Dickens 17 August

MAKERERE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCES

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS TECHNOLOGY

AN INTERNSHIP CARRIED OUT AT

MAKERERE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BY

ARINEITWE DICKENS

13/U/3776/EVE

A FIELD ATTACHMENT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF COMPUTING

AND INFORMATION SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE AWARD OF A

BACHELORS DEGREE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

JUNE - AUGUST, 2015

i

DECLARATION

I ARINEITWE DICKENS of registration number 13/U/3776/EVE do here by declare to the best

of my knowledge that this report is my original work and has never been submitted for any award in

any institution or university of higher learning.

Signature: ………………………………

Date: ………/………/…………………..

ARINEITWE DICKENS

Student

ii

APPROVAL

This is to satisfy that this report was carried out by the candidate ARINEITWE DICKENS during

his internship with COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES MAKERERE UNIVERSITY. It was

carried out under my supervision and it’s ready for submission to the College of computing and

information sciences of Makerere University.

Signature……………………………………………..

Date …………/……………………/…………………

EDWARD KAKOOZA

FIELD SUPERVISOR

Signature……………………………………………..

Date …………/……………………/…………………

JOHN KIZITO

ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I thank the Lord almighty, for his mercy upon me having completed this fieldwork

My gratitude and sincere thanks also goes to my parents and relatives for their great consistent efforts,

sacrifice and their supportive word of encouragement towards my success in education.

In addition my thanks go to the staff of Makerere University College of Health Sciences especially

with great honor my organizational supervisor Mr. Kakooza Edward and his team for their efforts

offered to me in form of encouragement, advice and guidance during my fieldwork study with this

organization.

I also love to extent my appreciation to my academic supervisor Mr. Kizito John and to all Lecturers

for providing knowledge and skills required in the field for a computer scientist

Finally, massive appreciation goes to my dear friends with whom we did the internship and course

mates for their guidance and moral support rendered to me.

May God Bless You All

iv

ABSRACT

This report comprises of the cover page, preliminary pages and four main section namely; section

one that contains the introduction, background of organization, the goal, mission and objectives, its

policies , vision, programs, profile of the organization, ongoing IT projects.

Section two comprises of the field activities, which include hardware, installations, server roles,

networks, databases, websites, video conferencing, and general trouble shooting among others.

Section three shows the challenges and discussion of experiences throughout the internship period.

Section four includes the summary, conclusion and recommendations

It’s then followed by references and appendices.

The purpose of the field attachment was to acquire and build competencies in following skills among

others necessary in computer science, managerial and leadership skills, provide practical experiences

in areas of operation where the student is expected to render services in today’s Uganda and the

world at large and interpret the theories and knowledge learnt from the class into actual practice and

to assess the contribution of IT in the development of our country and the world at large

v

Table of Contents

DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................................. i

APPROVAL .................................................................................................................................................... ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................................................. iii

ABSRACT ...................................................................................................................................................... iv

LIST OF ACRONMYS ................................................................................................................................ viii

Section One ...................................................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction & Background ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Introduction. ...................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Profile of College of Health Sciences ............................................................................................... 1

1.3 MakCHS Schools .............................................................................................................................. 2

1.4 Management ...................................................................................................................................... 2

MakCHS Organization Structure ......................................................................................................... 3

1.5 Vision ................................................................................................................................................. 3

1.6 Mission ............................................................................................................................................... 3

1.7 Values ................................................................................................................................................. 3

1.8 Core Functions .................................................................................................................................. 4

1.9 Ongoing IT projects .......................................................................................................................... 4

Field Attachment Activities ............................................................................................................................ 6

2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 6

2.1 Week One .................................................................................................................................................. 6

Hardware Repair and Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 6

2.2 Week Two .................................................................................................................................................. 9

Systems Administration ............................................................................................................................. 9

Installations ................................................................................................................................................. 9

Installation of Operating Systems ............................................................................................................. 9

Installation of application software ......................................................................................................... 10

2.3 Week Three ............................................................................................................................................. 10

Servers ....................................................................................................................................................... 10

Server Operating Systems ........................................................................................................................ 11

Server roles ................................................................................................................................................ 11

vi

2.4 Week Four ............................................................................................................................................... 11

Cable termination ..................................................................................................................................... 11

Packet tracer ............................................................................................................................................. 12

2.5 Week Five ................................................................................................................................................ 13

VLANS ....................................................................................................................................................... 13

MySQL and PHP .................................................................................................................................. 13

MySQL ................................................................................................................................................... 13

PHP ........................................................................................................................................................ 14

2.6 Week Six .................................................................................................................................................. 14

Graphic Design using Adobe Suite CS5 ................................................................................................... 14

2.7 Week seven .............................................................................................................................................. 14

Website designing ...................................................................................................................................... 14

2.8 Week Eight .............................................................................................................................................. 16

2.9 Week Nine and Ten................................................................................................................................. 16

Section Three ................................................................................................................................................. 17

Emerging Issues / Discussion of Experiences ......................................................................................... 17

3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 17

3.2 Discussion of Experiences ....................................................................................................................... 17

3.2.1 How to handle different problems (problem solving) ..................................................................... 17

3.2.2 Charging or evaluating the work done ............................................................................................ 17

3.2.3 Working and sharing with different people .................................................................................... 17

3.2.3 Practical skills ................................................................................................................................... 17

3.2.4 Time management ............................................................................................................................ 18

3.2.5 Copying up with new software’s ...................................................................................................... 18

3.2.6 Research ............................................................................................................................................ 18

3.2.7 Starting up business in IT (being a job creator) ............................................................................. 18

3.2.8 Typing speed ..................................................................................................................................... 18

3.2.9 Good practices of a good IT officer or systems administrator ....................................................... 18

3.2.10 IT Support .......................................................................................................................................... 18

3.2.11 Networking ......................................................................................................................................... 18

3.2.12 Systems administration ..................................................................................................................... 19

3.2.13 Website designing .............................................................................................................................. 19

vii

3.3 Challenges ............................................................................................................................................ 19

Chapter four .................................................................................................................................................. 20

Conclusion and Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 20

4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 20

4.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................................................ 20

4.3 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 20

References ...................................................................................................................................................... 21

Appendices ..................................................................................................................................................... 22

Appendix 1: Computer Maintenance and Components of the System Unit ............................................ 22

Appendix 2: Installation of Desktop Operating Systems ........................................................................... 26

Appendix 3: Installation of Sever Operating Systems ................................................................................ 28

Appendix 4: Cable Termination .................................................................................................................. 33

Appendix 5: Packet Tracer Project ............................................................................................................. 35

Appendix 6: PHP and MySQL Code ........................................................................................................... 44

Appendix 7: Pictorial .................................................................................................................................... 46

viii

LIST OF ACRONMYS

AGP Accelerated Graphical port

BIOS Basic Input Output System

BITS Background Intelligent Transfer Service

CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

CPU Central Processing Unit

DCE Data Communication Equipment

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DNS Domain Name Service

DTE Data Terminal Equipment

EIRB Electronic Institutional Review Boards

ExFAT Extended File Allocation Table

FAT File Allocation Table

HTML Hypertext Mark-up Language

ICT Information and Communication Technologies

IDE Integrated Drive Electronics

IIS Internet Information Services

IP Internet Protocol

ISA Industry Standard Architecture

LAN Local Area Network

MakCHS Makerere University College of Health Sciences

MESAU Medical Education for Equitable services for all Ugandans consortium

NTFS New Technology File System

PCB Printed Circuit Board

PCI Peripheral Component Interconnection

PDU Power Distribution Unit

ix

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

PoE Power over Ethernet

POP Post Office Protocol

RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks

RAM Random Access Memory

RDBMS Relational Database Management System

RJ Registered Jack

ROM Read Only Memory

SAS Serial Attached SCSI

SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment

SCSI Small Computer System Interface

SFP Small form-factor pluggable

SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

SQL Standard Query Language

SSH Secure Shell

SSL Secure Socket Layer

UDP User Datagram Protocol

UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply

USB Universal Serial Bus

VGA Video Graphics Array

VLANs Virtual Local Area Networks

VPN Virtual Private Network

VTP VLAN Trucking Protocol

1

Section One

Introduction & Background

1.1 Introduction.

The internship exercise that started on 8th June to 8th August 2015 was meant to expose a student of

computer science at a degree level of Makerere University with professional work in the IT

department. I performed all duties as were directed by the field supervisor in order to learn and get

exposed to the necessary conditions for fieldwork practical.

First, at place of work, I was exposed to a week of orientation to freely expose myself to the staff

and areas of operation. The course of field work covered areas of information technology that is

computer hard ware, repair, maintenance, programming, networking, installations, security and

problem solving skills among others. All these were meant to allow me translate the course theory

into practical

This report points out the important information collected about the agency/organization, the field

work activities, and presentation of findings, summary, conclusion and recommendations which were

gathered during field work study.

1.2 Profile of College of Health Sciences

Makerere University College of Health Sciences was established in 1924 known as Makerere

University Medical School, till 2007 when it became Makerere University’s premier constituent

College. It is the oldest medical training University unit in East Africa; having been in the business

of training medical and health professionals for over 80 years. This history has earned it the enviable

position of ‘crème la crème’ in Uganda and the East and Central African region.

In 2008 Makerere University began a major institutional change that led to the creation of Makerere

University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS) as the University’s first constituent college. This

was an exploration of unchartered waters in the history of university governance in Uganda.

MakCHS has experienced both exciting and challenging times but has set a pace for itself and the

future is very promising.

Location

It is located on Mulago Hill within the Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital complex,

Northeast of Kampala. The clinical teaching disciplines of the College of Health Sciences are

currently integrated with Mulago Hospital.

2

1.3 MakCHS Schools

The Makerere University College of Health Sciences is made up of four schools and over 40 units.

The schools are;

The School of Medicine

The School of Health Sciences

The School of Public Health

The School of Biomedical Sciences

The Institutes and Centre under Makerere University College of Health Sciences include;

Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI)

Child Health and Development Centre (CHDC)

Centre for Tobacco Control in Africa (CTCA)

Regional Centre for Quality of Health Care

1.4 Management

The College of Health Sciences Management is led by; the Principal as the head, deans as heads of

schools, and Chairs as heads of departments as listed below:

Acting Principal and Deputy Principal: Dr. Isaac Okullo

Dean School of Medicine: Professor Moses Kamya

Acting Dean School of Health Sciences: Dr. Rose Nabirye Chalo

Dean School of Public Health: Associate Professor William Bazeyo

Dean School of Biomedical Sciences: Professor Moses Joloba

3

MakCHS Organization Structure

1.5 Vision

A leading and transformational institution for academic excellence and innovation in health sciences

in Africa

1.6 Mission

To improve the health of the people of Uganda through innovative teaching, research and provision

of services responsive to society needs

1.7 Values

Innovativeness and Adaptability to Change

Social Accountability

Diversity

Excellence and Quality

Equity and Social Justice

Professionalism

4

1.8 Core Functions

The College of Health sciences delivers within the mandate of Makerere University; teaching and

learning, research and innovations and service to community.

Teaching and Learning

In this area of strategic focus, the College runs several Undergraduate and Post-graduate Programs. The

college also run several short courses tailored to address specific needs of people working in the health sector.

Research and Innovations

The College of Health Sciences is a leader in health research in the East African region; working

with both academic and other partners, both local and international. In a bid to conduct research that

addresses actual needs of the Ugandan population, the College of Health Sciences went through a

process to set its research priorities. These will form the core of the research work carried out at the

College, although other areas are also considered.

1.9 Ongoing IT projects

Makerere University College of Health Sciences ICT Team has a lot of projects that are ongoing,

below are some of them;

A Graduate Tracking System

This system is purposely developed for Makerere University College of Health Sciences alumni. It

will help in tracking where the students are, what they are doing, how they can be supported,

scholarship opportunities if available, the lost students (dead) and forum for alumni to meet online

and to know the projects they are currently working on

This system will help in influencing policy makers for example create jobs for graduate students,

seek help from the government for example loan scheme.

It is supported by Capacity plus a US based Company and MESAU and led by Mr. Edward Kakooza

on behalf of the College.

Upgrade of Infrastructure

This has been supported by Research and Education Network for Ugandans (RENU), it is an ISP

for Makerere University, and it gave the College ten switches.

NCRC has helped in the redesigning of the network and new equipment have been purchased to

improve internet services.

Upgrade the LAN, it started with the first floor of clinical research building due to the increase in

5

the number of staff in the office which has led to the need to increase in the number of ports from

the previous few ports.

Improving security, by Implementing CCTV cameras on the college buildings for security purposes

Installation of a finance management software for the finance department and also Improving on

the video conferencing system, working upon the light, and sound as well as installing another one

at clinical research building level two small laboratory

Establishing an Electronic Institutional Review Board (EIRB)

How the EIRB works

Research is done by the; under graduate students, master students, PHD students and the college

schools. A research topic is got and presented to the Institution Review Board (IRB). Each school

has a functional IRB hence four IRBs in total. The IRB has twelve members hence twelve copies of

the research topic are made and given to each member of the board in case your research topic is

approved, then the researcher can collect data. After this stage, the National Council has to also

approve it and at times by the Office of the President.

This project (ERIB) is supported by the MESAU (Medical Education for Equitable Education

Support for All Ugandans) and is meant to solve the above processes where by submission can be

done online

6

Section Two

Field Attachment Activities

2.0 Introduction

The internship that begun on 8th June 2015 to 14th August 2015.

The field work activities that were done in a period of 9 weeks and are presented in this report

as they helped me to achieve practical experience in areas of operation and enabled me achieve

and interpret the theories using the skills and knowledge learnt from lectures and books into

actual practice.

Activities Performed

Orientation; during the orientation we were exposed to the organizations activities, programs and

areas of operation during the internees operation with the organization.

2.1 Week One

In this week we discussed hard ware repair and maintenance, and hard ware components and parts

like motherboard, RAM chips, hard disks, microprocessor, heat sink, and more as discussed below

Hardware Repair and Maintenance

Orientation; I was presented to the orientation week which exposed me to the organizations’

activities, programs and areas of operation during the internship. All interns in the IT department of

the college converged at the former student’s computer laboratory and were introduced to the staff

members in the department that we would be dealing with. We were also briefed about the college’s

history, its objectives and the various activities and projects handled by the IT department.

We then set up a work station that would be used by all the interns in the department as a temporary

workstation by setting up desktops, cleaning and arranging a suitable sitting area. We later discussed

the common computer errors, how to identify them and how to solve them and also what

specifications to look at when purchasing a computer. The different error messages and beeps made

by computers together with their meanings.

I was introduced to the computer system unit, its different parts and their respective functions. Latter

with the help of the field supervisor, we were guided on how to configure a wires router to access

wires internet around the work place. Computer systems are made up of both software and hardware.

Software is any set of machine-readable instructions that directs a computer's processor to perform

7

specific operations, it is divided into two categories systems software designed to operate and control

the computer hardware and to provide a platform for running application software for example an

operating system such as windows XP among others. Application software designed to carry out

operations for a specific application for example Microsoft office applications among others.

Computer hardware on the other hand refers to the physical parts or components of a computer which

is also divided into two categories external hardware equipment such as the monitor, mouse,

keyboard, among others and internal hardware components such as the computer data storage, hard

drive disk (HDD), graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips, among others.

Computers work with electronic equipment such a fans among others all these after working for a

long time they require replacement or repair of some of their components, blowing out all the dust

to clear all the blockages in the cooling system to prevent the computer from heating up.

I successfully disassembled a desktop computer’s system unit and then successfully reassembled it

after looking at all the parts and studying them closely. Then the instructor disassembled the system

unit of a dell computer (desktop) and we looked at the different parts in details.

Motherboard

It is where the core components of the computer reside. It also supports cards for video, sound,

networking and more are mounted into it. There are different types of mother boards-extended

Technology (XT) the oldest model, Advanced Technology (AT), Baby AT which is a combination

of XT and AT and Advanced Technology extended (ATX) the latest version.

Its Components include

Microprocessor, It had a pin less processor. This is the central brain of the computer. It performs

commands and controls the operation of the computer.

Heat sink, this helps in the cooling of the processor as it absorbs heat from it and sends to the fan.

Fan for cooling the system unit.

CMOS battery it keeps system settings such as time and date

Buses permit the transmission of the data within the system unit.

8

Hard disk is used to store data permanently.

Expansion slots for future expansion in case an addition of a device such as network card and TV

card can be inserted in the expansion slots.

PCI slots (Peripheral Component Interconnect) they are next to the expansion slots. They are 64bits

hence faster transfer of data compared to the ISA slots which are 32bits.

Industry Standard Architecture (ISA). ISA is a type of bus used in computers for adding expansion

cards. For example, an ISA slot may be used to add a video card, a network card, or an extra serial

port.

NIC (Network Interface Cards) it provides the physical connection between the network and the

computer workstation.

Most NICs are Ethernet cards and wireless adapters

Memory/ RAM chips for temporary storage of work that are currently under use.

Jumpers, allow the computer to close an electrical circuit, allowing the electricity to flow certain

sections of the circuit board. Jumpers are used to configure the settings for computer peripherals such

as the motherboard and other components. For example, if your motherboard, intrusion detection, a

jumper can be set to enable or disable this feature.

North Bridge, is an integrated circuit responsible for communications between the CPU interface,

and the memory. Unlike the Southbridge the Northbridge is directly connected to the CPU and RAM

acts like a "bridge" for the Southbridge chip to communicate with the CPU,

RAM, and graphics controller.

South bridge, is an integrated circuit on the motherboard responsible for the hard drive controller,

9

I/O controller and integrated hardware. Integrated hardware can include the sound card and video

card if on the motherboard, USB, PCI, ISA, BIOS, and Ethernet.

Power supply for constant supply of power. It supplies power to all the components of the system

unit. At times they are two, one acting as backup in case one fails.

VGA (video graphics array) port is where VGA cable is inserted to connect to output devices for

instance to a projector.

Looked at servers. I disassembled the server and we discussed the various parts.

The server had the following;

More than one fan, these help in the cooling of the server since it does a lot of processing.

Two processors to speed up the processing due to too much work processed and to act as backup in

case one breaks down, many hard disks to provide enough storage capacity, many expansion slots

for addition of any components such as Ram, two power supplies for constant power supply or back

up.

2.2 Week Two

In this week it was mainly installation of operating systems.

Systems Administration

Installations

We discussed installation types and their requirements, for example before installing windows server

2012, you must make sure that the following requirements are available on the machine. A minimum

RAM of 512 MB, processor speed of a minimum of 1.4GHZ for a 64 bit processor, hard disk of a

minimum of 32 GB, among others.

Installation of Operating Systems

We discussed some virtual machines such as virtual machine ware and virtual box. I installed virtual

machine ware, created a virtual machine called it windows7 and installed on it windows 7 operating

system. For steps on how I installed a virtual machine, refer to the appendix.

I was able to install windows 7 professional and Ubuntu 14.04LTS separately on virtual machine

using virtual machine ware and later windows 7 professional and Ubuntu 14.04LTS to dual boot

10

together on the same virtual machine.

Installation of application software

I installed Microsoft office 2013 on windows 8 operating system.

Partitioning of the hard drive.

I partitioned the hard disk using computer management. Our field supervisor took us through an

overview of disk partition and operating systems. I successfully installed windows 7 and 8 and took

note off the different challenges that arose during the installation. I made a flash bootable with

windows 7 image using a software called Rufus

Dual boot installation

Then finally, I did a dual boot installation, installed Ubuntu 14.04 LTS alongside windows 8.

We then also had an in-depth overview of server operating systems especially windows server 2003,

Linux 14.04, the different server commands and main directories used.

Later that week we researched and had in-depth discussions where we learnt about user accounts,

backing up files, partitioning methods when installing Linux server operating systems, and the

various types and classifications of servers. I presented MySQL server role, how it works and

services it needs for it to work properly as well as its installation procedure.

I managed to install some utility software like Microsoft office 2013 to mention but a few.

We also successfully managed to install Ubuntu Linux OS 14.04 LTS after erasing the version of the

server using a bootable CD. We also looked at raid configurations, different raids and how and when

each one is used best ranging from raid 0 to raid

In the same week we also looked at some features of windows like how to navigate through the

control panel and its functions. The Control Panel is a part of the Microsoft Windows graphical user

interface which allows users to view and manipulate basic system settings and controls via applets,

such as adding hardware, adding and removing software, controlling user accounts.

Also discussed the different file systems-both windows and Linux types. Windows use New

Technology File System (NTFS), File Allocation Table 32bit (FAT32), FAT, and extended FAT

(exFAT).

2.3 Week Three

In this week it was mainly installation of server operating systems and different server roles.

Servers

A server is a computer designed to process requests and deliver data to other computers over a local

network or the Internet.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Control_Panel_applets_%28Windows%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer_hardware

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_account

11

Server Operating Systems

Installed Ubuntu server 12.04 LTS on an HP server configured it with a static IP address using Nano

editor. We also learnt how to access editors using sudo command, the command that gives full access

or administrative privileges.

Server roles

We did research and discussed various server roles, how they work and how they are installed and

configured. We had an in-depth overview of routers and later did there maintenance.

I also discussed on how to install and configure a WEB server role on a windows server 2003

operating system and tested its functionality on various laptops. Also looked at active directory,

domain name server, application server role, file server role and how to configure them.

Discussion of the protocols, firewalls and assignment on server roles.

Application server, DHCP, DNS, proxy, game, web server

I did switch maintenance, cleaning of the 3 cisco catalyst 950 series switches in a 15 rack unit double

section rack. The rack had four patch panels where fiber cables were terminated.

I discussed proxy server and game server. Under the proxy server, I presented its functionality, merits

and demerits. Also my colleague FRANCIS presented Active directory as a server role as others also

discussed the rest.

Installed windows server 2012.R2 operating system on an HP server successfully

In this week we also looked at protocols and respective port numbers and we looked at what each

protocol is used for. The protocols included DHCP, TCP, UDP, FTP, HTTP, and SFTP among others

2.4 Week Four

This week mainly focused on networking were I was given an introduction to computer networks,

carried out cable termination, class subnetting and packet tracer

Cable termination

I terminated a straight through and cross over cables and after testing them, they worked. Straight

through is used to connect different devices such as a computer and a switch while cross over cable

is used to connect same devices such as computer and a computer or switch to switch.

A Crossover Cable

It is used to connect to similar devices together so as share a network connection such as two laptops,

two computer NICS, two router’s Ethernet ports, two switches but also router to a computer.

12

A crossover cable is terminated using two standards T568A on one end and T568B on the other end

of the same cable. Termination requires three main tools such as Creeping tool, cable, RJ 45 and

cable jackets

Standard T568A follows the order of white green, green, white orange, blue, white blue, orange,

white brown, brown and standard T568B follows the order of white orange, orange, white green,

blue, white blue, green, white brown, brown.

After you have arranged them in that order then level the tips of the cable and then push them into

the RJ45 until you see the tips at the end of the RJ 45 and then using the creeping tool squeeze the

RJ45 to fix them tight.

A Straight through Cable

Straight through cable is used for connecting dissimilar devices such as switch port to computer NIC,

switch port to router’s Ethernet port.

Terminating a straight through cable uses either standard T568A on both ends or T568B on the both

ends.

Straight through cable goes through the same procedure as cross over above but the difference is that

a straight through uses only one standard on both sides

Packet tracer

We were taught VLAN trucking protocol, inter VLAN routing. The instructor also took us through

dynamic trucking protocol, creating interfaces and sub interfaces when configuring switches under

packet racer.

Looked the different modes used when configuring devices such as switches and routers in packet

tracer. The modes include:

Explanation of the modes using the router as the host.

Mode Representation Meaning

User Router> It is the starting

mode, takes you to

the privileged mode

Privileged mode

(also known as

EXEC-level mode)

Router# config t You can check the

configurations from

this mode

Global configuration

mode

Router(config)# It is where all the

configurations are

done

13

Configuration of packet tracer switch, router was carried out.

Subnetting

Sub netting is the process of splitting the network into small size segments which are easy to manage. IPV4

addressing is subdivided into private and public addresses and has five class with different ranges which starts

from the left octet such as;

Class A has range from 1.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 and also has a private address range between 10.0.0.0 and

10.255.255.255

Class B has range from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 and between 172.16.0.0 -172.31.255.255 is a private

address range

Class C has range from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 and private address range from 192.0.0.0 to

192.168.255.255.

Each Class has a default subnet mask which refers to 32 bit number whose purpose is to define which part of

the address is used as a network portion and host portion such as Class C has /24, Class B has /16 and Class

A has /8.

Each class has maximum possible IP addresses for resistance Class C has 254 IP, Class B has 65534 IP, and

Class A has 16,777,214 IP.

Sub netting has two methods such as Classful sub netting which wastes IP address space and maintains the

same subnet mask for all the subnets but Classless sub netting does not waste IP address space.

2.5 Week Five

In this week we mainly focused on VLANS, MySQL and PHP

VLANS

A VLAN is a group of devices on one or more LANs that are configured to communicate as if they

were attached to the same wire, when in fact they are located on a number of different LAN

segments. Because VLANs are based on logical instead of physical connections, they are extremely

flexible.

VLANs can be configured using various modes like privilege mode, executable mode, Global

configurations mode.

MySQL and PHP

MySQL

Database creation was done using MySQL, I installed WampServer 2.2, 32 bit and it comprised of

Apache 2.2.21, MySQL 5.5.20, PHP 5.3.9, PHPmyAdmin 3.4.9, SQLBuddy 1.3.3 and xDebug 2.12.

14

PHP

PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web

pages.

PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP

A PHP script is executed on the server, and the plain HTML result is sent back to the browser.

A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document.

A PHP script starts with <?php and ends with ?>

The default file extension for PHP files is ".php".

A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code.

2.6 Week Six

In this week we mainly focused on graphic designing. We used Adobe Suite CS5 and mainly focused

on adobe Photoshop, in design and fireworks

Graphic Design using Adobe Suite CS5

I carried out graphic designing using Adobe Suite CS5 and I was able to design a poster, logo and

identity cards. This was made possible by the various functions like cloning images using clone tool,

drawing using already existing shapes like oval, triangle, and circle, editing images using the filter

menu, Crop tool to crop your image, draw a box with the crop tool, Lasso tool that lets you select

freeform shapes, rather than just rectangles and ovals.

2.7 Week seven

In this week we mainly focused on Website designing. We used Adobe Dream Weaver and fireworks

Website designing

I was introduced to web designing. A website is a collection of webpages, websites are categorized

in two types such as static & dynamic, we were able to look at the principles of a web design, needs

analysis, qualities of a good website which includes navigation, how fast the website is, and the

arrangements which should be in a grid system. We designed the pencil mockup of our website. We

were assigned a project of coming up with a website. We used different softwares to perform

different tasks and these included Dreamweaver which we used to develop the website, Fireworks

was used to design the graphics of the website.

15

The principles of web site designing include the following:

User experience

User interface design

Functionality design/ specification/ functional requirements/documents

User acceptance

Deployment (giving it to user of the system)

Support (maintenance and enhancement)

We discussed the for web site development. They include:

Needs analysis

Requirements gathering and specification

System design which may involve-identifying specifications, functional and nonfunctional

requirements, and documentation

Prototyping- choose between evolutionary and throw away prototyping.

Core development using various programming languages like PHP, Java, MySQL, and HTML.

Testing-Unit, whole, user, component or system testing may be used.

Fixing of bugs in the system.

Source for user acceptance test

Deployment

Finally maintenance and support.

There are two types of websites;

Dynamic web sites

These have databases and are easy to update. Information can change any time due to the presence

of a database. But they are expensive.

Static web sites

16

These do not have databases and are purely html web sites. To make changes, you have to go back

to the source code. They are cheap and easy to develop but hard to maintain since they require daily

update of content and code.

Below are some of the qualities that we discussed that a good web site must have:

Good and easy navigation from different pages, Images must not be congested and should be easily

arranged, Good chose of color- they should be few and matching, Limited adverts, the pages should

be well balanced.

2.8 Week Eight

We were charged with a task to simulate a network with three LANs connected together each having

the following details:

6 clients on each.

The finance, administrator, human resource, academic registrar each in a different VLAN

2 users in the same VLAN.

Add three fileservers on each VLAN for the finance, human resource, and academic registrar.

Add a wireless access point in a different VLAN.

One printer and IP phone on each LAN

Then connect a DHCP server to award IP addresses.

2.9 Week Nine and Ten

For these last two weeks, we did maintenance of the college where we had to clean all the switches

in the college, all the computer laboratories, we did installations for most of the staff members

especially those who had new machines, we installed antivirus on the computers in the laboratory of

child health big laboratory. In this period, we were given time to work on our reports alongside other

activities like the projects and maintenance

Finally we closed the internship with a recap of what we had covered during the internship period

and career guidance from our field supervisor and encouragement

17

Section Three

Emerging Issues / Discussion of Experiences

3.1 Introduction

In this section I will discuss the experienced I gain, the challenges and emerging issues during my

internship period

3.2 Discussion of Experiences

During the my internship training I gained a lot of experiences in a variety of disciplines, these include

but not limited to;

3.2.1 How to handle different problems (problem solving)

I handled different problems during my industrial training which gave me experience in handling

different problems. Like before starting the trouble shooting I could ask the affected person what

issues they are facing exactly and this will give me a hint on the problem that might have occurred

to the computer, thus saving time.

3.2.2 Charging or evaluating the work done

I also got some skills of charging a customer or evaluating some job being done. For instance after

designing my website I realized that it wasn’t easy designing a web site but it also cost some time

and more thinking to come up with a nice website, thus making it somehow expensive as compared

to what I expected.

3.2.3 Working and sharing with different people

I had an experience of working and sharing with different people from different institutions and also

different work places (organization) with different experiences and problems. For instance during

maintenance we would work in offices of people we did not know as well as work with people we

did not know and we had to interact well with them and provide a good working environment.

3.2.3 Practical skills

I had practical training in different fields. This included;

Configuring a physical switch (Cisco 2960)

Having a look at a punch panel and getting to know what it does

Terminating cables (Crossover and Straight through Cables)

Configuring and controlling a server

Hardware maintenance and servicing

Website designing

18

3.2.4 Time management

It also improved my time management in both the daily life and in handing assignments or module

reports.

3.2.5 Copying up with new software’s

I was able to use new software’s that were required during the course. These included

Windows server 2012 R2

Fireworks, Photoshop

3.2.6 Research

It also helped in doing some research on different topics and teaching myself certain things during

the training.

3.2.7 Starting up business in IT (being a job creator)

I was also inspired by what the workers and IT management of this organization did. This taught me

a lesson as an IT student that I can be a job creator other than being a job seeker. This was a very

nice experience to me.

3.2.8 Typing speed

Also my typing speed was able to improve due to a lot of hands training at MAKCHS

3.2.9 Good practices of a good IT officer or systems administrator

These practices included the following:

Naming of the cables from the computers to the switch on both ends.

Backing up of information.

Noting down information for example passwords and secret words

Report writing

3.2.10 IT Support

IT support was all about computer maintenance. It was a good experience being introduced to

different practical activities and things as a specialist/professional but not as a student. This was a bit

challenging and stressing but teaching. Here, I was required to produce a module report for IT support

in time. All in all, it was a good training to me and I believe I gained a lot from it.

3.2.11 Networking

Networking was a bit challenging but I also found it interesting. Due to some new technology in

some parts I needed to adjust. This included change in versions of packet tracer and changing from

19

windows to Linux specifically UBUNTU. Here, I gained more than what I really expected which a

good was training experience.

3.2.12 Systems administration

Systems administration was a new and nice experience. I was introduced to the server technology,

its importance and how it works. Now I know that according to what I have gained from MAKCHS

I can manage a server and be a good systems administrator.

3.2.13 Website designing

Website designing was a good experience. It encouraged group work due to the group project that

was given to us. It was also another way of doing research and working towards the best since the

best website was to be hosted. It improved my skills of graphic and database management. It was

interesting working with other people.

Sincerely working with MAKCHS was a nice experience.

3.3 Challenges

Lunch was not provided and I could not afford that one sold at the college canteen because the food

was very expensive, so I had to move a long distance so as to get cheap affordable meals hence time

wastage hindering my productivity.

Transport was also a big issue since I used to come from my place of residence which was far from

my internship Organization. I was always caught up in jam and at times did not have enough of the

transport fee.

Limited internship time was also a great challenge since I had too much to learn in a small period of

time thus ending up with not enough practicing time.

20

Chapter four Conclusion and Recommendations

4.1 Introduction

In this section I discussed some of things that need to be improved both at MakCHS and COCIS

4.2 Recommendation

I recommend that lunch should be served at the organization so as to reduce the time wasted as the

employees are moving from one place to the other looking for where to have lunch.

The organizations should recruit more staff specifically for the ICT department to reduce on their

workload so as to prevent work from slowing down.

I recommend that the school of computing aids students in acquiring internship placements because

many of us find ourselves with no place to go and finally some students go to companies that do not

even have ICT department

4.3 Conclusion

All in all, despite a few difficulties, my ten weeks training at Makerere University College of Health

Sciences were very fruitful. I was able to meet many of my objectives. It enabled me to learn new

concepts that I had not been taught in class and understand those engineering concepts that I had

learnt only in class theoretically. In addition, I was also able to interact with a number of ICT

personnel who were able to share with me their experiences in the working environment and ways

of how to tackle different problems and how to achieve my goal of becoming an ICT personnel.

From my training, I established meaningful friendship with my workmates and other employees.

Am so grateful to whoever contributed to all this

21

References

1. The practice of System and Network Administration by Thomas, Christina and strata

2. Weekly journal

3. Lecture Notes

4. http://www.google.com/

5. http://www.wikipedia.com/

6. http://www.w3schools.com/

http://www.google.com/

http://www.wikipedia.com/

http://www.w3schools.com/

22

Appendices

Appendix 1: Computer Maintenance and Components of the System Unit

Motherboard

The motherboard is the body or mainframe of the computer, through which all other components

interface. It is the central circuit board making up a complex electronic system. A motherboard

provides the electrical connections by which the other components of the system communicate. The

mother board includes many components such as CPU, RAM, firmware, and internal and external

buses.

Central Processing Unit

The CPU is the part of the computer that is commonly referred to as the ‘brains’ of a computer. It is

also known as the processor or microprocessor, it is responsible for executing a sequence of stored

instructions called a program. This program will take inputs from an input device, process the input

in some way and output the results to an output device. CPUs are not only found in desktops, laptops,

many electronics rely on them for their functionality for example mobile phones, DVD players,

washing machines among others.

Random Access Memory

RAM consists of memory chips that the processor can read from and write to. Most RAM is volatile

memory, meaning that its contents are lost when the computer’s power is turned off. Two basic types

of RAM chips are dynamic RAM and static RAM. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) must be re-energized

constantly or it loses its contents. Static RAM (SRAM) is faster and more reliable than DRAM and

has to be re-energized less often, but it is much more expensive.

Power Supply

The power supply is the device that supplies power to all the components in the computer. Its case

holds a transformer, voltage control, and (usually) a cooling fan. The power supply converts about

100-120 volts of AC power to low-voltage DC power for the internal components to use. The most

23

common computer power supplies are built to conform to the ATX form factor. This enables

different power supplies to be inter changeable with different components inside the computer. ATX

power supplies also are designed to turn on and off using a signal from the motherboard, and provide

support for modern functions such as standby mode.

Hard Disk Drive

A hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on

rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Typical desktop hard disk drives store between 120

and 400GB, rotate at 7,200 rpm, and have a media transfer rate of 1 Gbit/s or higher. Hard disk drives

are accessed over one of a number of bus types, including parallel ATA (also called IDE), Serial ATA

(SATA), SCSI, Serial Attached SCSI, and Fiber Channel

Cooling unit

Computer cooling is the process of removing heat from computer components. A computer system's

components produce large amounts of heat during operation, including integrated circuits such as

CPUs, chipset and graphics cards, along with hard drives. This heat must be dissipated in order to

keep these components within their safe operating temperatures, and both manufacturing methods

and additional parts are used to keep the heat at a safe level. This is done mainly using heat sinks to

increase the surface area which dissipates heat, fans to speed up the exchange of air heated by the

computer parts for cooler ambient air, and in some cases soft cooling, the throttling of computer

parts in order to decrease heat generation. Overheated parts generally exhibit a shorter maximum

life-span and may give sporadic problems resulting in system freezes or crashes.

LAN card

A Network card, Network Adapter, LAN Adapter or NIC (network interface card) is a piece of

computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network. It is both

an OSI layer 1 (physical layer) and layer 2 (data link layer) device, as it provides physical access to

a networking medium and provides a low-level addressing system through the use of MAC addresses.

It allows users to connect to each other either by using cables or wirelessly.

24

CMOS battery

All computers that have an 80286 processor or later require a small battery on the system board that

provides power to the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) chip, even while the

computer is turned off. This chip contains information about the system configuration (for example

hard disk type, floppy drive types, date and time, and the order in which the computer will look for

bootable disks).

IDE cable-It is a standard type of connection for storage devices in a PC. Generally, it refers to the

types of cables and ports used to connect some hard drives and optical drives to each other and to

the motherboard.

Video Card-Unless the motherboard comes with a built-in video card, we will have to install a

separate video card into the computer system. Graphic or video cards are typically needed to deal

with PC gaming, high definition video and multiple displays.

Sound Card-Sound cards enable the computer to output, record and manipulate sound. Now it is

common to have a built-in sound card on motherboards, when talking about personal computers.

SATA AND IDE Hard Drives

IDE and SATA are different types of interfaces to connect storage devices (like hard drives) to a

computer's system bus. SATA stands for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (or Serial ATA)

and IDE is also called Parallel ATA or PATA. SATA is the newer standard and SATA drives are faster

than PATA (IDE) drives. For many years ATA provided the most common and the least expensive

interface for this application. But by the beginning of 2007, SATA had largely replaced IDE in all

new systems.

The ATA interface (ATA stands for AT attachment where "AT" refers to IBM's PC/AT for which it

was originally built) evolved in stages from Western Digital’s original Integrated Drive Electronics

(IDE) interface. After the introduction of Serial ATA in 2003, the original ATA was retroactively

renamed Parallel ATA.

I followed the following while carrying out computer maintenance

25

I disconnected the computer from the power to avoid any shot circuits that would lead to destruction

of computer components.

Then I started cleaning up the different parts of the computer using different techniques.

For CPU (Central Processing Unit) system using a blower to avoid any liquid to drop into the

electric circuit.

For the keyboard and the monitor I used the Universal foam instead of using liquid soap to avoid

any liquid to get poured into the keyboard or monitor.

26

Appendix 2: Installation of Desktop Operating Systems

Installation of Microsoft Windows7 Ultimate

Windows 7 DVD is bootable. In order to boot from the DVD I set the boot sequence.

Looked for the boot sequence under your BIOS setup and made sure that the first boot

device is set to boot from CD-ROM/DVD-ROM.

Placed Windows 7 DVD in your DVD-ROM drive and started my PC. Windows 7started to

boot up showing a progress bar.

The next step showed how to setup the preferred language, time and currency format,

keyboard or input method. I changed them to my required settings and clicked next to

continue.

The next step allowed me to ‘clean install’ or ‘repair’ Windows 7. Since I was doing a clean

install I clicked on ‘install now’.

The next step was showing the license terms which I perused through and I had to tick ‘I

accept license terms’, then clicked ‘next’ to continue.

Now I was presented with two options. Upgrade or Custom (Advanced). Since I was doing

a clean install I selected Custom (Advanced).

I chose the drive partition where I would like to install Windows 7. I clicked ‘next’ to

continue.

Windows 7 starts the installation process and starts copying all the necessary files to my

hard drive as I waited for some few minutes.

Meanwhile it went through various stages of the setup and will reboot your system few

times.

I was also introduced to different ways of backing up during the session of installing new

windows. Different ways of backing up included:

Backing up on a different computer

Backing up on external disks

27

Backing up on Servers

Backing up on flashes and DVDs.

Backing up on another partition

I backed up on another partition without the operating system. This one, I did it in the following

way:

->Clicked start-> all programs -> Accessories -> System tools -> Backup. Then click next and

select backup if you want to backup or restore if you want to restore files. Click next and

follow instructions and then select the file to be backed up.

28

Appendix 3: Installation of Sever Operating Systems

Steps of installing Windows server 2012 R2

When installing windows server 2012 R2 on my computer I followed the following steps as

listed below:-

• I inserted a windows server CD into the computer drive and I restarted the computer.

• When starting again, I pressed F12 to go to boot menu.

• In the boot menu, I selected CD drive to boot from CD and pressed ENTER.

• I then pressed any key to boot from CD.

• The CD was read and it brought some other blue interface.

• I then pressed F8 to agree license terms and conditions.

• I selected partition Local Disk C to install on the operating system.

• Then it asked for the name and the organization and I typed them in ().

• Then the licensing mode was brought to insert in the license key

• Then it asked for the computer name and I inserted in PC IRENE as its name.

• I then set time.

• I decided whether the computer to be a workgroup or a computer Domain.

• I installed the graphics, LAN and sound drivers.

• I then showed the desktop icons which included: My computer, My Documents, My

Network places and explore. How to do this:

Right click on desktop and select properties

Then click on desktop

Click on show desktop icons

Select icons to be shown

Then click on customize desktop button.

29

Then press OK.

• I then set the administrator password (INTERN 2015)

To set the administrator password I right clicked My Computer, then manage, then select

users and groups, then click on user and right clicked administrator selected set password

and then pressed OK.

Installation of Ubuntu 14.04 on a server

You need to make sure the server is set to boot from the cd/dvd drive. You can do this by

going to BIOS and changing the first drive to the cd/dvd drive.

At the boot prompt you will be asked to select the language.

Select basic server install.

Enter app options for language, keyboard layout, network configurations, hostname and

time zone.

You can then choose from several options to configure the hard drive layout. There are

many ways the layout can be configured.

The Ubuntu base system is then installed

I did switch maintenance- cleaning of the PDU, power injector, fans and a cisco catalyst 950

series switches in a 15 rack unit double section rack. The rack had four patch panels where fiber

cables was terminated.

Discussion on proxy server and game server was done by my colleagues. Under the proxy server,

functionality, merits and demerits were discussed. Also my colleagues presented Active directory

Assigning the server a static IP address

I set assigned a static IP address to the server. This helps other computers to easily access the server

due to static IP address it has. Below were the steps that I followed:

Right clicked my network places

Click properties.

Right click local area connection

30

Click properties

Select show icon in notification area when connected.

Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) -> properties.

Then insert in the following: IP address (192.168.17.254), Subnet mask (255.255.255.0) and

Default gateway (192.168.17.1).

Steps of setting and configuring domain controller

Below are the steps of setting and configuring domain controller:

Click Start-> manage your server-> Add or remove role-> Next.

Select role to be added or removed.

I selected Domain controller. Clicked Next->

Then I was taken to the active directory. Clicked Next->

Selected domain controller for a new domain. Clicked Next ->

Selected domain in a new forest.->

Another name was selected MakCHS2. Next->

Database and log folders. Next->

Shared system volume. Next->

DNS registration Diagnostics. Next

Install and configure. Next->

Permissions. Next->

Directory services restore Mode Administrator password. Next->

Summary. Next->

Creating new user

Start-> Manage Your Server -> Manage this server under Domain Controller (Active

Directory) -> Manage users and computer in active directory.

Right clicked on domain name (chs.mak.ac.ug) -> New > User. Then type in the first and

last name, initials, login name and password.

31

Creating groups

I also created groups on server for example administrator, finance and marketing groups. I also

enabled and disabled users by right clicking on user and selected enable to enable or disable to disable

user.

Steps of configured DHCP and Mail

Configuring DHCP

I configured DHCP server following the steps below:

I clicked start-> manage your server-> remove or add role-> selected DHCP server.

I named it MakCHS and gave a description MakCHS2015.

I added IP address range; this is Start IP address (192.168.17.2) and End IP address

(192.168.17.90. Inserted length 24 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0.

Added exclusions (IP addresses) which included 192.168.17.10 (start address) to

192.168.10.20 (end address).

I selected lease duration (7days). This specifies how long a client can use an IP address

without changing.

Then I inserted in the Domain Name and DNS server. Parent domain: chs.mak.ac.ug,

Server name: MakCHS and IP address: 192.168.17.25. Then next and I finished.

Configuring Mail server

Clicked start-> manage your server-> remove or add role-> selected Mail server.

I then configured pop3 service.

I then inserted the Email domain name (chs.mak.ac.ug). ->next

Then finished.

Firewalls

32

A firewall is a network security system that controls the incoming & outgoing network traffic

based on an applied rules set. A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted, secure

internal network and another network for example the Internet that is assumed not to be secure and

trusted.

Firewalls are of different types for example

Application-layer firewalls which work on the application level of the TCP/IPstack, and may

intercept all packets traveling to or from an application. They block other packets.

Network layer firewalls, also called packet filters, operate at a relatively low level of the TCP/IP

protocol stack, not allowing packets to pass through the firewall unless they match the established

rule set. Rules are set by s system administrator.

Stateless firewalls require less memory, and can be faster for simple filters that require less time to

filter than to look up a session as well as filter stateless network protocols though they cannot work

on more complex networks.

A proxy server a proxy server is a gateway from one network to another for a specific network

application, in the sense that it functions as a proxy on behalf of the network user. It runs on either

dedicated hardware or software for a machine

An illustration of a firewall between a LAN and a WAN

33

Appendix 4: Cable Termination

Steps I followed when terminating cables

I terminated a cable straight, I used a creeping tool to cut off the insulator on both ends of the

cable.

I made the wires inside straight, cut off the middle insulator and then I paired the wires using

standard A as shown.

I leveled the wires using a creeping tool and then inserted them into the RJ45. In this, I made sure

that the wires take on their own positions and that they reach the other end so as to be well

connected.

I did this on both end and tested the wire with a cable tester and it was well terminated.

Standard A

In standard A, the colors were arranged in the order below from left to right during the

termination of the straight through cables.

White green Green

White orange Blue

White blue Orange

White brown Brown

Standard A wire arrangement

Standard B

In standard B, the colors were arranged in the order below from left to right during the

termination of the straight through cables.

White orange Orange

White green Blue

White blue Green

34

White brown Brown

Standard B wire arrangement

35

Appendix 5: Packet Tracer Project

Implementation:

The following are the steps I followed to implement the above project.

Firstly I placed the networking equipment and end devices in place. Renamed the equipment and

devices accordingly depending on which school they are to belong to.

Then I clicked the switch to added six VLANs from VLAN2 to VLAN 7. I awarded the VLANs default

gateways which were the first usable addresses in the networks. Then I started the VLAN such that

it can be running.

I then awarded ports on the switch to the different VLANs created. After this I made the connection

to the router a trunk connection.

I then connected the different devices to the ports that belong to their VLANs.

Then I configured the router by adding sub interfaces and connecting them to the VLANs on the

different switches.

Then I configured the DHCP server by adding server pools for the different VLANS on the network.

To finalize the configurations, I configured the wireless access points by adding the maximum

number of computers to connect at a given time.

Tables showing subnetted addresses for each LAN 1, 2, and 3 respectively

LAN 1 192.168.0.0/29 (255.255.255.248)

Network 192.168.0.0 192.168.0.8 192.168.0.16 192.168.0.24 192.168.0.32 192.168.0.40 192.168.0.48 192.168.0.56

1st usable 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.9 192.168.0.17 192.168.0.25 192.168.0.33 192.168.0.41 192.168.0.49 192.168.0.57

last 192.168.0.6 192.168.0.14 192.168.0.22 192.168.0.30 192.168.0.38 192.168.0.46 192.168.0.54 192.168.0.62

36

B/cast 192.168.0.7 192.168.0.15 192.168.0.23 192.168.0.31 192.168.0.39 192.168.0.47 192.168.0.55 192.168.0.63

LAN 2 192.168.0.64/29 (255.255.255.248)

LAN 3 192.168.0.129/29 (255.255.255.248)

Network 192.168.0.64 192.168.0.72 192.168.0.80 192.168.0.88 192.168.0.96 192.168.0.104 192.168.0.112 192.168.0.120

1st usable 192.168.0.63 192.168.0.73 192.168.0.81 192.168.0.89 192.168.0.97 192.168.0.105 192.168.0.113 192.168.0.121

last 192.168.0.70 192.168.0.78 192.168.0.86 192.168.0.94 192.168.0.102 192.168.0.110 192.168.0.118 192.168.0.126

B/cast 192.168.0.71 192.168.0.79 192.168.0.87 192.168.0.95 192.168.0.103 192.168.0.111 192.168.0.119 192.168.0.127

Network 192.168.0.128 192.168.0.136 192.168.0.144 192.168.0.152 192.168.0.160 192.168.0.168 192.168.0.176 192.168.0.184

1st usable 192.168.0.129 192.168.0.137 192.168.0.145 192.168.0.153 192.168.0.161 192.168.0.169 192.168.0.177 192.168.0.185

last 192.168.0.134 192.168.0.142 192.168.0.150 192.168.0.158 192.168.0.166 192.168.0.174 192.168.0.182 192.168.0.190

B/cast 192.168.0.135 192.168.0.143 192.168.0.151 192.168.0.159 192.168.0.167 192.168.0.175 192.168.0.183 192.168.0.191

38

My Packet Tracer Project

Central Router Configurations

Router#sh run

Building configuration...

Current configuration: 3344 bytes

version 12.4

no service timestamps log datetime msec

no service timestamps debug datetime msec

no service password-encryption

hostname Router

no ip cef

no ipv6 cef

spanning-tree mode pvst

39

interface FastEthernet0/0

no ip address

duplex auto

speed auto

interface FastEthernet0/0.10

encapsulation dot1Q 10

ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.248

ip helper-address 192.168.1.2



ip address 192.168.0.33 255.255.255.248




ip address 192.168.0.9 255.255.255.248




ip address 192.168.0.17 255.255.255.248




ip address 192.168.0.25 255.255.255.248


40



ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.252




ip address 192.168.0.57 255.255.255.248


no ip address

duplex auto

speed auto



ip address 192.168.0.73 255.255.255.248




ip address 192.168.0.97 255.255.255.248




ip address 192.168.0.81 255.255.255.248



41


ip address 192.168.0.89 255.255.255.248




ip address 192.168.0.65 255.255.255.248




ip address 192.168.1.9 255.255.255.252




ip address 192.168.0.113 255.255.255.248


interface Ethernet0/0/0

no ip address

duplex auto

speed auto

interface Ethernet0/0/0.15


ip address 192.168.0.129 255.255.255.248



42


ip address 192.168.0.137 255.255.255.248




ip address 192.168.0.145 255.255.255.248




ip address 192.168.0.153 255.255.255.248




ip address 192.168.0.161 255.255.255.248




ip address 192.168.1.13 255.255.255.252



ip address 192.168.0.177 255.255.255.248

interface Serial0/2/0

no ip address

clock rate 2000000

43

shutdown


ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252

duplex auto

speed auto

interface Vlan1

no ip address

shutdown

ip classless

ip flow-export version 9

no cdp run

line con 0

line aux 0

line vty 0 4

login

end

44

Appendix 6: PHP and MySQL Code

<?php

//Pick data from the form

$fname = $_POST['fname'];

$lname = $_POST['lnames'];

$gender = $_POST['sex'];

$dateofbirth = $_POST['dob'];

$Indexno = $_POST['indexno'];

$Healths= $_POST['hstatus'];

$entrydt = $_POST['ent'];

$PrevSchGd = $_POST['prevg'];

$PrevSch = $_POST['prev'];

$Disct = $_POST['dist'];

$Parent = $_POST['par'];

$HouseName = $_POST['houseN'];

$usrname = $_POST['username'];

$pwd = $_POST['pwd'];

$url1 = "student_register.html";

$url2 = "class.html";

$url3 = "teacher.html";

$url4 = "subject.html";

$url5 = "mark.html";

$url6 = "house.html";

echo "Studnet:".$fname. $lname. " Has been received into the System!";

//Connection to the Database

mysql_connect("localhost","root","");

//Select the Database to use

mysql_query("use student") or die(mysql_error());

//Insert Data into the Table

if ( mysql_query("insert into student values('', '$fname', '$lname', '$gender', '$dateofbirth',

'$Indexno', '$Healths', '$entrydt', '$PrevSchGd','$PrevSch', '$Disct', '$Parent', '$HouseName')"))

{

echo " Student Information Stored!";

}

else

{

die(mysql_error());

//Select Data into the Table

if (mysql_query("select * from register where uname='$usrname' && password='$pwd' "))

{

echo "You are now lodged in";

}

else

{

echo "Your username or password didn’t match ";

}

45

echo " Please Click here to <a href=\"" . $url1 . "\"> REGISTER STUDENT</a>";

echo " Please Click here to <a href=\"" . $url2 . "\"> REGISTER CLASS</a>";

echo " Please Click here to <a href=\"" . $url3 . "\"> REGISTER TEACHER</a>";

echo " Please Click here to <a href=\"" . $url4 . "\"> REGISTER SUBJECT</a>";

echo " Please Click here to <a href=\"" . $url5 . "\"> ENTER STUDENT'S

MARKS</a>";

echo " Please Click here to <a href=\"" . $url6 . "\"> ENTER HOUSE</a>";

echo " Please Click here to <a href=studentlist.php> LIST OF STUDENTS</a>";

?>

Screenshot of the Index Page of the Website

46

Appendix 7: Pictorial

My field supervisor explaining the connections in a rack A creeping tool

My fellow intern doing maintenance I was doing maintenance

Dickens 17 August

Documents

Transcript of Dickens 17 August