DIABETES MELLITUS

By Kayla ColeWake up! You might become 1 in 25million!

Types & Causes :

-Type 1 (also referred to as Juvenile-onset): Beta cells of the pancreas responsible for insulin production are destroyed and eventually no insulin is produced. (“genetic predisposition”)

-Type 2 (also referred to as adult-onset): resistance of body cells to the action of insulin, which may lead to a decrease in insulin secretion. (“dietary”)

Focus Of Type 1*Pathology:

-Pre and post diagnoses (experienced more as one strays out of safe zone-varies for each person) +nausea

-*Over time: irreversible blurred vision(oxygen/bleeding), neural complications, vascular complications, dental decay.

-Extreme Cases of Diabetic Episodes: acidosis and ketosis eventually leading to coma then death, loss of limb and/or appendages, kidney and liver problems/failure.

Background + Treatment options*Type 1 can only be managed by insulin that must be injected after every meal and snack, often following a sliding scale and a carb to insulin ratio for quick acting insulin which is often paired with a long term acting insulin for the day.

*Diet and exercise can help decrease and prevent severe and mild symptoms and side affects of insulin (such as weight gain, high glucose levels, and decreased immune system).

-High fiber meals.

-Low cholesterol meals

-Low fat meals

Epidemiology Is not restricted to age but is most often seen in youth, as

opposed to Type 2, which is how each got its common name. Not gender prevalent Diabetes ratios of type 2 vs. type 1 skyrocket in high income

societies (90%- 95% type 2) where over eating and little exercise become the norm’.

Type 1 cases are become more frequent in the middle east, N. Europe, N. America, Canada, and Aurailia.

Meal Plan: Breakfast RDA

25g

Day 1 Fiber Day 2 Fiber Day 3 Fiber

• 1 large Apple (sliced)

5g • 1cup Raisin Bran Cereal

7g • Scrambled Eggs

0g

• Hot Oatmeal w/1 Tbl. Spoon Brown Sugar

3g • 6oz. Milk 1%

0g • Cranberry Cover Herbal Tea

0g

• 8oz. Milk 1% 0g • 1cup Bing Cherries

0g • Honey Dew Melon

8g

• 1cup Cauliflower w/2Tbs.

• ranch

2g • Cauliflower ½ cup w/1Tbs.ranch

1g

Total: 8g 9g 9g

Lunch MenuDay 1 Fiber Day 2 Fiber Day 3 Fiber

• 1cup mixed green salad w/ unsalted almonds crushed

17g • PB&J on Whole Wheat

5g • Vegetable Beef Soup

6g

• 3Tbs. Low-Cal Caesar Dressing

0g • Strawberries 1cup

3g • Apple sauce sweetened

3g

• 8oz raspberry-peach juice

0g • Pink Lemonade 8oz

0g • 8oz Milk 1% 0g

Total: 17g 8g 9g

Meal Plan: Lunch Menu

Meal Plan: Dinner Menu

Day 1 Fiber Day 2 Fiber Day 3 Fiber

• Orange Roughy Fish Fillet

0g • Apricot Chicken w/ Spanish Peanuts

7g • Homestyle Chicken Noodle soup

7g

• Garlic Bread Sticks

0g • Pineapple Slices

1g • Buttermilk Biscuits

1g

• 8oz 1% milk 0g • Broccoli raw chopped

3g • Hot Coco 2g

Total: 0g 11g 10g

Daily Totals 25g 28g 28g

Questions

1. Name 3 symptoms that can indicate a person may have diabetes-fatigue, polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia

(excessive thirst), weight loss, wounds that won’t heal, excessive hunger, sexual problems, vaginal infections, tingling sensations in the extremities, nausea.

2. What cells in the pancreas are responsible for insulin production?a. Alphab. Betac. Gammad. Delta

3. When can a person get diabetes?a. 0-14yrs of ageb. 15-21years of agec. 65+ years of aged. Any stage of life

1. Brooks, Myrna LF, and Danielle LF Brooks. Exploring Medical Language. 8th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier, 2012. Print.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

2. Company, Eli Lilly And. "Diabetes and Other Related Health Issues." Diabetes and Other Related Health Issues. Boehringer Mannheim Corporation, May-June 2002. Web. 05 Mar. 2012. <http://www.diabetesandrelatedhealthissues.com/>.

3. Marieb, Elain N., and Katja Hoehn. Human Anatomy & Physiology 8th Edition. 8th ed. San Francisco: Pearson, 2010. Print.

4. Unwin, Nigel, David Whiting, Leonor Guariguata, Anselm Hennis, Abdullatif Hasseini, Linong Ji, Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek, Ingrid Libman, Elizabeth Mayer-Davis, Ayesha Motala, Venkat Narayan, Ambady Ramachandran, Gojka Roglic, Jonathan Shaw, Nick Wareham, and Ping Zhang. "Diabetes." International Diabetes Federation. Lilly Diabetes, Merck and Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk, SANOFI, 01 Jan. 2011. Web. 05 Mar. 2012. <http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/5e/diabetes>.

5. Whatnick, Michelle. Food Composition Table. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2009. Print

BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTINUED