Diagnostic Exams and Labs - Edited 4pm Sept.20

7/29/2019 Diagnostic Exams and Labs - Edited 4pm Sept.20

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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

Diagnostic testing functions as for basic screening, establishing (initial) diagnoses, evaluating current medical case, and for monitoring

course of illness and response to treatment.Date Done Name of Test/

Procedure

Indication for the

test / Procedure

Normal Findings Actual Results Interpretation and Analysis

September

2, 2012

Electrocardiogram It provides a

continuous picture

of electrical activity

during a complete

cycle. (Manual ofLaboratory &

Diagnostic Tests

by Fischbach, 7th

Edition, page

1035)

Normal cardiac cycle

components (one normal

cardiac cycle is represented

by the P wave, QRS

complex, and T wave;additionally, a U wave may

be observed). This cycle is

repeated continuously and

rhythmically. (Manual of

Laboratory & Diagnostic

Tests by Fischbach, 7th

Edition, page 1035)

Sinus

tachycardia T-

wave

abnormality, to

consider inferiorischemia

An abnormal result of ECG

may be due to the patients

history of cardiac arrest.

Interfering factors may

include episodic anxiety and

hyperventilation which are

associated with prolonged PR

interval, sinus tachycardia,

and ST depression with or

without T-wave inversion. This

may be due to autonomicnervous system imbalances.

Myocardial ischemia with

irritability in the ischemic

region, leading to ventricular

fibrillation.


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In ventricular fibrillation, the

electrical signals that control

the pumping of the heart

suddenly become rapid and

chaotic.

As a result, the lower

chambers of the heart, then

the ventricles begin to quiver

(fibrillate) instead of contract,

and they can no longer pump

blood from the heart to the

rest of the body resulting from

cardiac arrest.

(Medical and Surgical

Nursing by Ignatavicius and

workman, 5th Edition, page

186)

September

3, 2012

Chest X-ray It is used to

diagnose cancer,

Normal-appearing and

normally positioned chest,

Pulmonary

hyperaeration

Pulmonary hyperaeration may

be due to the bronchial


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tuberculosis and

other pulmonary

diseases, and

disorders of the

mediastinum and

bony thorax. The

chest x-ray

provides a record

of the sequential

progress or

development of a

disease. (Manual

of Laboratory &

Diagnostic Tests

by Fischbach, 7th

Edition, page 715)

bony thorax (all bones

present, aligned,

symmetrical, and normally

shaped), soft tissues,

mediastinum, lungs, pleura,

heart, and aortic arch.

(Manual of Laboratory &

Diagnostic Tests by

Fischbach, 7th Edition, page

715)

subsegmental

atelectasis, left

lower lung,

atheromatous

aorta and

scoliosis as

prescribed

asthma. Subsegmental

atelectasis may be due to

mucus plugging in bronchial

asthma. Atheromatous aorta

may be due to aging.

Scoliosis of the patient is an

idiopathic type of scoliosis.

Pulmonary hyperaeration

results in an

increased radiolucency on X-

ray. It may occur in partial

obstruction of a large airway,

as in congenital lobar

emphysema,

bronchial atresia and mucous

plugs in asthma.

A blockage in the bronchial

tubes can cause obstructive

atelectasis, possible causes

of blockage include mucus
http://www.ask.com/wiki/Radiodensity?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Congenital_lobar_emphysema?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Congenital_lobar_emphysema?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Atresia?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Asthma?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Radiodensity?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Congenital_lobar_emphysema?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Congenital_lobar_emphysema?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Atresia?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Asthma?qsrc=3044


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plug and they are common in

people with cystic fibrosis and

during severe asthma attacks.


Diagnostic Tests by


1039)

Atheromatous aorta means

that the aorta, which is

the largest artery in the

body, has thickened and

contains deposits of

cholesterol on its linings.

This is a normal process

in aging, or if seen earlier,

is due to cholesterolplaque deposition.

(Medical and Surgical

Nursing by Ignatavicius and

workman, 5th Edition, page

684)


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Idiopathic scoliosis may be

due to multiple, poorly

understood inherited factors,

most likely from the mother's

side. However, the severity

often varies widely among

family members who have the

condition, suggesting that

other factors must be present.

It may be initially diagnosed in

adults during evaluation for

other back complaints or

disorders, although the curve

is unlikely to be significant.


Diagnostic Tests by


1185)

LABORATORY STUDIES


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Complete

Blood Count

This test is used to evaluate anemia, leukemia, reaction to inflammation and infections, peripheral blood

cellular

characters, State of hydration and dehydration, Polycythemia, Hemolytic disease of the newborn, to manage

chemotherapy decisions.Date Done Name of Test/

Procedure

Indication for the test /

Procedure

Normal

Findings

Actual

Results

Interpretation and Analysis

September 2,

2012

Hematocrit The hematocrit is a

measurement of the

percentage of red cells in

the total volume of blood.

(Manual of Laboratory &Diagnostic Tests by

Fischbach, 7th Edition,

page 298)

42% - 52% 41.8% Decreased hematocrit may be

due to aging process.

There is also a tendency toward

lower Hct values in men and

women older than 60 years of

age, corresponding to lower

RBC values in this age group.


Diagnostic Tests by Fischbach,

7th Edition, page 73)

Eosinophils It plays a role in allergic .9-2.9% 3.1% Increased eosinophils may be

due to bronchial asthma.


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reaction, possibly

inactivating histamine.


Diagnostic Tests by


page 234)

Eosinophilia (increased

eosinophils) occurs in

conditions such as,allergies, hay fever, and

asthma (Manual of Laboratory

& Diagnostic Tests by


56)Neutrophils It is for the reaction to

inflammation, and itconstitutes a primary

defense against microbial

invasion through the

process of phagocytosis.


Diagnostic Tests by


page 52)

43-65% 68.1% Increased neutrophils may be

due to infection.

Neutrophilia (increased

neutrophils) may occur in

conditions such as inflammation

and tissue necrosis (myocardial

infarction). (Manual of

Laboratory & Diagnostic Tests

by Fischbach, 7th Edition, page

53)

Clinical

Chemistry

Blood chemistrytesting identifies many chemical blood constituents. It is often necessary to measure several

blood chemicals to establish a pattern of abnormalities. A wide range of tests can be grouped under the


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headings of enzymes, electrolytes, blood sugars, lipids, hormones, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and drug

investigation.Date done Name of Test/

Procedure

Indication for the

Test/ Procedure

Normal

Findings

Actual Result/

Findings


September 2,

2012

Potassium It evaluates changes in

body potassium levels

and diagnoses acid-

base and water

imbalances.(Manual ofLaboratory &

Diagnostic Tests byFischbach, 7th Edition,

page 961)

3.5-5.1 umol/L 2.93 umol/L Hypokalemia (decreased

potassium) may be due to

intake of corticosteroids and

beta-andrenergic agonists.

Diuretics, corticosteroids, and

beta-adrenergic agonists or

antagonists are drugs that may

increase potassium loss

through the kidneys. (Medical

and Surgical Nursing by

Ignatavicius and workman, 5th

Edition, page 227)

Date done Name of Test/

Procedure

Indication for the Test/Procedure

Normal

Findings

Actual Result/

Findings


September

3, 2012

Fasting Blood

Glucose

It is often the first test

done to check

70-110mg/dl 160mg/dl Increased glucose may be due

to convulsions.


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forprediabetes and

diabetes. (Manual of

Laboratory & Diagnostic

Tests by Fischbach, 7th

Edition, page 326)

Elevated blood glucose

(hyperglycemia) occurs in acute

emotional or physical stress

situations (such as, myocardial

infarction (MI), cerebrovascular

accident, and convulsions)




Triglycerides It evaluates suspected

atherosclerosis and

measures the body's

ability to metabolize fat.


Diagnostic Tests by


page 430)

0.42-1.67

mmol/L

0.26 mmol/L Decreased triglycerides may be

due to Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Diseases which is

asthma.

Decreased level of triglyceride

can occur with conditions such

as Chronic Obstructive

Pulmonary diseases and brain

infarction. (Manual of Laboratory

& Diagnostic Tests byFischbach, 7th Edition, page

431)

HDL (High Density

Lipoprotein)

It is the good cholesterol,

is used to asses

Coronary Artery Disease

risk and monitor persons

0.91-1.68

mmol/L

2.54 mmol/L Increased high density

lipoprotein maybe due to stress

which can be associated with

epilepsy and bronchial asthma.
http://www.webmd.com/hw-popup/prediabetes-impaired-glucose-tolerancehttp://www.webmd.com/hw-popup/diabeteshttp://www.webmd.com/hw-popup/prediabetes-impaired-glucose-tolerancehttp://www.webmd.com/hw-popup/diabetes


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with known low High

Density Lipoprotein

levels. It inversely

proportional to Chronic

Heart Disease risk and

are a primary

independent risk factor.


Diagnostic Tests by


page 424)

Increased level is associated

with stress and current illness.




Diagnostic Exams and Labs - Edited 4pm Sept.20

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