DICHOTOMOUS KEYS:a set of paired statements that describe physical characteristics of different organisms

DICHOTOMOUS KEY: NAME THAT POTATO CHIP!

? ? ? ? ? ? ?

NOW IT’S YOUR TURN TO PRACTICE USING A DICHOTOMOUS KEY!!

• Practice classifying North Carolina leaves, fish, and norns (aliens!) by using the dichotomous keys in your packet.

fish

NC Leaf Norn

CLADOGRAMS:a diagram that shows evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Based on PHYLOGENY: the evolutionary history of a species

Doesn’t focus only physical characteristics, looks at evolutionary history insteadCladograms can also be called

phylogenetic trees.

DERIVED TRAITS TRAITS = CHARACTERISTICS

Derived traits are characteristics or features that are found in later organisms but not in earlier ones. Derived traits are represented as small tick marks on a cladogram with the name of the trait next them.

• Organisms closer to one another on the tree share a more recent ancestor than the ones farther away from each other.

PRACTICE

Derived Characteristics  Jaws Lungs Claws/

NailsFeathe

rsFur/M. Glands

Hagfish          PerchSalamanderLizardPigeonMouseChimp

PRACTICE

Derived Characteristics  Jaws Lungs Claws/

NailsFeathe

rsFur/M. Glands

Hagfish          Perch xSalamanderLizardPigeonMouseChimp

PRACTICE

Derived Characteristics  Jaws Lungs Claws/

NailsFeathe

rsFur/M. Glands

Hagfish          Perch xSalamander

x x

LizardPigeonMouseChimp

PRACTICE

Derived Characteristics  Jaws Lungs Claws/

NailsFeathe

rsFur/M. Glands

Hagfish          Perch xSalamander

x x

Lizard x x xPigeonMouseChimp

PRACTICE

Derived Characteristics  Jaws Lungs Claws/

NailsFeathe

rsFur/M. Glands

Hagfish          Perch xSalamander

x x

Lizard x x xPigeon x x x xMouseChimp

PRACTICE

Derived Characteristics  Jaws Lungs Claws/

NailsFeathe

rsFur/M. Glands

Hagfish          Perch xSalamander

x x

Lizard x x xPigeon x x x xMouse x x x xChimp

PRACTICE

Derived Characteristics  Jaws Lungs Claws/

NailsFeathe

rsFur/M. Glands

Hagfish          Perch xSalamander

x x

Lizard x x xPigeon x x x xMouse x x x xChimp x x x x

Derived Characteristics  Jaws Lungs Claws/

NailsFeathe

rsFur/M. Glands

Hagfish          Perch xSalamander

x x

Lizard x x xPigeon x x x xMouse x x x xChimp x x x x

You can also use this table to construct a cladogram!

Hagfish perch salamander lizard pigeon mouse chimp

• To help you, you can make a venn diagram.

Now you can use your venn diagram to fill out the cladogram:

Hagfish perch salamander lizard pigeon mouse chimp

hagfish

Jaws

perchsalamanderlizardpigeon mouse chimp

LungsClaws or Nails

feathers

Fur; Mammary Glands

Jaws Lungs Claws/Nails

Feathers

Fur/M. Glands