Diamond Paints

7/22/2019 Diamond Paints

1/20

@cdnb Urfojlt

1:/Hny/15>>

\uahcttjk [f?

\cr Mnhhnk Nsmrn`

Bnmfrj Auscdjss \lmffbZdcvjrscty f` Bnmfrj

>-GH Kj`jdlj Qfnk, Amfptcnd Lmfwg

Bnmfrj, Ungcstnd

\uahcttjk Ay?Nbc Nrsmnk HAN5153:1


2/20

Djw Urfkult Kjvjbfphjdt

1 | U n i j

[nabj f` LfdtjdtsC. Dftj...................................................................................................................................... ;

CC. Lfhpndys Cdtrfkultcfd................................................................................................... ;

N. Pcscfd \tntjhjdt .................................................................................................................. ;A. Hcsscfd \tntjhjdt & Ndnbyscs............................................................................................. :

CCC. Uncdt Cdkustry cd Ungcstnd ................................................................................................ :

CP. Hnrgjt [rjdk & Hnrgjt Irfwtm .................................................................................... 0

P. Jxtjrdnb Jdvcrfdhjdtnb .................................................................................................... 9

N. UJ\[BJ Ndnbyscs ................................................................................................................ 9

>. Ufbctclnb & Bjinb? ............................................................................................................. 9

1. Jlfdfhcl?......................................................................................................................... 9

. [mrjnt f` \uastctutj Urfkults? Hjkcuh ........................................................................... 3

1. [mrjnt f` Djw Jdtrndts? Mcim .......................................................................................... 3

5

:. Qcvnbry nhfdi Lfhpjtctfrs? Mcim ................................................................................. >5

A. Lfhpjtctcvj Ndnbyscs ......................................................................................................... >5

PCC. Cdtjrdnb Jdvcrfdhjdt Nukct ........................................................................................... >>

N. Pnbuj Lmncd Ndnbyscs ........................................................................................................ >>

>. Urchnry Nltcvctcjs .......................................................................................................... >>

1. \jlfdknry Nltcvctcjs ...................................................................................................... >1

A. \YF[ Ndnbyscs? ................................................................................................................ >1

PCCC. Cdtjrvcjw wctm tmj f``clcnbs f` Kcnhfdk Uncdts ............................................................. >. Mfw kck Kcnhfdk Uncdts ijdjrntj tmj lfdljpt tf cdtrfkulj Kurnscbg6 ......................... >


3/20


Unij | :

A. Jvnbuntcfd \tnij ................................................................................................................ >=

>. Mfw mnvj yfu hnkj tmj pjrljdtnijs `fr N[NQ hfkjb6 ............................................... >=

L. Bnudlm \tnij?..................................................................................................................... >=

>. Ymnt wjrj tmj strntjicl pbnt`frh kjlcscfds Kcnhfdk Uncdts hnkj nt tmj bnudlm f`

Kurnscbg6 ................................................................................................................................ >=

1. Hfrj tmnd 35% prfkults `ncb nt bnudlm stnij. Ymnt kck Kcnhfdk Uncdts kf tf nvfck

tmcs6 ........................................................................................................................................ >3

C]. Qj`jrjdljs ........................................................................................................................ >3

]. ^ujstcfddncrj ................................................................................................................... 15N. Fppfrtudcty Ckjdtc`clntcfd & Lfdljpt Ijdjrntcfd? ........................................................... 15

A. Lfdljpt Jvnbuntcfd? ........................................................................................................... 15

L. Kjvjbfphjdt \tnij? ........................................................................................................... 15

K. Bnudlm \tnij?..................................................................................................................... 15


4/20


; | U n i j

C. Dftj[mcs rjpfrt cs prjpnrjk `rfh sfurljs ndk kntn wmclm wj ajbcjvj tf aj rjbcnabj, aut wj hngj df

rjprjsjdtntcfd ns tf cts nllurnly fr lfhpbjtjdjss. [mj rjpfrt cs prfvckjk sfbjby `fr cd`frhntcfdnb

purpfsjs `fr Djw Urfkult Kjvjbfphjdt ndk cs dft tf aj lfdstrujk ns prfvckcdi nkvclj, nllurntj

rjlfhhjdkntcfds fr rjprjsjdtntcfds f` ndy gcdk wmntsfjvjr. Fpcdcfds ndk cd`frhntcfd prfvckjknrj hnkj ns f` tmj kntj f` tmj rjpfrt stnrtjk.

CC. Lfhpndys Cdtrfkultcfd

Uncdt cs kj`cdjk ns tmj irfup f` jhubscfds, lfdscstcdi f` pcihjdts suspjdkjk cd n bcquck hjkcuh,

`fr usj ns kjlfrntcvj fr prftjltcvj lfntcdis. [fkny, lfdtjhpfrnry pncdts ndk lfntcdis lfdscst f`

lfudtbjss lfhpfudks udcqujby `frhubntjk tf `ub`cbb tmj vnrcjk rjqucrjhjdts f` mudkrjks f`

tmfusndks f` nppbclntcfds. "Uncdt" rndijs `rfh tmj arfnk irfup f` jdvcrfdhjdtnbby-sfudk bntjx

pncdts tmnt hndy lfdsuhjrs usj tf kjlfrntj ndk prftjlt tmjcr mfhjs ndk tmj trndsbuljdt lfntcdis

tmnt bcdj tmj cdtjrcfr f` `ffk lfdtncdjrs, tf tmj lmjhclnbby-lfhpbjx, hubtc-lfhpfdjdt `cdcsmjs

tmnt nutfhfacbj hndu`nlturjrs nppby fd tmj nssjhaby bcdj. (Jarnmch Gmrncs, 155=)

Kcnhfdk Uncdts Uvt. Bchctjk wns `fudkjk cd >3=1 wctm tmj vcscfd f` ajlfhcdi tmj bnrijst

hndu`nlturjr f` qunbcty pncdt ndk lfntcdi prfkults. Ay jdinicdi sfhj f` tmj cdkustry's ajst

rjsfurljs, tmj lfhpndy nlmcjvjk tmj mcimjst stndknrks f` hndu`nlturcdi. [mcs turdjk fut tf aj

vnbuj nkkcdi ndk hnkj Kcnhfdk Uncdts tmj bjnkjr nhfdi tmj dntcfdnb hndu`nlturjrs, wmcbj

lfhpjtcdi wctm tmj hubtcdntcfdnbs. Cdctcnbby, tmj fpjrntcfds stnrtjk f`` wctm tmj hndu`nlturcdi f`

sydtmjtcl ndk stfvcdi, jdnhjb prfkults. [mjsj pnvjk wny tf rjsjnrlm ndk kjvjbfphjdt f` djwprfkults. [fkny, tmj lfhpndy cs tmj fdby fdj cd tmj lfudtry tmnt prfkuljs cts fwd Nbgyk rjscds

ns wjbb ns pfwkjr lfntcdi prfkults. Kcnhfdk Uncdts cs tmj fdby bflnb lfhpndy wmclm mns tmj

wckjst ndk hfst lfhprjmjdscvj rndij f` prfkults `fr aftm cdkustrcnb ndk kjlfrntcvj djjks f` tmj

hnrgjt. Kcnhfdk Uncdts mns nbb nbfdi hncdtncdjk nd nppfsctj cdtjrnltcvj bjvjb wctm tmjcr lbcjdtjbj

cd tmj `frh f` j``clcjdt lustfhjr sjrvclj. Lfhhcthjdt tf prf`jsscfdnb jxljbbjdlj mns hnkj

Kcnhfdk Uncdts tmj bnrijst sjbbcdi dntcfdnb arndk wctm n snbjs djtwfrg spnddcdi nbb nlrfss

Ungcstnd.

N. Pcscfd \tntjhjdt[f ajlfhj tmj bnrijst hndu`nlturjr f` qunbcty pncdt ndk lfntcdi prfkults


5/20


Unij | :

A. Hcsscfd \tntjhjdt & NdnbyscsKcnhfdk Uncdts hcsscfd cs tf ajlfhj n ibfanb bjnkjr cd Uncdts & Lfntcdis cdkustry, sjrvcdi tmj

djjks `rfh lustfhjrs tf shnbb lfhpndcjs tf hubtc-dntcfdnb lfrpfrntj. Fur hcsscfd ndk

rjspfdscacbcty ns n pncdts ndk tjxturjs prfvckjr cs tf?

Urfvckj tmj ajst pncdt nvncbnabj cd tmj lfudtry

Hncdtncd tmj mcimjst bjvjb f` lustfhjr sntcs`nltcfd ndk sjrvclj

@frh strntjicl nbbcndljs ndk pnrtdjrsmcps

\.D Jbjhjdts Ndnbyscs

> Urfkult ndk \jrvclj Urfkult & \jrvclj Aftm

1 Lustfhjrs \ntcs`nltcfd cd Uncdt ûnbcty

< Hnrgjt Cdtjirntjk

; [jlmdfbfiy Bntjst

: Umcbfsfpmy ûnbcty ndk Qjbcnacbcty

9 Lfdljrd `fr \flcjty ûnbcty Lfdslcfus

= Lfdljrd `fr Jhpbfyjjs [rncdcdi ndk Hftcvntcfd

3 Lfrj Lfhpjtctcfd Fwd Qjscd Hndu`nlturcdi

CCC. Uncdt Cdkustry cd Ungcstnd

Fdj f` tmj `crst cdkustrcjs f` Ungcstnd - tmj pncdt cdkustry - tfkny wj mnvj cs fdj f` tmj hfsthfkjrd `fr bflnbby prfkuljk pncdts, vnrdcsmjs ndk nbbcjk prfkults cd tmj jxpfrt hnrgjt.

Duhjrfus vnrcjtcjs f` pncdts nrj nvncbnabj, `rfh Kj`jdlj sjrvclj pncdts, kjlfrntcvj & ijdjrnb

sjrvclj, jxtjrcfr ndk cdkustrcnb `cdcsmjs ndk spjlcnb pncdts. Djw vnrcjtcjs nrj ajcdi nkkjk cd n

vnstby cddfvntcvj hnrgjt. Pnrcjtcjs f` vnrdcsmjs prfkuljk nrj f` vjry mcim stndknrks.

[mj pncdt cdkustry cd Ungcstnd fpjrntjs aftm cd tmj frindczjk ns wjbb ns tmj udfrindczjk sjltfrs.

[mjrj nrj nrfudk 11 pncdt prfkulcdi udcts cd tmj frindczjk sjltfr. [mjrj nrj tmrjj hubtcdntcfdnb

lfhpndcjs nbsf cd tmj frindczntcfdnb sjltfr. [mj kntn rjinrkcdi tmj duhajr f` udcts ndk tmj

prfkultcfd f` tmj udfrindczjk sjltfr cs dft nvncbnabj7 tmjrj`frj ct cs kc``clubt tf kjtjrhcdj tmj

tftnb prfkultcfd ndk duhajr f` udcts f` tmj pncdt cdkustry. Nllfrkcdi tf nd jstchntj, fvjr 339-3=, nrfudk >9,555,555 bctjrs f` pncdt wns prfkuljk `rfh =9 udcts. Ungcstnd Uncdt

Hndu`nlturjrs Nssflcntcfd (UUHN) rjprjsjdts tmj frindczjk udcts cd tmj pncdt sjltfr. [mj pncdt

cdkustry usjs nafut


6/20


0 | U n i j

Nafut >: pjrljdt rnw hntjrcnbs f` tmj cdkustry nrj pjtrfbjuh-ansjk. Cd >39>, ajtwjjd =5tf 35

pjrljdt rjqucrjhjdts f` tmj rnw hntjrcnbs wjrj hjt tmrfuim chpfrts, wmclm lurrjdtby mnvj ajjd

rjkuljk tf nafut ;5 pjrljdt kuj tf cdlrjnsjk prfkultcfd f` cdkcijdfus rnw hntjrcnbs. [mj hnofr

rnw hntjrcnbs prfkuljk bflnbby cdlbukj Hcdjrnb [urpjdtcdj, Qjscds, Pjijtnabj Qjscds ndk

Iuhs, wmjrjns rnw hntjrcnbs sulm ns Ucihjdts, _cdl Fxckj, [ctndcuh Fxckj ndk Bctmfpfdj

nrj chpfrtjk. Uncdt cs lntjifrczjk cd twf arfnk lbnssjs7 dnhjby wntjr ansjk pncdt ndk sfbvjdt

ansjk pncdt. [mj cdkustrcjs prfkulj n wckj rndij f` `cdcsmjk ndk cdtjrhjkcntj prfkults wmclm

cdlbukj pcihjdts, kcstjhpjrs, pbnstcl jhubscfd, jdnhjb, udkjrlfnt, prchjrs, ruaajr pncdt, ncrlrn`t

pncdt, hnrcdj pncdt, ndtclfrrfscvj pncdt, ndtc-`fubcdi pncdt, jtl. (Qnsmck, 15>5)

CP. Hnrgjt [rjdk & Hnrgjt Irfwtm

Fdj f` tmj irjntjst fppfrtudctcjs `fr pncdts prfkuljr cs tmnt dfw n kny's pjfpbj nrj vjry hulm

lfdslcfus nafut tmj qunbcty f` tmj pncdts. [mjy nrj nwnrj f` tmj `nlt tmnt iffk qunbcty pncdt csbfdi bnstcdi `fr tmjcr mfusjs ndk auscdjssjs. Uncdts prfkuljrs nrj nbsf cdvjstcdi mjnvy cd

nkvjrtcsjhjdt. Ns n rjsubt lustfhjrs nrj ijttcdi nwnrj f` tmj chpfrtndlj f` pncdt ndk tmjcr trjdks

nrj hfvcdi `rfh trnkctcfdnb wmctj wnsm (GNBC) tf qunbcty pncdts prfkults. Ns prfkuljr

lfhpndcjs f` pncdts wcbb hfrj `flus fd tmj [^H, ct wcbb cdlrjnsj tmj kjhndk f` prfkults. [mjrj

cs nbsf n irjnt fppfrtudcty `fr pncdt cdkustry7 tmj mfuscdi rntj cd Ungcstnd cs `bfurcsmcdi vjry

rnpckby, jspjlcnbby n`tjr tmj Jnrtm ^ungj cd Ungcstnd. Uncdt cdkustry lnd tnrijt tmjsj lustfhjrs.

(Nzmnr, 1553)

[mjrj nrj muij fppfrtudctcjs `fr tmj irfwtm f` pncdt cdkustry cd Ungcstnd. Ndk tmcs cdkustry nbsf

mns smfwd vjry iffk rjsubts cd bnst kjlnkjs. Aut kuj tf jlfdfhcl rjljsscfds ndk ank pfbctclnblfdkctcfd f` Ungcstnd tmcs auscdjss mns kjlbcdjk ay tmj >5%. Aut n`tjr tmj lrjntcfd f` djw

ifvjrdhjdt cd 155=, tmcs auscdjss mns nabj tf cdlrjnsj cts >% smnrj. Nbtmfuim kjlfrntcvj

auscdjss cdlrjnsjk hnrgjt smnrj ay >% ndk cdkustrcnb snbjs nbsf cdlrjnsjk ajlnusj f` tmj vjry

scidc`clndt kjlbcdj cd tmj sczj f` tmj kjlfrntcvj hnrgjt, tmj fvjrnbb rjkultcfd cd snbjs vfbuhj cs

;% ns lfhpnrjk tf tmj prjvcfus yjnr. Mfwjvjr irfss hnricd cdlrjnsjk ay 0% tmrfuim

chprfvjhjdt cd prfkult hcx ndk j``clcjdlcjs cd prflurjhjdt ndk hndu`nlturcdi, wmclm lfupbjk

wctm strcdijdt lfdtrfb fvjr `cxjk lfsts rjsubtjk cd ns fpjrntcdi prf`ct chprfvjhjdt f` >;.;% fvjr

bnst yjnr tf Qs. 101.3 hcbbcfd. (Gmursmck, 1553)

[mj djw ifvjrdhjdt mns cdlrjnsjs tmj ijdjrnb snbjs tnx `rfh >:% tf >0%. [mcs cdlrjnsj lndmurt tmj irfwtm f` tmj pncdt cdkustry. Qjljdtby tmcs cdkustry mns cdlrjnsj tmj >% smnrj aut djw

ifvjrdhjdt pfbclcjs lnd nincd murt tmcs cdkustry. [mj cdlrjnsj cd tnx, jdjriy lrcscs cd Ungcstnd

ndk mcim prcljs f` tmj kjlfrntcvj pncdt prfkults nrj hnofr murkbjs cd tmj irfwtm f` tmcs cdkustry.

Aut tmjrj nrj stcbb lmndljs tf irfw. [mjrj nrj nbhfst :;, 5555,555 pftjdtcnb lustfhjrs cd

Ungcstnd. [mjrj nrj muij fppfrtudctcjs `fr pncdt cdkustry f` Ungcstnd tf jxpfrt tmj pncdt prfkults

tf Hckkbj Jnst ndk N`imndcstnd. C` ifvjrdhjdt icvjs cdljdtcvjs tf pncdt cdkustry cd jxpfrt, tmcs


7/20


Unij | 9

lnd cdlrjnsj cts irfwtm7 ns n rjsubt Ungcstnd wcbb nbsf ijdjrntj tmj mjnvy rjvjdujs. (Gmursmck,

1553)

Qjljdtby djw lfhpjtctfrs nrj lfhcdi cd tmcs cdkustry, wmclm cs tmj scid f` tmj irfwtm f` pncdt

cdkustry. Nllfrkcdi tf cdkustry ndnbysts, tmcs tfuim lfhpjtctcfd, mcim prfhftcfd strntjicjs ndk

cdlrjnscdi trjdk tfwnrk pncdt cdkustry nrj tmj lbjnr lmndljs f` tmj mcim irfwtm cd tmj pncdtcdkustry.

P. Jxtjrdnb Jdvcrfdhjdtnb

N. UJ\[BJ Ndnbyscs

>. Ufbctclnb & Bjinb?Ufbctclnb sctuntcfd cs vctnb `fr ndy auscdjss tf rud shfftmby. Ungcstnds pfbctclnb cdstnacbcty mns bjk

tf udljrtncd jdvcrfdhjdt cd tmj pncdt cdkustry, wmclm cs nbsf n tmrjnt `fr ndy auscdjss cdlbukcdi

Kcnhfdk Uncdts. Lmndij f` ifvjrdhjdt bjnks tf lmndij cd Qubjs & Qjiubntcfds wmclm n``jlts

tmj shfftm `bfw f` auscdjss `fr Kcnhfdk Uncdts. @fr jxnhpbj, bnst ifvjrdhjdt cdtrfkuljk

suasckcjs `fr tmj lmjhclnb sjltfr aut tmj lurrjdt ifvjrdhjdt mns `cdcsmjk nbb suasckcjs. [mj

pfbctclnb cdstnacbcty mns nbsf lrulcnb chpnlt fd Bnw & Frkjr sctuntcfd cd tmj lfudtry. [mj mcim

lfsts f` tmj pjtrfbjuh prfkults, jdjriy lrcscs ndk bnlg f` cd`rnstrulturj nrj tmj hnofr murkbjs cd

tmj irfwtm f` tmcs cdkustry. Ufbctclnb cdstnacbcty ndk afhacdis mnk cdvjrsj j``jlt fd tmj

lfd`ckjdlj f` `frjcid cdvjstfrs. Ndymfw, tmj lurrjdt ifvjrdhjdt cs suppfrtcdi tmj pncdt cdkustry

ndk mns icvjd bjinb rjbcj`s fd pncdt cdkustry. Ct mns nbsf rjkuljk >5% ljdtrnb jxlcsj kuty fd pncdtprfkults.

1. Jlfdfhcl?Cd`bntcfd rjhncds tmj aciijst tmrjnt tf tmj jlfdfhy. [mj surij cd ibfanb pjtrfb prcljs ndk tmus

bflnb pjtrfb prcljs murt tmj auycdi pfwjr f` lfdsuhjrs tmnt rjkulj tmj kjhndk `fr prfkults. Kuj

tf cd`bntcfd tmj lfst f` kfcdi auscdjss mns nbsf ifdj mcimjr. Ifvjrdhjdt mns chpfsjk >0% snbjs

tnx ndk mjnvy kutcjs fd chpfrts f` rnw hntjrcnbs. Uncdts cdkustry f` Ungcstnd chpfrt 9:% f` cts

rnw hntjrcnbs sf chpfrt kutcjs mnvj cdlrjnsjk tmj prfkultcfd lfst tmus kjlrjnscdi tmj prf`ct

hnricd. Qjljsscfdnry lfdkctcfds lfdtcduj tf prjvncb ns tmj ifvjrdhjdt prjssjk fd wctm cts j``frts

tf kfluhjdt tmj jlfdfhy. [mj kjprjssjk lfdstrultcfd cdkustry ndk tmj sbfw trnkcdi cdkustry ndk

tmj sbfw trnkcdi jdvcrfdhjdt rjsubtjk cd nd fvjrnbb hnrgjt smrcdgnij cd tmj kjlfrntcvj auscdjss

ay >5%. Nincdst tmcs anlg krfp tmj auscdjss mfwjvjr mns nabj tf cdlrjnsj cts hnrgjt smnrj ay >%

tmrfuim cts nkvjrtcscdi ndk prfhftcfdnb lnhpncids ndk j``jltcvj n`tjr snbj sjrvclj. [mj cdkustrcnb


8/20


= | U n i j

auscdjss lfdtcdujk tf kjbcvjr n rfaust pjr`frhndlj krcvjd ay pjdjtrntcfd f` djw hnrgjt

sjihjdts wctmcd tmj ijdjrnb cdkustry sjltfr.

=9,(15>> jst.) ndk ct cs cdlrjnscdi

nt n rntj f` >.:9>jst.). Lfdsjqujdtby, tf hjjt tmj kjhndks f` n rnpckby cdlrjnscdi

pfpubntcfd, tmjrj cs nd cdlrjnsj cd tmj duhajr f` lfdstrultcfd prfojlts cd Ungcstnd wmclm cs n

pfsctcvj scid `fr Kcnhfdk Uncdts.

;. [jlmdfbficlnb?[jlmdfbfiy cd pncdt cdkustry mns chprfvjk scidc`clndtby cd pnst `jw yjnrs. Nllfrkcdi tf n hnrgjtrjsjnrlm, tmj tjlmdfbfiy cd pncdt cdkustry mns lmndijk hfrj cd tmj bnst jcimt yjnrs tmnd cd tmj

pnst jcimty yjnrs. Kcnhfdk Uncdts cs df jxljptcfd tf ftmjrs. [mjy nrj jqucppjk wctm bntjst

hnlmcdjry ndk tmjy nrj tmj fdby lfhpndy cd Ungcstnd wmclm cs prfkulcdi cts fwd rjscds ns wjbb

ns pfwkjr lfntcdi prfkults.

:. Jdvcrfdhjdtnb?Cd rjljdt yjnrs, pncdt cdkustry mns smfwd n bft f` lfdljrd `fr sflcjty. Cdkustry cs vjry lfdslcfus

nafut jdvcrfdhjdtnb pfbbutcfd wmclm fllurs ajlnusj f` tmj prfkultcfd f` pncdts. [mj cdkustry

mns muij `flus fd tmj \M&J. [mj pncdt prfkuljrs nrj trycdi tf prfkulj tmfsj prfkults wmclm nrj`rjj `rfh tmj mnrhùb lmjhclnbs. Yctm tmjsj lfdljrds, Kcnhfdk Uncdts mns cdtrfkuljk bjnk-`rjj

pncdts `fr mfhj usjrs wmclm nrj dft mnrhùb `fr lmcbkrjd ndk nkubts.

0. Ibfanb?Ibfanbby Kcnhfdk pncdt mns dft jdtjrjk hndy lfudtrcjs. Kcnhfdk Uncdts mns bchctjk cts hnrgjt

tf djcimafrcdi lfudtrcjs fdby ndk tmjy mnvj n hnofr kcstrcautcfd cd Nìmndcstnd. [mjy ijt >:%

f` tmj tftnb snbjs `rfh Nìmndcstnd. Cd ùturj, tmjy mnvj pbnds f` jdtjrcdi tmj Hckkbj Jnstjrd ndk

ljdtrnb Nscnd hnrgjts.

9. Kjhfirnpmcl?Kcnhfdk pncdts hnrgjt cs kcstrcautjk nhfdi twf irfups, lfdsuhjrs ndk kcstrcautfrs. Cd

lfdsuhjrs tmj tnrijt hnrgjt cs ùrtmjr kcvckjk cdtf twf sjihjdts c.j. ûnbcty lfdslcfus ndk Urclj

lfdslcfus. @fr qunbcty lfdslcfus lfdsuhjrs, Kcnhfdk pncdts mnvj bnudlmjk Nlj. [mcs cs n


9/20


Unij | 3

prjhcuh qunbcty sjrcjs ndk cs jqunb cd qunbcty wctm ndy ftmjr hubtcdntcfdnb pncdt lfhpndcjs cd

Ungcstnd. @fr Urclj lfdslcfus lfdsuhjrs, kcnhfdk pncdts mnvj twf prfkult sjrcjs dnhjby

Fvjrnbb sjrcjs ndk Pnbuj sjrcjs. Nbb tmj pncdt kcstrcautfrs nrj tnrijtjk ns n mfhfijdfus

sjihjdt.

PC. @cvj @frljs Hfkjb f` Lfhpjtctcfd

Lfhpjtctcvj @frljs [mrjnt tf cdkustry Urf`ctnacbctyBfw Hjkcuh Mcim

Anrincdcdi Ufwjr f` Auyjrs

[mrjnt f` djw jdtrndts

Anrincdcdi Ufwjr f` suppbcjrs

[mrjnt f` suastctutjs prfkults

Qcvnbry nhfdi lfhpjtctfrs

>. [mrjnt f` \uastctutj Urfkults? Hjkcuh

Nbtmfuim prfkults sulm ns kcstjhpjr (lmffdn), wnbbpnpjr, tcbjs jtlnrj nvncbnabj aut lustfhjrsnrj dft bcgjby tf suastctutj tmjh `fr pncdts ns ct wfubk lfhprfhcsj fd qunbcty ndk nt tmj snhj

tchj wfubk dft sjrvjr tmj purpfsj.

[mj irfwcdi smnrj f` lfhpndcjs cd tmj udfrindczjk sjltfr prfvckjs n bfw prclj suastctutj.

1. [mrjnt f` Djw Jdtrndts? Mcim Yctm rjinrk tf tmj pncdt cdkustry cd Ungcstnd, tmjrj cs n mcim tmrjnt f` djw jdtrndts. [mj hncd

rjnsfd `fr tmcs ajcdi bfw jdtry anrrcjrs, ns tmjrj cs df rjqucrjhjdt f` mcim lnpctnb cdvjsthjdt tf

jdtjr tmj pncdt auscdjss.

Nbsf, tmjrj nrj df prfprcjtnry prfkult kc``jrjdlj ndk bfw swctlmcdi lfsts wmclm puts tmj pmrnsjarndk bfynbty cdtf ojfpnrky.

Ymnt hngj tmj pncdt cdkustry nttrnltcvj `fr djwlfhjrs cs nbsf tmj jnsj f` nlqucrcdi sgcbbjkpjfpbj, hntjrcnb ndk suppbcjs. Hfrjfvjr, bnlg f` bfdi tjrh lfdtrnlts nbsf lfdtrcautjs tfwnrks tmjnttrnltcvjdjss f` tmj cdkustry `fr tmj djwlfhjrs.

Mfwjvjr, tmjrj nrj jstnabcsmjk arndk ckjdtctcjs ns wjbb ns lfdsfbckntjk kcstrcautcfd lmnddjbs tfaj nlljssjk wmclm wfubk rjsubt cd strfdi rjtnbcntcfd tf aj `nljk ay tmj djwlfhjrs.

\ulm cs nd jxnhpbj f` Dcppfd wmf sjt up cts auscdjss cd Ungcstnd rjljdtby.


10/20


>5 | U n i j

[mj anrincdcdi pfwjr f` jdk usjrs mfwjvjr, cs bfw ajlnusj tmjrj n bnrij duhajr f` auyjrs, jnlmwctm rjbntcvjby shnbb purlmnsjs.

Cd nkkctcfd tf tmcs, tmj frindczjk pncdt sjltfr mns nbsf nlljptjk arndkcdi wmclm lrjntjs bfynbtyndk kjlrjnsjs tmj prclj sjdsctcvcty, rjsubtcdi cd bfw anrincdcdi pfwjr f` auyjrs.

;. Anrincdcdi Ufwjr f` \uppbcjrs? Hjkcuh

Anrincdcdi pfwjr f` suppbcjrs cs bfw cd tmj kjlfrntcvj sjihjdt ns cdputs rjqucrjk nrjlfhhfkctcjs ndk tmjrj nrj duhajrs f` suppbcjrs nvncbnabj wmf nrj `cimtcdi `fr n shnbb hnrgjt.

Mfwjvjr, scdlj aci lfhpndcjs `cimt fd tmj qunbcty kchjdscfd ndk lnddft swctlm tmjcr suppbcjrsnrj cd n pfsctcfd tf djiftcntj tmjcr tjrhs upfd prfvckcdi tmj kjscrjk rnw hntjrcnb wmclm hngjs

tmj fvjrnbb anrincdcdi pfwjr f` suppbcjrs hfkjrntj.

:. Qcvnbry nhfdi Lfhpjtctfrs? Mcim

[mj pncdt cdkustry lnd aj lmnrnltjrczjk ns n `rnihjdtjk cdkustry kcvckjk cdtf tmj frindczjk ndk

udfrindczjk sjltfr.

[mj udfrindczjk strulturj cs tmj aciijst tmrjnt `fr jstnabcsmjk arndks.

A. Lfhpjtctcvj NdnbyscsKcnhfdk pncdts cs `nlcdi strfdi lfhpjtctcfd `rfh Ajrijr Uncdts, Hnstjr, CLC, \cbgy, Auxbuy ndk

\cbvjr \ndk. Ajlnusj f` tmjsj lfhpjtctfrs, Kcnhfdk pncdts Ungcstnd cs `nlcdi n sjrcfus prfabjh

cd nttrnltcdi djw lustfhjrs ndk rjtncd tmjcr jxcstcdi lustfhjr. Cd frkjr tf hjjt tmj lfhpjtctfrs,

Kcnhfdk pncdts mns tf spjdt hfrj hfdjy fd nkvjrtcscdi, prfhftcfdnb nltcvctcjs ndk nrjn

lfvjrnij `fr tmjcr lustfhjr sntcs`nltcfd. Qjljdtby djw lfhpjtctfrs nrj lfhcdi cd tmcs cdkustry,

wmclm cs tmj scid f` tmj Irfwtm f` pncdt cdkustry. Nllfrkcdi tf cdkustry ndnbysts, tmcs tfuim

lfhpjtctcfd, mcim prfhftcfd strntjicjs ndk cdlrjnscdi trjdk tfwnrk pncdt cdkustry nrj tmj lbjnr

lmndljs f` tmj mcim irfwtm cd tmj pncdt cdkustry.


11/20


Unij | >>

PCC. Cdtjrdnb Jdvcrfdhjdt Nukct

N. Pnbuj Lmncd Ndnbyscs

>. Urchnry Nltcvctcjs

n) Cdaf udk Bfi cst cls?

Kcnhfdk pncdts hncdby chpfrts [ctndcuh, Lflfdut fcb, Bnhfdcd ndk Lfbfrs/Kyjs. [mj tctndcuh

nrj chpfrtjk cd bnrij qundtcty c.j. lfdtncdjrs `rfh Z\N. [mj lflfdut fcb cs usjk cd Qjscd

hndu`nlturcdi ndk ct cs chpfrtjk `rfh Umcbcppcdj ndk [mncbndk. Bnhfdcd cs usjk cd Qjscd ndk ct

cs chpfrtjk `rfh Lmcdn. [mj lfbfrs ndk kyjs nrj f` vnrcfus lfbfrs nrj chpfrtjk `rfh lmcdn ay

rfnk. [mj trulgs ndk lfdtncdjrs nrj arfuimt fd rjdt wmjd tmjy lrfss Ungcstnd afrkjr.

a) Fpjrntcfds?

@crst f` nbb tmj hntjrcnb arfuimt cs udbfnkjk tf tmj `nltfry ndk cs ajcdi stfrjk cd djljssnry

jdvcrfdhjdt ndk nbb tmj stflg rjlfrk cs hncdtncdjk. [mj prfkultcfd mnbb sjdks tmj rjqucsctcfd tf

stfrnij `fr pncdt hndu`nlturcdi. [mj bna npprfvjs tmj rjqucsctcfd. [mjd tmj rjqucrjk qundtcty cs

kjbcvjrjk `rfh stfrnij mnbb tf prfkultcfd mnbb. [mj prfkultcfd mnbb prfkuljs tmj antlm f` pncdts

ndk sfhj f` tmj snhpbjs nrj icvjd cd tmj bna ndk tmj bna npprfvjs cts qundtcty ndk stndknrk. Fdlj

npprfvjk, ct cs sjdt tf `cbbcdi mnbb. N`tjr tmj `cbbcdi tmj afxjs nrj sjdt tf kcstrcautcfd. [mj

kcstrcautcfd kjpnrthjdt kjbcvjrs tmj pncdt afxjs tf tmj kjnbjrs fd tmj @C@F anscs. Nbb tmj pncds

ndk tmjcr smnkj lnrks nrj nbsf icvjd tf tmj kjnbjrs wmclm nrj npprfvjk ay tmj bnas.

l) Futafudk Bfics t cls ?

[mj Lfhpndy usjs cts fwd trndspfrtntcfd tmnt cdlbukjs bcimt ndk mjnvy vjmclbjs `fr tmj purpfsj

f` prfvckcdi tmj pncdt wmclm cdlbukjs tmj pncdt, tmj snhpbjs, tmj jhubscfds, jdnhjb pncdts ndk

tmjcr n`tjr snbjs sjrvcljs. [mj pncdt cs kcstrcautjk tf kc``jrjdt lctcjs, `rfh Iuorndwnbn tf Iuonrnt.

Kcnhfdk pncdts cs nbsf jxpfrtjk tf N`imndcstnd cd rjdtjk lfdtncdjrs.

k) Hnrgjtcdi & \nbjs?

Kcnhfdk pncdt usjs smfp afnrks ns n hnrgjtcdi tffb `fr tmjcr kc``jrjdt prfkults. Hr. ^nyyuh cstmjcr hnrgjtcdi supjrvcsfr. [mj mnvj icvjnwnys `fr tmj pncdtjrs ndk jxjlutcvjs. [f pncdtjrs tmjy

icvj gjy lmncds, lnps, smcrts ndk wnbbjt wmjrjns jxjlutcvjs ijt `fbkjrs, wnbbjt ndk kncrcjs. [mjcr

arndkcdi cs nbsf kfdj cd tmj hnrgjtcdi kjpnrthjdt wmjrj nltcvctcjs nrj cdvfbvjk `rfh kjscidcdi

tf pnlgnicdi. \fhj pnrt f` nkvjrtcscdi cs futsfurljk tf \ydjriy wmjrj tmjy hngj [PLs, hjkcn

lnhpncids ndk A[Bs.


12/20


>1 | U n i j

j) Lustfhjr \jrvclj?

[mjcr lustfhjr sjrvclj cdlbukjs lfbfr lfdsubtcdi tf tmj lustfhjrs ansjk fd tmjcr rjqucrjhjdts

ndk djjks. Nbb tmj rjqujsts rjinrkcdi ndy prfabjhs fr nhaciuctcjs fd mfw tf sjbjlt tmj rcimt

lfbfrs nrj jdtjrtncdjk ay tmj jxpjrts fr kjnbjrs ay vcsctcdi tmj rjspjltcvj sctj.

1. \jlfdknry Nltcvctcjs

n) Urflurjhjdt Kjpnrthjdt?

Nbb tmj purlmnsjs nrj hnkj ay \yjk _n`nr. Mj cs tmj mjnk f` Urflurjhjdt kjpnrthjdt ndk nbsf

mndkbjs tmj nllfudts ndk purlmnscdi `fr tmj lfhpndy. Mj nbsf kjnbs wctm nbb tmj vjdkfrs ndk

kjnbjrs ndk djiftcntjs wctm tmjh fd rntjs.

a) Muhnd Qjsfurlj?

Hr. Mnhzn cs tmj mjnk f` MQ kjpnrthjdt. [mjrj nrj tmrjj sua kjpnrthjdts udkjr Hr. Mnhzn.

[mj `crst kjpnrthjdt cs rjspfdscabj `fr rjlructhjdt ndk sjbjltcfd f` tmj jhpbfyjjs ndk tmj sjlfdk

kjpnrthjdt cs lfhpjdsntcfd ndk ajdj`ct kjpnrthjdt. [mjrj nrj `jw ftmjr kjpnrthjdt gdfwd ns

trncdcdi ndk kjvjbfphjdt kjpnrthjdt ndk \n`jty, mjnbtm ndk jdvcrfdhjdt kjpnrthjdt. [mj `cdnb

kjlcscfds f` nbb kjpnrthjdts nrj hnkj hy Hr. Mnhzn.

l) [fp Jxjlut cvjs?

Hjjr \munca cs tmj LJF f` tmj lfhpndy ndk cs sfbjby rjspfdscabj `fr tmj kjlcscfd hngcdi

rjinrkcdi tmj aukijts ndk tmj strntjicjs tmnt tmj lfhpndy pursujs.

A. \YF[ Ndnbyscs?

\trjditms Yjngdjssjs>. @cdndlcnb \tnacbcty

1. Bnrijst suppbcjr tf @nd Cdkustry. Hnrgjtcdi & Nkvjrtcscdi

1. Arndk dft wjbb rjlfidczjk. Cdtjrdntcfdnb Jxpndscfd

1. Cdlrjnscdi kjhndk cd Nutfhftcvj Cdkustry

. Hubtcdntcfdnb & Dntcfdnb Lfhpjtctfrs

1. Jdjriy Lrcscs


13/20


Unij | >. Kck kcnhfdk pncdts usjk prfkult pbnt`frh pbnddcdi `fr hngcdi Kurnscbg6

Urfkult pbnt`frh pbnddcdi wns usjk jxtjdscvjby cd hngcdi Kurnscbg. @rfh Arndk dnhj, bfif ndk

tjlmdfbfiy tf hfkj f` trndspfrtntcfd, prfkultcfd pbndt ndk kcstrcautcfd lmnddjb prfkult pbnt`frh

pbnddcdi wns usjk.

[mj cdirjkcjdts f` tmj pncdts hfrj fr bjss rjhncd tmj snhj. [mj lmndij tmnt lfhjs cs hcxcdi,

qundtcty ndk qunbcty f` tmj cdirjkcjdts. Qjscd cs tmj prchnry cdirjkcjdt f` ndy pncdt ndk cd

Kurnscbg tmj mcimjst qunbcty f` rjscd cs usjk. [mj prfkult pbnt`frh pbnddcdi wns usjk ns tmj rjscd

pbndt, tmj prfkultcfd ndk tmj hcxcdi pbndt rjhncdjk tmj snhj. [mj kcstrcautcfd lmnddjb nbsf

rjhncdjk tmj snhj ns kcnhfdk pncdts usjk tmj snhj hfkj f` trndspfrtntcfd ndk rjtncbjrs tf

kcstrcautj Kurnscbg. Kurnscbg mns cts fwd udcquj pnlgnicdi ndk kjscidcdi aut tmj bfif prcdtjk fd

tmj pnlgcdi ndk tmj Nlj trnkjhnrg rjhncds tmj snhj. \f wj lnd lfdlbukj tmnt Kcnhfdk pncdts

usjk prfkult pbnt`frh pbnddcdi mjnvcby cd tmj hngcdi f` Nlj Kurnscbg.

Qjlfhhjdkntcfds?

Ns wj lnd sn`jby sny `rfh tmj cd`frhntcfd nafvj tmnt kcnhfdk pncdts rjbcjs mjnvcby fd tmjcr

jxcstcdi cd`rnstrulturj tf hngj djw prfkults sulm ns Nlj Kurnscbg. Ct wfrgs `fr tmjh nt tmj

hfhjdt aut tmj bfnk fd tmj jxcstcdi nssjts fr cd`rnstrulturj hny ajlfhj tff hulm cd ùturj. \f

tmjy smfubk nbsf tmcdg nafut jdmndlcdi tmjcr cd`rnstrulturj sf tmnt cd tmj ùturj, tmjy lnd gjjp

hngcdi djw prfkults wctmfut mnvcdi tf put jxtrn aurkjd fd tmjcr jxcstcdi rjsfurljs.

1. Mfw kck Kcnhfdk Uncdts ijdjrntj tmj lfdljpt tf cdtrfkulj Kurnscbg6

Yctm tmj cdtjrvcjw lfdkultjk wctm Hr. \mngjjb Nmhjk, wj lnhj tf gdfw tmnt tmj lfhpndcjs cdpncdt cdkustry usj vnrcfus hjtmfks `fr lfdljpt ijdjrntcfd f` tmjcr djw prfkults. Yctmfut tmcs

tmjy lnddft bnudlm n sulljssùb djw prfkult. \nhj cs tmj lnsj wctm Kcnhfdk Uncdts. [mjy nrj

uscdi prfabjh-ansjk ckjntcfd tf rjlfidczj tmj fppfrtudctcjs `fr lfdljpt ijdjrntcfd f` Nlj

Kurnscbg.


14/20


>; | U n i j

Cd prfabjh-ansjk ckjntcfd, tmj lfhpndy ckjdtc`cjk nd udsfbvjk prfabjh cs fllurrcdi cd mcim

qunbcty pncdt lntjifry ndk tmrfuim tmjcr cdtjrdnb rjlfrks ndk lfhpbncdts f` lbcjdts tmjy lnhj tf

gdfw tmnt tmj lustfhjrs nrj kjhndkcdi slrua rjscstndt, kurnabj ndk wnsmnabj pncdts. N`tjr tmnt

tmj lfhpndy ckjdtc`cjk tmj bcst f` mjnvy usjrs f` tmjcr prfkults cd wmclm ct wcbb aj aucbkjrs ndk

lfdtrnltfrs. [mj lfhpndy intmjrjk n sjt f` prfabjhs ndk rndgjk tmjh nllfrkcdiby.

Urfabjh Urfabjh Fllurs @rjqujdtby Urfabjh cs aftmjrsfhj N x A

Lfmjrjdlj :5% ;5% 15.5%

Ndtc-@udinb 35% ?Urfabjh ansjk Ckjntcfd Nllfrkcdi tf Hr. \mngjjb

[mj lfhpndy ckjdtc`cjk tmj nafvj hjdtcfdjk `cvj prfabjhs tmnt tmj lustfhjrs wjrj `nlcdi. [mjy

nbsf ndnbyzjk mfw `rjqujdtby lustfhjrs `nljk tmjsj prfabjhs ndk mfw hulm tmjy nrj aftmjrjk

ay ct. [mcs ndnbyscs bjk tf tmj lfdljpt f` Nlj Kurnscbg. Aj`frj nlj Kurnscbg, tmj lfhpndys

npprfnlm wns hfrj fr bjss rjnltcvj c.j. ns nbb tmj dntcfdnb pncdt lfhpndcjs usjk tf fdby rjnlt tf

ndy stjp CLC, tmj pncdt icndt, usjk tf tngj. Yctm Nlj Kurnscbg, Kcnhfdk pncdts mns ajlfhj tmj

`crst dntcfdnb pncdt lfhpndy tf nlt cd n prfnltcvj hnddjr ndk hngj tmcs prfkult wctm supjrcfr

prfpjrtcjs tmnd tmj bnrij hubtc dntcfdnbs. \ljdnrcf ndnbyscs wns dft usjk `fr ndy djw prfkultckjn ns pncdt cdkustry cs Ungcstnd cs rjbntcvjby djw ns lfhpnrjk tf tmj cdtjrdntcfdnb lfhpndcjs

ndk tmjy nrj `nr `rfh nlmcjvcdi tmj hnturcty stnij ns tmjy nrj stcbb cd kjvjbfpcdi stnij ndk

sljdnrcf ndnbyscs cs n stjp wmjrj pncdt cdkustry cd Ungcstnd mns dft rjnlmjk yjt.

Qjlfhhjdkntcfds?

Dntcfdnb pncdt hndu`nlturjrs smfubk stnrt nltcdi cd n prfnltcvj hjnsurj ns tmjy mnvj tmjnkvndtnij f` gdfwcdi ndk udkjrstndkcdi tmj bflnb hnrgjt ajttjr tmnd tmj `frjcid lfhpndcjs.

Kcnhfdk pncdts mns dft usjk sljdnrcf ndnbyscs `fr tmj lfdljpt ijdjrntcfd f` Nlj Kurnscbg ndk

tmjy smfubk fpt tmcs `fr tmjcr `uturj ckjn ijdjrntcfd.

Kcnhfdk Uncdts fdby usjk : `nltfrs cd tmjcr prfabjh ndnbyscs ndk cd `uturj tmjy smfubk rjsjnrlmndk usj `fr `nltfrs `fr tmjcr djw prfkult lfdljpt ijdjrntcfd.


15/20


Unij | >:


16/20


>0 | U n i j

n) INU Ndnbyscs?

Ns wj lnd sjj cd tmj nafvj smfwd INU Ndnbyscs, Kurnscbg `fudk n lbjnr jkij fvjr nbb cts

lfhpjtctfrs ct ijdjrntjk tmj lfdljpt f` aftm mcimby wnsmnabj ndk kurnabj pncdt. [mcs rjbntcfdsmcp

cs sulm tmnt mfw kurnabj n pncdt cs wctm rjiubnr wnsm tf gjjp tmj wnbbs lbjnd. [urbnl ndk Arcimtf

pncdt prfkults nrj nbsf mcimby wnsmnabj aut tmjcr kurnacbcty cs qujstcfdnabj wmjd wnsmjk. CLC

Kubux cs tmj lbfsjst lfhpjtctfr f` Kcnhfdk Uncdts Kurnscbg ns cs jvckjdt `rfh tmj nafvjndnbyscs. Ns tmj nafvj ndnbyscs smfw tmnt tmj inp jxcstjk cd mcimby wnsmnabj ndk nt tmj snhj

tchj mcimby kurnabj lntjifry ndk tmcs cs wmjrj Kcnhfdk pncdts Kurnscbg lnhj cd ndk `cbbjk tmj

INU.

a) [rnkj-F`` Nd nbyscs?

Ns pjr tmj cdtjrvcjw wctm Hr. \mngjjb Nmhjk, tmj lfhpndy usjk vnrcfus qujstcfds cd trnkj-f``

ndnbyscs. Mfwjvjr mj hjdtcfd fdby `jw f` tmjh cd wmclm fdj f` tmjh wns.

Mfw hulm Kurnacbcty yfu jxpjlt `rfh yfur prfkult6 Mfw hulm wnsmnabj pncdt yfu wndt6

Ymnt typj f` `cdcsm yfu wndt `rfh tmjcr pncdts6

[mj irnpmclnb rjsubts f` tmjsj qujstcfds nrj icvjd ajbfw?

; :

;

:

1

>

INU

CLC-KubuxDcppfd

Ajrijr

MnppcbnlHnstjr

[urbnl

Bfw Lbnss

Uncdts

DjbsfdOftud

Arcimtf

\pnrlf

[nabj ;.>? Kjtjrhcdndt & Ujrljptunb INU Ndnbyscs


17/20


Unij | >9

Ns wj lnd sjj tmj lustfhjrs wndtjk hfrj kurnabj, wnsmnabj ndk pncdt wctm n scbgy `cdcsm.

Kurnscbg ùb`cbbs nbb tmrjj f` tmj nafvj hjdtcfdjk rjqucrjhjdts. Yctm tmjsj `jnturjs cd hcdk tmj

lfdljpt f` Kurnscbg wns `cdnbby hnkj ndk put `frwnrk tf tmj jvnbuntcfd stnij.

Qjlfhhjdkntcfds?

[mj lfhpndy mns hnkj fdby fdj INU ndnbyscs `fr aftm pjrspjltcvjs c.j. lustfhjr ndk

hndnijrcnb. [mjy smfubk fpt `fr aftm hnps cd tmjcr ùturj INU ndnbyscs.

[mj lfhpndy mns dft usjk lfdofcdt ndnbyscs cd tmjcr djw prfkult kjvjbfphjdt. [mjy smfubk usj

lfdofcdt ndnbyscs cd tmjcr ùturj djw prfkult kjvjbfphjdts

[mj lfhpndy kckdt npprfnlm tmj jdk usjr `fr tmjcr `jjkanlg wmclm lnd aj usjk `fr ndnbytclnb

purpfsjs. Cdstjnk tmjy nssuhjk kcstrcautfrs ndk lfdtrnltfrs ns tmjcr jdk usjr cd tmcs djw prfkult

kjvjbfphjdt. [mjy smfubk npprfnlm tmj jdk usjr cd tmjcr ùturj prfkults.

5

1

;

0

=

> - 1 Srs < - ; Srs : - 0 Srs 9 - = Srs 4 = Srs

Kurnacbcty

51

;0=

>5

Jvjry

Yjjg

Fdlj

Jvjry

Hfdtm

Fdlj

Jvjry

ûnrtjr

Fdlj

Jvjry

Sjnr

Djvjr

Ynsmnabj

5

>

1

= | U n i j

A. Jvnbuntcfd \tnij

>. Mfw mnvj yfu hnkj tmj pjrljdtnijs `fr N[NQ hfkjb6

[mj lfhpndy kck dft prfvckj us tmj nllurntj snbjs jvnbuntcfd `fr N[NQ hfkjb aut tmjy kck icvj

us tmj jvnbuntcfd cd bctjrs. [mcs cs wmnt wj lnhj up wctm n`tjr jvnbuntcfd.

Uftjdtcnb Hnrgjt?;5 Hcbbcfd

Nwnrjdjss?=5%

[rcnb?05%

Nvncbnacbcty?=5%

Qjpjnt?:5%

Urf`ct Hnricd?>555 8


19/20


Unij | >3

a) Ujrhndjdlj?

Ymcbj bnudlmcdi Kurnscbg, Kcnhfdk pncdts strntjiy wns tf stny cd tmj hnrgjt ndk tmjrj wns df

tmfuim f` tngcdi tmj prfkult f`` tmj smjbvjs. [mjy cdtjdk tf gjjp tmj prfkult cd tmj hnrgjt

pjrhndjdtby ndk mnvj nkkjk Kurnscbg tf tmjcr rjiubnr prfkult bcdj.

l) Niirjsscvjdjss?

[mj bnudlm f` Kurnscbg lnd sn`jby aj lntjifrczjk ns ajcdi nd niirjsscvj fdj. Mjnvy cdvjsthjdt

wns kfdj cd tmj cdctcnb stnijs f` tmj bnudlm tf lntlm tmj nttjdtcfd f` tmj tnrijt hnrgjt ndk tf irna

tmj hnrgjt smnrj `fr Kurnscbg. [mj purpfsj f` tmcs wns nbsf tf sprjnk nwnrjdjss `fr tmfsj wmf

wjrj dft wjbb cd`frhjk nafut tmj ajdj`cts tmjy lnd ijt fut f` tmcs prfkult ay uscdi tmj rntcfdnb

nppjnb cd nkvjrtcscdi ns tmj gjy `jnturjs f` Kurnscbg wjrj lbjnrby mcimbcimtjk cd nbb tmj

lnhpncids. Npnrt `rfh nkvjrtcscdi, pncdtjr pnrtcjs wjrj nbsf lfdkultjk cd kc``jrjdt pnrts f` tmj

lfudtry cd frkjr tf pjrsunkj tmjh tf icvj Kurnscbg n try ndk bntjr fd usj ct ns n rjiubnr `jnturj cd

tmjcr wfrg.

k) Lfhpjt c t cvj Nkv ndtnij?

Kurnscbg prfvckjk sfhj f` tmj `jnturjs df ftmjr prfkult prfvckjk nt tmj tchj f` cts bnudlm c.j.

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j) Qjsfurljs ndk @udks?

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lnhpncid aut tmj Hnrgjtcdi Hndnijr kck strjss fd tmj `nlt tmnt tmj bnudlm f` Kurnscbg wns fdj

f` tmj hfst niirjsscvj ndk jxpjdscvj fdj ns `nr ns tmj Ungcstndc pncdt cdkustry cs lfdljrdjk.

1. Hfrj tmnd 35% prfkults `ncb nt bnudlm stnij. Ymnt kck Kcnhfdk Uncdts kf

tf nvfck tmcs6

Hr. \mngjjb Nmhjk gmnd wns f` tmj vcjw tmnt hfst f` tmj prfkults tmnt `ncb nt tmcs stnij nrj

jctmjr lfpy f` tmj jxcstcdi prfkults cd hnrgjt fr nrj dft djjkjk ay lustfhjrs. Cd frkjr `fr n

prfkult tf sulljjk, ct hust aj n djw ckjn wmclm cs nbsf rjqucrjk ay tmj hnrgjt. Kcnhfdk pncdts

nbsf wfrgjk fd tmjsj bcdjs tf hngj surj Kurnscbg wns n rjqucrjhjdt f` hnrgjt ndk wns nbsf

udcquj cd cts lntjifry.

C]. Qj`jrjdljs Nzmnr, N. (1553). CLC Uncdts.Hnrgjt [rjdks f` Cdkustry.

Jarnmch Gmrncs, N. (155=) [mj Uncdt Ndk Pjrdcsmjs Cdkustry Cd Ofrknd. YYY.ZBZH.DB . Gmursmck, N. (1553). Unrijt Uncdts.Hnrgjt Irfwtm f` Cdkustry.

Qnsmck, N. (15>5). CLC Uncdts Ungcstnd Bchctjk. Uncdt Cdkustry cd Ungcstnd.


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