Dictators
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Transcript of Dictators
The Rise of DictatorsMussolini, Stalin, and Hitler
What helped them rise?Treaty that ended WWI Economic depression that followed WWI
These created “anti-democratic” sentiments in these countries which empowered these leaders.
Benito Mussolini•Former schoolmaster and journalist•Fought in WWI•Founded Italy’s Fascist Party
What characterized Fascism?Fascism is a kind of
aggressive nationalismEmphasized “nation” over
the idea of the “individual.”Argued that individualism
created a weak government
Believed a nation becomes great by expanding territory and military
Anti-communistItalians were tired of
strikes and riots
How did he appeal to the people?Europeans feared
Communists were trying to bring down their government.
Fascism stood for the protection of private property and middle class jobs, social security
Stressed national honor and pride (prestige)
Joseph Stalin•Vladimir Lenin set up the power base that helped Stalin take control.•Communist Party created a one-party rule, suppressed individual liberties, punished people who spoke out.•Lenin died and Stalin became dictator.
How did he appeal to the people?He industrialized the
country.Ruled by FEARKilled 8-10 million
peasants who attempted to revolt.
Adolph HitlerAnti-communist and
admired MussoliniFought in WWIJoined the National
Socialist German Workers’ Party (NAZI)
Nationalistic and anti-communistic
Attempted to take over Munich and seize Berlin, failed, imprisoned.While in jail wrote, Mein
Kampf.
How did he appeal to the people?Germans were
desperate for economic improvement.
Pushed for expansion into Poland. (more land)
Claimed Germans (blond, blue eyes) were the master race.
Blamed problems on the Jewish people
How did he gain power?He supported the
election of Nazi party candidates to the German parliament, or Reichstag.
The German president appointed Hitler to prime minister.
Hitler held elections and Nazis gave him dictatorial powers.
Military control in Japan…Too many imports and
too few exports=low economic growth and unemployment in Japan
Japanese military leaders blamed “corrupt politicians”
Military leaders invade Manchuria, China for resources without government permission.
Military leaders assassinated the Japanese Prime Minister.
American IsolationismWhy did most Americans not want to get involved in another
war in Europe?1. European debtor nations weren’t paying back the debt from
American loans for WWI.2. The Nye Committee documented the huge profits that
arms factories. This made it appear they encouraged the war.
This led to this act:1. Neutrality Act of 1935 —Made it illegal for Americans to
sell arms to any foreign country at war.2. Neutrality Act of 1937 –continued ban, but also required
warring countries to buy nonmilitary supplies by “cash and carry” only.
Purpose? Prevent attacks on neutral American trade ships
Axis Powers:Anti-Com-intern
PactRequired Germany
and Japan to exchange information about Communist groups.
GermanyItalyJapan
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Position?He supported
internationalism, not isolationism.
Internationalism– the idea that trade between countries creates prosperity
He sold arms to China to defend itself.
Neither China nor Japan had formally declared war on each other.