Diabetes Count Too! Work · – Their role in the family –helper, destroyer, etc – Do they...

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Siblings & Diabetes – They Count Too! Making “It” Work for everyone! Joe Solowiejczyk, RN MSW CDE Manager, Diabetes Counseling & Training [email protected]

Transcript of Diabetes Count Too! Work · – Their role in the family –helper, destroyer, etc – Do they...

Page 1: Diabetes Count Too! Work · – Their role in the family –helper, destroyer, etc – Do they think that will change now that their sib has diabetes. – How they are feeling –scared,

Siblings & Diabetes – They Count Too!Making “It” Work for everyone!

Joe Solowiejczyk, RN MSW CDEManager, Diabetes Counseling & Training

[email protected]

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Background: Psychosocial Impact of Type 1 diabetes in Pediatrics

Most research conducted has looked at child with diabetes & parents – coping, parenting styles, etc.

Relatively little attention has been paid to the impact of diabetes on well siblings

Psychological development, behavioral responses, general coping strategies

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General Observations:

• Positive:– Increased sensitivity – to sib & in general

– Increased sense of compassion for others

– Newly defined role in family as a “helper”

• Negative:– Internal psychological conflicts

– Higher anxiety levels

– Fear

– Increased physical & emotional vulnerability

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Study #1

• Sharpe, D., Rossiter, L., Siblings with Children of a Chronic Illness; Journal of Pediatr. Psychol., (2002) 27 (8).

• Meta‐analysis of 51 published studies, found:– Psychological functioning (i.e., depression, anxiety), peer activities & 

cognitive development scores were lower for siblings of children with a chronic illness as compared to controls.

– Parent reports were more negative than child self‐reports.

– Recommend intervention programs for siblings & families of children with a chronic illness should be developed/

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Study #2• Fanos, J.H., Fahrner, K., Jelveh, M., King, R., Tejeda, D., The Sibling Center: 

A Pilot program for Siblings of Children & Adolescents with a Serious Medical Condition, Journal of Pediatrics; vol. 146 (6)  pp. 831‐835, June 2005.

• A pilot program focusing on entire family, seen together & separately, for 4 sessions with a 6 month follow‐up session.

– Program integrated into normal peds/specialty clinic.

– A form of psycho‐education which included psychosocial support, targeted interventions, resource identification & consciousness‐raising.

– Sibs were found to experience a variety of symptoms, including:

• Jealousy, attention‐seeking behavior, heightened sense of vulnerability, somatic expressions, anger, anxiety, depression, resentment & psychological and physical isolation from parents.

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Study #3• Jackson C, Richer J, Edge, JA. Sibling psychological adjustment 

to type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatric Diabetes 2008: 9(Part I): 308‐311.

• 41 families, cross sectional, self‐selected study, parents completed questionnaires measuring sibling adjustment, major life events, social support & parenting stress.

• Siblings completed questionnaires assessing functioning, coping strategies & completed a semi‐structured interview.

• Findings:– Majority of siblings of children with T1DM were well adjusted.

– Higher overall levels of parenting stress & parental adjustment significantly associated with sibling adjustment to T1DM.

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Study #4• F. Sleeman, E.A. Northam, W. Crouch, F.J. Cameron. 

Psychological adjustment of well siblings of children with Type 1 diabetes, Diabetic Medicine‐Diabetes UK, pp. 1084‐1087, 2010.

• 99 siblings, 11‐17 y.o. & parents of children with Type 1 DM, treated at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; siblings and parents administered the Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQ sib data and normative data sample compared.

• Findings:– Siblings did not report increased behavioral or emotional dysfunction 

relative to children in the general population.

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Questions/Discussion

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Emotional Assessment: At risk considerations:

• Grief

• Sadness

• Fear

• Isolation

• Vulnerable

• Behavior

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Contributing factors:

• Usual individual response to diagnosis

• Dysfunctional parental/family coping to diagnosis and daily management

• Lack of inclusion in treatment plan and education process

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Behavioral Issues: “Outer” a reflection of “Inner”

• General behavior – acting out, aggressive, passive, isolating, moody

• Role in family – philosopher, jokester, etc.

• School

• Friends

• Clinging vs. Independent

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Interventions: Preventative & Corrective:

• Check‐in with them regarding:– Their reactions, impressions and understanding of the 

diagnosis and the on‐going disease management. 

– Their role in the family – helper, destroyer, etc 

– Do they think that will change now that their sib has diabetes.

– How they are feeling – scared, angry, sad, unsure.

• Include siblings in all aspects of clinical care– Initial hospitalization meetings, education sessions, family 

meetings.

• Provide accurate & realistic explanations & reassurance 

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Interventions: Preventative & Corrective: Cont’d

• Explore family impressions & thoughts– from each family member

– out loud & in presence of sib, about how they think things will or will not change at home.

• Ask each family member exactly what it is that they are most frightened about regarding the diagnosis and daily living with diabetes.

• Ask for feedback from sib after eliciting the above – make sure that they (sibs) are clear and have had a chance to feel heard and acknowledged.

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Interventions: Preventative & Corrective:

• Explore with family what things will look like when they get home and/or how they look at present.

• Specifically discuss family member roles now that diabetes is in their lives.

• Make a plan specifically tailored for the sib:– e.g., once a week parent(s) will spend non‐diabetes time with the well sib; come hell or high water, totally consistent and dependable 

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Questions/Discussion

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Thank You&

May the Force be with You!

Joe Solowiejczyk, RN MSW CDE

Manager, Diabetes Counseling & Training

Johnson & Johnson Diabetes Institute

[email protected]

(484) 467‐0173