Dialogue on long-term cooperative action to address climate change by enhancing implementation of the convention

Second workshopNairobi, 15 – 16 November 2006

Development First Approach

Dr Youba SOKONASahara and Sahel Observatory (OSS)

Tunis, Tunisia

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• Development objectives have multidimensional character, representing various economic, social, environmental, local and global sustainability dimensions

• The traditional development challenges and newer challenges the world is facing require enduring and global efforts :

– Making development more sustainable – Economic growth/stagnation– Persistent poverty, illiteracy – Land degradation– Food, hunger, malnutrition– Energy access/security– Water, health, etc.

Proportion of people on less than $1/day (%)

0 10 20 30 40 50

Mid East and N Africa

E Europe and Central Asia

Latin Am erica and Caribbean

East Asia

South Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

2000

1990

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They can be mutually reinforcing

Development and climate change:

have two way relationship

• climate change have significant impacts on development

• development pathways influence climate change

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Food production needs to double to meet the needs of an additional 3 billion people in the next 30 years

Climate change is projected to decrease agricultural productivity in the tropics and sub-tropics for almost any amount of warming

5

One third of the world’s population is now subject to water scarcity

Population facing water scarcity will more than double over the next 30 years

Climate change is projected to decrease water availability in many arid- and semi-arid regions

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Wood fuel is the only source of fuel for one third of the world’s population

Wood demand will double in next 50 years

Climate change makes forest management more difficult, due to an increase in pests and fires

Unsustainable wood harvesting will exacerbate climate change

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Climate change will affect the ability of ecosystems to provide a range of essential goods and services

Biodiversity underlies all ecosystem goods and services

•Food and Fiber Production•Provision of Clean and Sufficient Water•Maintenance of Biodiversity•Maintenance of Human Health•Storage and cycling of Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

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1.6 billion people are without electricity today

Electricity demand in developing countries will increase 3-5 times over the next 30 years

Fossil fuel based electricity production will exacerbate climate change

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Developed economies

SD

Mid income economies

Emerging economiesEconomies in transition

cc mitigation

Mainstreaming ccLDCs

Development

CC

Development SDCC

Development choices and trajectories are key determinant of climate outcomes and sustainability

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MDGMDGMDGMDG

PRSPPRSPPRSPPRSPCCCCCCCCCCCC

CBDCBDCBDCBD

CCDCCDCCDCCD

DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

NEPADNEPADNEPADNEPAD

DemocracyDemocracy

Mainstreaming is necessary but Mainstreaming is necessary but ……

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From local, national to regional

• A wide range of development initiatives are climate friendly– Energy policy instruments, energy sector

restructuring, energy efficiency improvement;– Integrated rural development programs;– Agricultural soil protection and water management;– Sustainable forestry management and conservation;– Disaster preparedness actions, etc.

• Integrating development and climate is receiving increasing attention and interest in research and policy making since the last few years

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Examples

• Biomass programs in India since 1970s as response to rural energy crisis and rising oil imports;

• Sugar cane-ethanol program in Brazil to improve energy self-sufficiency;

• Program of widening access to water in South Africa;

• Energy price reform, energy sector restructuring, clean coal promotion in China.

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Emerging key lessonsEmerging key lessons

• Potential for integrating climate change issues Potential for integrating climate change issues into development policies is considerableinto development policies is considerable

• Scaling up remains a challengeScaling up remains a challenge• Regional cooperation provides opportunitiesRegional cooperation provides opportunities• Various divides require bridgingVarious divides require bridging• Strong stakeholder involvement and policy Strong stakeholder involvement and policy

issues are keyissues are key• Considering both mitigation and adaptation is Considering both mitigation and adaptation is

essentialessential• The ‘non-climate’ route for international policy The ‘non-climate’ route for international policy

making is importantmaking is important

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The Approach

• Strong and inclusive global cooperation is needed to realize deep reduction in GHG emissions and to adapt to adverse impacts of climate change

• This will require long term and enduring efforts at local, national, regional and global levels

• Only “Development First” approach i.e. starting from development priorities can stimulate such cooperation

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The approach help divides to be bridge

• Development and climateDevelopment and climate

• North and southNorth and south

• Mitigation and adaptationMitigation and adaptation

• Global, national and localGlobal, national and local

• Sustainable and economic developmentSustainable and economic development

• Climate change and climate variabilityClimate change and climate variability

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The idea• Climate change = threat to development• Start from development priorities, not from climate

change (“Development First”)• Objectives of development / poverty eradication

must be met, but with ..• Development strategies that aim for:

– climate safe development, i.e. development that leads to low vulnerability to climate change

– climate friendly development, i.e. development that leads to low GHG emissions

• Build international agreements and collaboration to support these national strategies

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Directions to be in-depth explored

• National policies that deliver positive development and climate outcomes

• Promising options for policies at various levels to be scaled-up through international initiatives to enhance their impacts

• International policy frameworks for creating the conditions for integrated development and climate policies

• Information, Education and Awareness raising