degrees Kelvin, which starts at absolute 0 or 273 degreesCelsius, color temperature matches the reference standard of the light being emitted from acarbon block heated to the stated degrees. For instance, the early morning sun is around2500K, which is the same warm light that a carbon block heated to 2227 Celsius would emit.Heating the block further to ~10000 Celsius would emit the same bluish light of a blue-skymid-day sun. Common color temperatures are 5500 Kelvin (black and white movies) and 6500Kelvin (standard color films).TopColor Wheel: Rotating wheel with 3 or more translucent color filters used to display sequentialcolor on single imager light valve based projection devices. The imager reflects or transmits thecolor component of a given image when the wheels corresponding color filter is affecting thelight passing through to the lens. A 1X wheel cycles through all colors in 1/60th of a second.TopComb Filter: Reduces interference between color and luminance signals carried in compositevideo. Better than a notch filter and in order from worst to best quality, 2-line, 3-line and 3D.TopCombing: A motion artifact caused by interlace where an object has moved appreciably within a

frame and its new position is displayed in a different position in one field over the other. Lookslike the teeth of a comb.TopComponent Video: Component Video is a method of delivering quality video (RGB) in a formatthat contains all the components of the original image. These components are referred to asluma and chroma and are defined as Y'Pb'Pr' for analog component and Y'Cb'Cr' for digitalcomponent. . It is comprised of luminance (Y) and two chrominance channels of blue minusluminance and red minus luminance.TopComposite Video Signal: Single signal version of video where both chroma and luma arecarried with chroma on a 3.58MHz sideband of the luminance signal, usually through a 75 Ohmcable. Poorest quality signal type.

TopCompressed Resolution: Most projectors and displays automatically accept images that are of


8/29

greater resolution than the native (true) resolution of the video device. The resulting image isscaled to fit the native resolution of the video device using a variety of scaling algorithms. Notall video devices use the same compression algorithms; therefore, the quality of compressioncan vary. The nature of compression in a digital device means that some image content is lost.Top

Contrast: Contrast increases as the white point increases. Increasing the white point creates agreater difference between white and black.TopContrast Ratio: The ratio between white and black. The larger the contrast ratio the greaterthe ability of a video device to show subtle color details and tolerate ambient room light. Thereare two industry methods used: 1) Full On/Offcontrast measures the ratio of the light outputof an all white image (full on) and the light output of an all black (full off) image. 2)ANSIcontrast is measured with a pattern of 16 alternating black and white rectangles. The averagelight output from the white rectangles is divided by the average light output of the blackrectangles to determine theANSI contrast ratio. When comparing the contrast ratio of videodevices make sure you are comparing the same type of contrast. Full On/Offcontrast will alwaysbe a larger number thanANSIcontrast for the same video device.

TopConvergence: An issue for CRT displays, projectors, and RPTVs. Convergence is the alignmentof the component colors of a display where the respective electron beams or pixels must sit atthe precisely correct position for the proper color to be rendered.TopConvergence Error: Colors of a color component display such as a CRT or projector do not lineup correctly to create a proper image and create color halos or incorrect color.TopCrosstalk: Interference of an electrical signal by another electrical signal in close proximitycaused by its electromagnetism.TopCRT: Cathode Ray Tube.Top

D

D-ILA: Direct Drive Image Light Amplifier. Proprietary JVC version of LCoS light valvetechnology.TopD-VHS: Digital tape standard with backward compatibility to SVHS and VHS. First deviceoffering HDTV recording and playback at up to 28Mbs data rates. D-Theater capable D-VHSVCRs are capable of playing back copy protected pre-recorded HD movies.TopDAC: Digital to Analog Converter. Electronic component that converts a digital signal to ananalog.TopdB: dB or decibel is a measure of relative loudness. 0 dB is the threshold of hearing. 60 dB isequivalent to normal conversation. 120 to 140 dB is the threshold of pain such as a jackhammeror gun shot. 10 db of change will double the loudness.TopDBS: Direct Broadcast Satellite. Also called Direct To Home, a small dish digital broadcastsystem that gets sent via satellite between 12GHz and 18GHz frequencies. Subject toattenuation by rain.TopDCDi: Directional Correlation Deinterlacing (DCDi)was developed by Faroudja and is a videoalgorithm designed to eliminate jagged edges that are generated by interlaced video.TopDeflection Yoke: Electric coil used to deflect the electron beams in a CRT display.Top

Degauss: Method to get rid of magnetic fields that build up in CRT monitors and distort the
http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#top


9/29

video signal causing discoloration.TopDeinterlacer: Electronic component that converts an interlace video signal to progressive scan.TopDeinterlacing: Act of converting an interlace video signal to progressive scan.

TopDelay: Commonly used in sound engineering where a sound is played back later at differentspeakers in order to maintain directionality of original sound. Uses the psychoacousticalphenomenon of precedence effect where a sound is first heard is where it is perceived to comefrom even when coming from multiple places.TopDFP: An all-digital monitor connection using TDMS designed by the Digital Flat Panel Group.Limited to 1280x1024 resolution and a cable length of 10 meters. Uses an MDR20 connector.TopDiagonal: The diagonal of a screen or flat panel can be computed by using the Pythagoreantheorem: squaring the width, squaring the height, adding them together and taking the squareroot. A 100" diagonal 16:9 screen measures 49" high by 87" wide; a 100" diagonal 4:3 screen

measures 60" high by 80" wide. Use the Projection Calculator to get screen dimensions on allcommon aspect ratios.TopDichroic: A mirror or lens that reflects or refracts selective wavelengths of light. Typically usedin projector light engines to separate the lamps "white" light into red, green, and blue light.TopDigital Cliff: Description of how a digital signal deteriorates with interference and attenuation.Either the signal is completely functional or not at all with no slight quality degradation thatexists with analog.TopDigital Closed Caption: Digital closed caption is available on digital TV programs at theelection of the service provider. Unlike the Closed Caption sytem, Digital Closed Caption allowsthe setting of the size, color, style and opacity of captioned text. When Digital Closed Caption isin use, it will be indicated by the appearance of a 3-letter abbreviation that indentifies thelanguage of the displayed text.TopDirect-View Television: Display device where the imager is viewed directly as opposed to aprojection surface.TopDiscrete: As it relates to surround sound systems, discrete sound is a separate recorded trackfor each channel. Other systems may amalgamate tracks into one and then separate them outelectronically.TopDistortion: A usually undesirable variation from an intended output caused by thecharacteristics of a particular device.

TopDistribution Amplifier: An amplifier used to maintain a clean noise free signal to a projector orflat panel device over significant distances. Even with good heavily shielded cables, range ofvideo and computer signals is limited to a few dozen feet before noticeable degradation. Inceiling mount situations, where the wiring may pass along side or across electrical conduits, adistribution amp may be needed with shorter distances. Many distribution amps can also splitthe signal into 2 or more amplified signals for driving multiple projectors or flat panels.TopDithering: Method of displaying intermediate colors that dont exist in a limited palette by usinga pattern of small dots out of that palette.TopDivX: Video format based on the MPEG 4 standard. Commonly used for downloadable video

files.Top
http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/projection-calculator-pro.cfmhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/projection-calculator-pro.cfmhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#top


10/29

DLP: DLP (Digital Light Processing) is a commercial name for a display technology from TexasInstruments (TI). The technology inside is often referred to as DMD (Digital Micro-Mirrors). Itconsists of an array of mirrors where each mirror represents a pixel element. For example, ahigh-definition DLP projector or rear projector with 1920 x 1080 pixel resolution would haveover 2 million tiny mirrors. Each mirror is attached to an electronically driven hinge that controls

the amount of colored light that is reflected from the mirror into the projection lens and onto ascreen. Projection systems using DLP technology use 1 to 3 DMD devices.TopDMD: Digital Micromirror Device. Name of the actual imaging chip used in a Texas InstrumentsDLP projection systems.TopDNR: Digital Noise Reduction. A system that reduces picture noise by comparing previousframes to the present and smoothing out what appears to be noise to the algorithm. Helpsreduce flickering in still parts of a video image.TopDolby Digital: A lossy compression system to deliver sound on DVDs, ATSC and DBSbroadcasts in up to 5.1 channels. Also called AC-3. See AC-3.

TopDolby EX: Backwards compatible system to add a sixth channel used for the middle rearplayback to Dolby Digital (AC-3) making it 6.1 or 7.1 sound. 7.1 sound uses an additional centerrear speaker playing back a duplicate track. Needs a Dolby EX decoder. See AC-3.TopDolby Pro Logic: An analog 4 channel surround sound system with left, right, center channelsand a mono rear channel, typically duplicated across 2 speakers. Rear channel is limited to 7KHzand system stores all channels in a matrix recording on 2 discrete analog channels. Hasdifficulty playing back non-encoded material at full fidelity.TopDolby Pro Logic II: Updated version of Pro Logic. Offers better performance with playing backnon-encoded sources over a surround sound system with full spatial cues and fidelity.TopDot Crawl: Video artifact where little dots crawl along the borders of differing colors,particularly noticeable on graphics. Effect of composite encoding and easily removed by using s-video or component cabling. Will not disappear if the source was recorded using composite videoand the artifact has been recorded.TopDot Pitch: The distance between side-by-side phosphor color groups (RGB) on a direct viewdisplay that uses phosphors. The smaller the better.TopDownconvert: To convert a higher resolution signal to a lower resolution. For example, 720p to480p.TopDropout: Missing information from a broadcast or recorded media and typically show up as

white specks in an analog environment. Dropout is more pronounced with interframecompression techniques such as MPEG because the error displays until the next complete frameis drawn, otherwise known as an I-frame. This can take up to a second.TopDSP: Digital Signal Processing. A digital method of manipulating incoming and outgoing signalson an ongoing basis. Often used in audio to create reverb among other effects.TopDSS: Digital Satellite System and now called DBS. A system for sending and receiving digitalsatellite broadcast signals using small receiver dishes.TopDTCP: Digital Transport Copy Protection. A digital rights management technology standardissued by the DTLA (Digital Transmission Licensing Administrator) to prevent the unauthorized

copying of copyright material.Top
http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#top


11/29

DTLA: Digital Transmission Licensing Administrator. Controls the licensing of the DTCP copy-protection technology.TopDTS: Digital Theater Systems. An alternate method of encoding multitrack audio used on DVDsand other sources like D-VHS. Offers less compression compared to Dolbys more common AC3

system and, arguably, better fidelity.TopDTS 96/24: Digital Theater Systems. A version of DTS that plays back a 96kHz sampling rate,24-bit resolution recording at full fidelity.TopDTS ES: Digital Theater Systems Extended Surround. Backward compatible system to DTS witha center rear channel added.TopDTS Neo:6: Sound process that separates stereo audio into 5 or 6 channels. Also decodes ProLogic encoded analog sources. It offers two modes, music and cinema. Music mode allows theleft and right channels of a stereo signal to pass through without processing, retaining fidelity,but still adds signals for the remaining speakers. This gives up some imaging for fidelity.

TopDTV: Digital Television. A system that uses digital signals instead of analog including the ATSCstandards, DBS and digital cable.TopDVD: Digital Versatile Disc. Same physical size as a compact disc but has a capacity to hold aminimum of 4.7GB of data, 9.4GB if dual layer and/or dual sided. DVD-Video discs can holdabout 4 hours of video on a dual layer disc depending upon the amount of compression applied.It uses MPEG-2 compression at a maximum rate of 9.2 Mbps with most video compressed atabout 4Mbps at 720x480 pixels. All players support AC-3 (Dolby Digital), PCM, and MPEG-2audio with up to 8 separate tracks. DTS is usually supported but isnt mandatory to the format.DVD-Audio supports up to 6 channels of 24 bit, 192KHz sampled PCM audio.TopDVD+R: Digital Versatile Disc + Recordable. A write-once recordable DVD format with 4.7GBcapacity supported by the DVD+RW Alliance. More robust that DVD-R.TopDVD+RW: Digital Versatile Disc + Read Write. A rewriteable DVD format with 4.7GB capacitysupported by the DVD+RW Alliance. Can be rewritten up to 1000 times.TopDVD-A: Digital Versatile Disc-Audio. Allows for very high quality audio with up to 6 channels.Sample rates can be up to 192KHz at 24 bits of resolution. It allows for video as well asasynchronous slide shows of up to 99 still pictures per track. MLP (Meridian Lossless Packing) issupported as a lossless compression alternative to PCM.TopDVD-R: Digital Versatile Disc - Recordable. A recordable write-once DVD format with 4.7GBcapacity supported by the DVD Forum. Not as robust as DVD+R.

TopDVD-RAM: Digital Versatile Disc Random Access Memory. More robust as a rewritable formatfor computers than DVDRW, it is housed in a cartridge and is incompatible with DVD-ROMdrives and video players. Can be rewritten up to 100,000 times.TopDVD-RW: Digital Versatile Disc - Read Write. A rewriteable DVD format with 4.7GB capacitysupported by the DVD Forum. Can be rewritten up to 1000 times.TopDVI: Digital Visual Interface. DVI is a standard that defines the digital interface between digitaldevices such as projectors, flatscreens and personal computers. For devices that support DVI, adigital-to-digital connection can be made that eliminates the conversion to analog and therebydelivers an unblemished image.

It can also carry an analog signal and comes as DVI-I (integrated - analog and digital), DVI-D(digital only) and DVI-A (analog only). Dual link DVI connections add additional resolution
http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#top


12/29

capabilities. Digital cable lengths should not exceed 15 feet. Specifications on DVI are availableat www.ddwg.org. Click for more details on DVI.TopDVR: Digital Video Recorder. Also known as a PVR or Personal Video Recorder. A hard disk basedvideo recorder, which usually offers long recording times and the capability to pause incoming

broadcasts. When the unit has access to electronic programming guides, it can record shows onan ongoing basis as well as do keyword and genre searches.TopDynamic Range: The ratio between the highest and lowest levels a device can perform. For avideo device it is a measure of contrast ratio. For an audio device it is usually stated in dB.Top

E

EBU European Broadcasting Union: A Geneva based organization of private and publicEuropean broadcasters. Started in 1950, it assists members with broadcast rights and doestechnical development of broadcast standards.TopEdge Enhancement: A technique used to increase apparent resolution by increasing contrast

around object edges. Usually counterproductive with already high-resolution sources and canbecome a source of image distortion.TopEDTV: Extended Definition TeleVision. EDTV is a class of digital television (DTV) that refers tothe 480p format. 480p is a progressive scan video format that produces a full frame of 480 linesof video.TopElectron Gun: A device used in a CRT to shoot electrons at screen phosphors, which then exciteand light up creating an image. There are three guns in a color CRT, one for each primary color(RGB), and one in a black and white.TopElectronic Whiteboard: Looks like a regular conference-room whiteboard except that it

captures notes and drawings made on it electronically that can be sent remotely forteleconferencing or stored digitally for future reference.TopEMI: Electro-Magnetic Interference.Top

F

False Contouring: Also known as solarization or posterization. False contouring occurs whencolor shows as distinct contours or edges where there shouldnt be any. This occurs when colorsthat should flow naturally between shades or brightnesses do so discretely in clearly definedbands. The visual effect is the look of a topographical map instead of a video image.TopFCC: Federal Communications Commission. U.S. government agency responsible to Congress

that regulates interstate and international communications via radio, television, wire, satelliteand cable. Commenced operations in 1934.TopFeedback: Feedback occurs when the output of a device returns as the input of the samedevice. A microphone recording the sound from a speaker which is playing back the samemicrophone as a source is an instance where this can occur. Signals get replicated multiple timesand if they are amplified, the amplification gets repeated as well. This is how room noise turnsinto a loud screech if microphones arent placed properly; however, this can occur to anyelectrical signal.TopFiber Optic Cable: Sends signals as light pulses instead of electrical energy. Made of glass orplastic, these cables are not susceptible to electromagnetic interference.TopField: One half of a video frame consisting of either all of the even-numbered scan lines or all of
http://windowpopper%28%27hint_popup.cfm/?hint_ident=dvi%27,400,500)http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://windowpopper%28%27hint_popup.cfm/?hint_ident=dvi%27,400,500)http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#top


13/29

the odd-numbered scan lines in a frame.TopFill Rate: Given as a percentage, this characteristic indicates how smooth an image will lookviewing a particular display. An imaging system with a low fill rate will exhibit a screen doorpattern in its images.

TopFireWire: High speed serial bus with a speed up to 400Mbps. See IEEE 1394.TopFixed-Pixel Display: Any device that has a 'native' pixel resolution. CRTs are the only non-fixed-pixel displays where resolution is determined by bandwidth.TopFlat Response: A state where no frequency of an electronic device is emphasized over anotherwhen output. In audio, a device with a flat response is able to transmit all frequencies fully, withequal capability. No device can actually do this perfectly.TopFM: Frequency Modulation. Method for sending information by adding the frequencies of theinformation to be sent to a carrier versus modulating a carriers wave amplitude. The carrier is

filtered out.TopFM Based Remote: A remote control that broadcasts its instructions with an FM transmitter,normally required in large rooms and no line of site requirement.TopFocal Length: The distance from the surface of a lens to its focal point.TopFoot-Lambert (fL): Measurement of luminance (brightness) emitted from a surface. One foot-Lambert is equal to one lumen per square foot. The metric equivalent of one foot-Lambert is3.426259 nits or cd/m2. The SMPTE standard for theater cinema is 16 fL.TopForm Factor: A general description of a projector or flat panel's size and shape. For example, alight projector with a small case can be said to have a small form factor, and would be good formobile presentation. Similarly, a flat panel that is slim and wall mountable would be consideredto have a small form factor.TopFPS: Frames Per Second.TopFrame: A frame is one complete video image. When all lines of the video image are deliveredsequentially, it is called progressive video. When the odd lines and even lines are delivered asseparate fields, it is called interlace video.TopFrequency Response: Measures the frequencies a component is capable of reproducing andhow well it does it. Usually stated as a set of frequencies with a variance measured in decibels(dB). The ideal is to have no variance or flat response, along with a wide range of frequencies.

TopFront Projection: A system where the projector sits in front of the screen with the imagegetting reflected back to the audience.TopFront Room Projector: A projector that sits close to the screen and is capable of throwing alarge image.TopFull On/Off Contrast: Contrast is the ratio between white and black. The larger the contrastratio the greater the ability of a projector or flat panel to show subtle color details and tolerateextraneous room light. There are two methods used: 1) Full On/Offcontrast measures theratio of the light output of an all white image (full on) and the light output of an all black (fulloff) image. 2)ANSIcontrast is measured with a pattern of 16 alternating black and white

rectangles. The average light output from the white rectangles is divided by the average lightoutput of the black rectangles to determine theANSI contrast ratio. When comparing contrast
http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#top


14/29

ratio, make sure you are comparing the same type of contrast. Full On/Offcontrast will alwaysbe a larger number thanANSIcontrast for a given product.Top

G

Gamma: Relationship between input video voltage and output brightness. Determines how mid-

tones appear as eye sensitivity is non-linear and display devices use different methods toaccount for this as well as their own display characteristics.TopGamma Correction: Adjustment to gamma or how gray levels between black and white aredisplayed as the eye is sensitive to these in a logarithmic manner. For example, good gammacorrection allows subtle shadow detail in a dark image to be easily perceived.TopGauge: Wire thickness measure. The lower the gauge, the larger the wire.TopGeometry: Characteristic of a display to accurately show an image without distorting it. When adisplays geometry is good, it represents square objects as a square, etc. See pincushioning andbarrel distortion.

TopGhosting: A faint duplicate image, usually offset from primary image. Can be caused bymultipath, which is a delayed, attenuated duplicate signal bounced off an object to an antennaor other interference.TopGray Scale: A table of shading devoid of color, progressing from black to white. The number ofdiscernible gray levels defines the color resolution of the display device and is used to evaluatecolor acuity and contrast.Top

H

Hanging Dots: Artifact of composite video where stationary dots exist where two colors meet.Caused by interference between main video signal and color carrier. See dot crawl.

TopHD-DVD: High-Definition Digital Versatile Disc. Two formats have been proposed for these high-capacity DVDs, including Blu-ray and the generically named HD-DVD. Blu-ray is backed by Sonyand Panasonic among others through the Blu-ray Disc Association and HD-DVD is backed byNEC and Toshiba through the DVD Forum. Blu-ray uses a higher resolution blue laser allowingfor more disk capacity than HD-DVD, 25GB compared 15GB per layer. At present Blu-ray is moreexpensive and cannot be replicated on existing manufacturing lines.TopHDCD: High Definition Compatible Digital commonly known as High Definition Compact Disc.Codec for traditional audio CDs with audio resolution of 20 bits for more accurate replication ofthe original sound.Top

HDCP: HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection) is a method for protecting copyrighteddigital content that uses the DVI (Digital Visual Interface) or HDMI (High-Definition MultimediaInterface, previously known as DVI-CE) by encrypting its transmission between the video sourcesuch as a set-top box, DVD player, or computer and the digital display device such as aprojector, monitor or television. To view digital HDCP protected content, both the sending andreceiving device must support HDCP.TopHDMI: HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) is an uncompressed, all-digital audio/videointerface that supports audio/video sources such as a set-top box, DVD player, A/V receiver, andvideo monitors such as a digital projector or digital television (DTV). HDMI is backwardcompatiable with DVI 1.0 specification and supports HDCP.

HDMI supports standard, enhanced, or high-definition video, plus multi-channel digital audio,and interactive controls on a single cable. It transmits all ATSC (Advanced Television Systems


15/29

Committe) HDTV standards and supports 8-channel digital audio. First product releases usingHDMI occurred in 2003.TopHDTV: High-Definition Television. Generic term that indicates a higher resolution format thanprevious standards. At present, denotes anything higher than a 480p signal. Most common

formats are 720p, 1080i and 1080p.TopHDTV capable: A television that supports 720p or 1080i or higher resolutions and has a built-inHDTV tuner for off-air reception of HD signals from a special antenna. To view cable and satelliteHDTV programming, a cable set-top-box or satellite receiver is required.TopHDTV ready: A television that supports 720p or 1080i or higher resolutions and does not havea built-in HDTV tuner for off-air reception of HD signals from a special antenna. To view cableand satellite HDTV programming, a cable set-top-box or satellite receiver is required.TopHigh Gain Screen: A screen that uses one of many methods to collect light and reflect it backto the audience, which dramatically increases the brightness of the image over a white wall or

semi-matte screen. Technologies used include curved screens, special metal foil screens (somepolarized), and certain glass bead screens. High gain screens achieve higher brightness bydirecting more of the reflected light towards the center of the screen.TopHorizontal Resolution: Amount of pixels across an image, from left to right. A 1920 x 1080HDTV has a horizontal resolution of 1920 pixels.TopHorizontal Scan Rate: Period of time it takes to refresh an image on a screen, usuallymeasured in Hertz (cycles per second). Computer monitors typically have scan rates starting at60Hz going to 85Hz.TopHTPS: High Temperature Poly-Silicon. An active matrix transmissive LCD technology used in3LCD projectors.TopHue: Hue or tint is the parameter of color that allows us to distinguish between colors.TopHz: Hertz. Also called cycles per second and in video displays is the rate at which an image isrefreshed.Top

I

ID1 detection: Detection of widescreen signalling (WSS) from a broadcaster. Allowsbroadcaster to configure television to proper aspect ratio.TopIDTV: Improved Definition TeleVision. Television transmitters and receivers that (a) are built tosatisfy performance requirements over and above those required by the NTSC standard and (b)remain within the general parameters of NTSC standard emissions. Note 1: IDTV improvementsmay be made at the TV transmitter or the receiver. Note 2: Examples of improvements includeenhancements in encoding, digital filtering, scan interpolation, interlaced line scanning, andghost cancellation. Note 3: IDTV allows the TV signal to be transmitted and received in thestandard 4:3 aspect ratio. Synonym enhanced-quality television.TopIEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. An international, non-profit, technicalorganization based in the U.S. that develops standards.TopIEEE 1394: Also called FireWire or iLink. A serial bus which can address up to 63 devices,communicating at up to 400Mbps but is limited to a cable length of 4.5 meters. Its content copyprotection scheme is called DTCP or 5C. Most DV camcorders have a IEEE 1394 port as well as

D-VHS VCRs and some set-top boxes for cable and satellite.
http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#top


16/29


17/29

TopJitter: Abrupt variations in signal amplitude or timing that cause reproduction instability inaudio, video and data. Usually caused by bandwidth limitations or impedance termination issuesthat can sometimes be caused by the cable and/or connections you are using. Power suppliescan also be a source of this problem.

TopJPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group. Name of association that created the image filestandard of the same name. A lossy compression scheme for storing high quality, full-colorimages. Also used as a video format under the guise M-JPEG of which a variant is used for DVvideo.TopJudder: Apparent stutter of on-screen movement. Commonly caused by 3:2 pulldown wheremovie frames are on screen for differing times due to frame rate translations. Also occurs onPAL to NTSC conversions. Solved by 3:3 pulldown.Top

K

Kelvin: A temperature measurement scale where 0 Kelvin (0K) is equal to absolute zero, the

temperature at which all molecular movement ceases. One degree of Kelvin is equal to 1 degreeof Celsius. The color temperature of large image devices is measured in Kelvin. The higher thetemperature, the bluer the light.TopKeystone: Keystoning occurs when the projector is not perpendicular to the screen, therebycreating an image that is not rectangular.TopKeystone Correction: Keystone correction makes a projected image rectangular. This can beaccomplished by positioning the projector to be perpendicular to the screen. Since this is notalways possible, most projectors are equipped with keystone correction that allows the image tobe keystone corrected (made rectangular) by adjusting optics, making mechanical adjustments,or applying digital scaling to the image. Keystone correction can be one or two dimensional and

manual or automatic depending on the projector and the manufacturer. Be aware that digitalscaling will introduce some artifacts that are more evident when viewing small text and lessevident in presentation type material or video.Top

L

Latency: The time between a device being requested to do something and the start of thedevice actually doing it. Its a measurement usually used for LCDs where the shorter the latencythe better. NSTC requires a latency of no more than 16ms in order to update the screen in timewithout leaving a ghost of the previous image.TopLCD: Liquid Crystal Display. A display device for generating color images using a matrix of LCDpixel elements. Each pixel element consists of 3 sub-pixels and an RGB color filter of red (R),

green (G), and blue (B). By controlling the voltage to each sub-pixel of an LCD, each cluster ofRGB pixels can create a full spectrum of colored light. LCDs are used in flatscreen displays,cameras and notebook computers to name a few.Nearly every projector made with LCD technology uses 3 separate LCDs, one each for red, greenand blue. Light from the projector lamp is separated into RGB with a set of dichroic mirrors. Thethree light beams (RGB) are passed through separate LCDs and recombined to project a colorimage.TopLCoS: Liquid Crystal on Silicon. Type of LCD panel that reflects light as opposed to blocking it.Usually offers a comparatively high fill rate creating a smooth image but generally has difficultygiving a high contrast ratio.TopLED: Light Emitting Diode. A light generating technology that uses a semiconductor diode thatemits monochromatic (single color) light when charged. LEDs are used in remote controls that
http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#top


18/29

are used to control electronic devices such as large displays. They are also used in pocketprojectors as a light source, large outdoor electonic displays, and as indicators on electoronicdevices such as power supplies and cameras.TopLens Shift: The purpose of "lens shift" is to eliminate keystone correction and provide greater

flexibility in the placement of the projector relative to the screen. This is accomplished byallowing the optical lens to be physically shifted up and down (vertical) and/or left and right(horizontal).Horizontal lens shift will typically allow the projector to be placed anywhere between right andleft edge of the projection screen. Vertical lens shift will typically allow the projector to be placedanywhere between 1.5 screen heights above and below the center of the image. Generally youcannot use the full range of both horizontal and vertical lens shift at the same time. See theUser's Manual for range limitations.Lens shift may be a manual adjustment or motorized. If the projector is installed in a fixedposition, motorized lens shift offers no particular benefit.Lens shift is also used to geometrically align images when stacking projectors.Top

Letterbox: A method of preserving the originally aspect ratio of a production when presentedon a projector with a different aspect ratio. This is accomplished by showing the full image andblack where no image exists.TopLFE: Low Frequency Effects. The .1 channel in 5.1, 6.1 or 7.1 sound. Used for effects and islimited to 120 Hz.TopLight Valve Projector: A projector that uses an imaging system that either blocks or reflectslight such as LCD, LCoS or DLP.TopLine Doubler: Component device that duplicates scan lines to create a full frame from a fieldand then updates the screen completely every 60th of a second. Reduces flicker and theappearance of scan lines making an image look smoother.TopLine-Level: A low-voltage pre-amplified signal usually between .3 and 5 volts.TopLinearity: A displays ability to show an images geometric characteristics accurately. Also calledgeometric linearity.TopLNB: Low-Noise Block converter. The LNB sits at the end of a pole facing the dish of a satellitedish assembly. It converts the incoming signal to a lower set of frequencies to make them easierto send over a wire without distortion. The lower the rated degrees of an LNB, the cleaner thepicture will be.TopLong Throw Lens: A long throw lens allows greater distance between the projector and the

screen while being able to maintain the image size and brightness of a shorter throw lens forany given projector. Depending on the room, a long throw lens may be required due tomounting constraints nearer the projected image.TopLow Pass: A filter that only passes frequencies under a specified Hertz.TopLumen: A measurement unit of total illumination. Typically a 100-watt light bulb outputs 1700lumens over a wide area. Projector light output is measured in ANSI lumens. A projector with ahigher lumen number will produce a brighter image for a given image size. See ANSI LumensTopLuminance: The black and white part of a video signal. It is signified by the letter Y. Signalswith a separated luminance and color signal avoid interference. This interference can result in

dot crawl among other image artifacts.Top
http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Ahttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Ahttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#top


19/29

Lux: A standard for measuring light equal to the amount of visible light per square meterincident on a surface. 1 lux = 1 lumen/square meter or 0.093 foot-candles.Top

M

M1-DA: A DVI connector that supports analog, digital video, a USB connection, and FireWire

(IEEE1394). Used primarily with Infocus projectors.M1-DA (EVC or P&D) is 3 rows or 10 pins and looks a lot like the DVI-I exceptfor 6 more pins. The maximum video resolution supported is 1280x1024.Top

Maximum Distance: Sometimes used to refer to the distance from the screen that a projectorcan focus the image. Most of the time, it is the manufacturer's opinion of how far from a screenthe projector can be to cast an image that is useable (bright enough) in a fully darkened room.Consult the Projection Calculator for guidance on proper placement of a projector for a givenscreen and content.TopMaximum Image Size: The largest image a projector can reasonable throw in a darkenedroom. Consult the Projection Calculator for guidance on proper placement of a projector for a

given screen and content.TopMaximum Resolution: Maximum Resolution refers to the highest resolution that a givendisplay device can support. If the Maximum Resolution exceeds the Native Resolution, , theimage is usually scaled to match or approximate the Native Resolution of the projector. Somedisplay devices allow pan and scan where rather than scaling the image, the display devicesallows you to use the native resolution of the display to view portions of the higher resolutionimage. Scaling reduces the image resolution and produces some artifacts in the image that aremore apparent when viewing text than graphics or video.TopMHz: Megahertz. One million hertz or cycles per second.Top

Microdisplay: Sometimes referred to with the acronym 'MD' as in MD-RPTV. Refers toprojection-based displays using a chip-based imager. Examples are DLP, LCD and LCoS/D-ILA.TopMicrolens Array: A feature of some LCD projectors where tiny lenses are aligned to individualpixels of an LCD panel in order to increase the light that passes through each pixel element. Alsoreduces screen-door effect.TopMinimum Distance: The closest position that a projector can focus an image onto a screen.TopMLA: MicroLens Array. See same.TopMLP: Meridian Lossless Packing. A lossless compression format that is used on DVD-A giving acompression ratio of 1.85 to 1 without degrading quality.TopMoir Pattern: An image artifact which is an interference pattern caused by two patternsoverlaying each other. Looks like cross-hatching, herringbone or other patterns.TopMono: Single channel sound.TopMosquito Noise: An artifact of MPEG compression which looks like a mosquito buzzing around.Usually found around sharp edges and most easily seen on solid color areas. It is a timedependent video compression impairment in which the high frequency spatial detail in videoimages having crisp edges is aliased intermittently.TopMotion Artifacts: Any artifact caused by camera panning or object movement within video.

Judder and combing are motion artifacts.
http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/projection-calculator-pro.cfmhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/projection-calculator-pro.cfmhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Nhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/projection-calculator-pro.cfmhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/projection-calculator-pro.cfmhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Nhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#top


20/29

TopMP3: MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3. Commonly used lossy audio compression format. Patent owned byThomson and Fraunhofer. 128Kbps is a reasonably good setting for encoding.TopMPAA: Motion Picture Association of America. Trade association of the U.S. film industry started

in 1922. Advocates for film industry to public and government.TopMPEG: Moving Picture Experts Group. A working group of ISO/IEC in charge of developingcodecs and standards for moving pictures with synchronized audio.TopMPEG-1: Older video compression format that doesnt compress interlace video. Although theformat is capable of other resolutions, the standard expected is a 352x240 pixel image runningat 30 frames a second and encoded at a constant bit-rate (CBR) of 1.5Mbps. It only supportsmono or stereo sound.TopMPEG-2: The standard file format for DTV, DVDs and DBS, among others. Uses sametechniques as MPEG-1 but adds support for interlace video and multichannel sound as well as

offering higher bit rates.TopMPEG-4: An audio/visual file format that is designed for multimedia applications. It allows forother types of media such as 3D objects as well as video and offers interactive capabilities. It isa more efficient compressor than MPEG-2 and can be up to 50% smaller in file size at a givenquality.TopMTS: Multi-channel Television Sound (MTS) provides the ability to receive multiple audiochannels with a single video channel allowing the user to select the type of audio desired suchas mono, stereo, or Secondary Audio Programs (SAP). See SAP.TopMultiscan: A display device capable of operating at multiple scan rates, usually starting at30KHz up.TopMultizone: An audio system that can send any one of multiple sources to any one of differentrooms.Top

N

NAB: National Association of Broadcasters. The U.S. trade association of over-air broadcastersstarted in 1923.TopNative Aspect Ratio: Nearly every projector or display today will support multiple aspectratios; however, each manufacturer must decide who their intended audience is and optimizethe projector for that audience. This means each device has a native aspect ratio that isoptimized for specific viewing material. Images shown in native aspect ratio will utilize the entireresolution of the display and achieve maximum brightness. Images shown in other than nativeaspect ratio will always have less resolution and less brightness than images shown in nativeaspect ratio.TopNative Resolution: Native Resolution is the number of physical pixels in a display device. Forexample, an XGA display has a native resolution of 1024 physical pixels of resolutionhorizontally and 768 pixels vertically or 786,432 total pixels. See Maximum Resolution.TopNegative Gain Screen: A screen with a gain rating of under 1 which actually reduces theamount of light reflected back from a projected image. Usually gray, they are used to increaseapparent contrast by lowering the black level.Top

Noise: An unwanted random signal.
http://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Shttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#Mhttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary.cfm#tophttp://www.projectorcentral.com/glossary

Dictionary Of Projection

Documents

Transcript of Dictionary Of Projection