DHCP Configuration Step by Step
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Transcript of DHCP Configuration Step by Step
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"Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is an IP standard designed to reduce the
complexity of administering IP address configurations." - Microsoft's definition. A
DHCP server would be set up with the appropriate settings for a given network. Suchsettings would include a set of fundamental parameters such as the gateway, DNS, subnet
masks, and a range of IP addresses. Using DHCP on a network means administrators
don't need to configure these settings individually for each client on the network. TheDHCP would automatically distribute them to the clients itself.
The DHCP server assigns a client an IP address taken from a predefined scope for a given
amount of time. If an IP address is required for longer than the lease has been set for, the
client must request an extension before the lease expires. If the client has not requested anextension on the lease time, the IP address will be considered free and can be assigned to
another client. If the user wishes to change IP address then they can do so by typing
"ipconfig /release", followed by "ipconfig /renew" in the command prompt. This willremove the current IP address and request a new one. Reservations can be defined on the
DHCP server to allow certain clients to have their own IP address (this will be discussed
a little later on). Addresses can be reserved for a MAC address or a host name so theseclients will have a fixed IP address that is configured automatically. Most Internet
Service Providers use DHCP to assign new IP addresses to client computers when a
customer connects to the internet - this simplifies things at user level.
The above diagram diplays a simple structure consisting of a DHCP server and a number
of client computers on a network.
The DHCP Server itself contains an IP Address Database which holds all the IP addresses
available for distribution. If the client (a member of the network with a Windows 2000Professional/XP operating system, for example) has "obtain an IP address automatically"
enabled in TCP/IP settings, then it is able to receive an IP address from the DHCP server.
Setting up a DHCP Server
This will serve as a step-by-step guide on how to setup a DHCP server.
Installing the DHCP server is made quite easy in Windows 2003. By using the "Manage
your server" wizard, you are able to enter the details you require and have the wizard set
the basics for you. Open to "Manage your server" wizard, select the DHCP server optionfor the list of server roles and press Next.
You will be asked to enter the name and description of your scope.
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Scope: A scope is a collection of IP addresses for computers on a subnet that use DHCP.
The next window will ask you to define the range of addresses that the scope will
distribute across the network and the subnet mask for the IP address. Enter the
appropriate details and click next.
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You are shown a window in which you must add any exclusions to the range of IPaddresses you specified in the previous window. If for example, the IP address 10.0.0.150
is that of the company router then you won't want the DHCP server to be able to
distribute that address as well. In this example I have excluded a range of IP addresses,10.0.0.100 to 10.0.0.110, and a single address, 10.0.0.150. In this case, eleven IP's will be
reserved and not distributed amongst the network clients.
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It is now time to set the lease duration for how long a client can use an IP addressassigned to it from this scope. It is recommended to add longer leases for a fixed network
(in the office for example) and shorter leases for remote connections or laptop computers.
In this example I have set a lease duration of twelve hours since the network clientswould be a fixed desktop computer in a local office and the usual working time is eight
hours.
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You are given a choice of whether or not you wish to configure the DHCP options for thescope now or later. If you choose Yes then the upcoming screenshots will be of use to
you. Choosing No will allow you to configure these options at a later stage.
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The router, or gateway, IP address may be entered in next. The client computers will then
know which router to use.
In the following window, the DNS and domain name settings can be entered. The DNS
server IP address will be distributed by the DHCP server and given to the client.
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If you have WINS setup then here is where to enter the IP Address of the WINS server.You can just input the server name into the appropriate box and press "Resolve" to allow
it to find the IP address itself.
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The last step is to activate the scope - just press next when you see the window below.
The DHCP server will not work unless you do this.
The DHCP server has now been installed with the basic settings in place. The next stage
is to configure it to the needs of your network structure.
Configuring a DHCP server
Hereunder is a simple explanation of how to configure a DHCP server.
The address pool displays a list of IP ranges assigned for distribution and IP address
exclusions. You are able to add an exclusion by right clicking the address pool text on the
left hand side of the mmc window and selecting "new exclusion range". This will bringup a window (as seen below) which will allow you to enter an address range to be added.
Entering only the start IP will add a single IP address.
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DHCP servers permit you to reserve an IP address for a client. This means that the
specific network client will have the same IP for as long as you wanted it to. To do this
you will have to know the physical address (MAC) of each network card. Enter thereservation name, desired IP address, MAC address and description - choose whether you
want to support DHCP or BOOTP and press add. The new reservation will be added tothe list. As an example, I have reserved an IP address (10.0.0.115) for a client computercalled Andrew.
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If you right click scope options and press "configure options" you will be taken to a
window in which you can configure more servers and their parameters. These settingswill be distributed by the DHCP server along with the IP address. Server options act as a
default for all the scopes in the DHCP server. However, scope options take preference
over server options.
In my opinion, the DHCP server in Windows 2003 is excellent! It has been improvedfrom the Windows 2000 version and is classified as essential for large networks. Imagine
having to configure each and every client manually - it would take up a lot of time and
require far more troubleshooting if a problem was to arise. Before touching any settingsrelated to DHCP, it is best to make a plan of your network and think about the range of
IPs to use for the computers.
DHCP server role: Configuring a DHCP serverUpdated: January 21, 2005
DHCP server role: Configuring a DHCP server
DHCP servers centrally manage IP addresses and related information and provide it to
clients automatically. This allows you to configure client network settings at a server,
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instead of configuring them on each client computer. If you want this computer to
distribute IP addresses to clients, then configure this computer as a DHCP server.
This topic explains the basic steps that you must follow to configure a DHCP server.When you have finished setting up a basic DHCP server, you can complete additional
configuration tasks, depending on how you want to use the DHCP server.
This topic covers:
Before you begin
Configuring your DHCP server
Next steps: Completing additional tasks
Before you begin
Before you configure your computer as a DHCP server, verify that:
You are familiar with DHCP concepts such as scopes, leases, and options. For moreinformation, see DHCP terminology .
The operating system is configured correctly. In the Windows Server 2003 family,
DHCP depends on the appropriate configuration of the operating system and its services.
If you have a new installation of a Windows Server 2003 operating system, then you canuse the default service settings. No further action is necessary. If you upgraded to a
Windows Server 2003 operating system, or if you want to confirm that your services areconfigured correctly for best performance and security, then verify your service settings
using the table inDefault settings for services .
This computer has a static IP address. For more information, see Configure TCP/IP for
static addressing .
All existing disk volumes use the NTFS file system. FAT32 volumes are not secure, andthey do not support file and folder compression, disk quotas, file encryption, or
individual file permissions.
Windows Firewall is enabled. For more information, see Help: Turn Windows Firewallon with no exceptions .
The Security Configuration Wizard is installed and enabled. For information about the
Security Configuration wizard, seeSecurity Configuration Wizard Overview .
When you add the DHCP server role, you create one scope that defines the range of IPaddresses that the DHCP server allocates to the clients on one subnet. You need to create
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one scope for each subnet that has clients that you want to manage using DHCP. The
following table lists the information that you need to know before you add the DHCP
server role, so that you can create the first scope. You need to collect the sameinformation for each additional scope.
Before adding a DHCP serverrole Comments
Review DHCP security issues. Security issues might affect the way you deploy DHCPservers. For more information about DHCP security best
practices, see Security information for DHCP .
Identify the range of IPaddresses that the DHCP
server should allocate to the
clients.
Use the entire range of consecutive IP addresses that makeup the local IP subnet. In many cases, a private address
range is the best choice. For more information and a list of
all the IP address ranges approved for use on private
networks, see RFC 1918, "Address Allocation for PrivateInternets", at theInternet Engineering Task Force Web
site . Web addresses can change, so you might be
unable to connect to the Web site or sites mentioned here.
Determine the correct subnetmask for the clients.
When the DHCP server leases an IP address to a client,the server can specify additional configuration
information, including the subnet mask.
Identify any IP addresses that
the DHCP server should notallocate to clients.
For example, a server or a network-connected printer
often has a static IP address, and the DHCP server mustnot offer this IP address to clients.
Decide the duration of the
lease of the IP addresses.
The default is eight days. In general, the duration of the
lease should be equal to the average time that the clients
on this subnet are active. For example, the ideal durationmay be longer than eight days if the clients are desktop
computers that are rarely turned off, or it may be shorter
than eight days if the clients are mobile devices thatfrequently leave the network or are moved between
subnets.
(Optional) Identify the IP
address of the router (defaultgateway) that the clients
should use to communicate
with clients on other subnets.
When the DHCP server leases an IP address to a client,
the server can specify additional configurationinformation, including the IP address of the router.
(Optional) Identify the nameof the DNS domain of the
When the DHCP server leases an IP address to a client,the server can specify additional configuration
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Before adding a DHCP server
roleComments
clients. information, including the name of the DNS domain towhich the clients belong.
(Optional) Identify the IP
address of the DNS server that
the clients should use.
When the DHCP server leases an IP address to a client,
the server can specify additional configuration
information, including the IP address of the DNS serverthat the clients should contact to resolve the name of
another computer.
(Optional) Identify the IP
address of the WINS serverthat the clients should use.
When the DHCP server leases an IP address to a client,
the server can specify additional configurationinformation, including the IP address of the WINS server
that the clients should contact to resolve the NetBIOS
name of another computer.Top of page
Configuring your DHCP server
To configure a DHCP server, start the Configure Your Server Wizard by doing either of
the following:
From Manage Your Server, clickAdd or remove a role. By default, Manage YourServer starts automatically when you log on. To open Manage Your Server, click Start,
clickControl Panel, double-clickAdministrative Tools, and then double-clickManage Your Server.
To open the Configure Your Server Wizard, clickStart, clickControl Panel, double-clickAdministrative Tools, and then double-clickConfigure Your Server Wizard.
On the Server Role page, clickDHCP server, and then clickNext.
This section covers:
Summary of Selections
Using the New Scope Wizard
Completing the Configure Your Server Wizard
Removing the DHCP server role
Top of page
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Summary of Selections
On the Summary of Selections page, view and confirm the options that you have
selected. If you selected DHCP Server on the previous page, the following appears:
Install DHCP Server
Run the New Scope Wizard to configure a new DHCP
scope
To apply the selections shown on the Summary of Selections page, clickNext. After
you clickNext, the Configuring Components page of the Windows ComponentsWizard appears, and then closes automatically. You cannot clickBackorNext on this
page.
Top of page
Using the New Scope Wizard
After you clickNext, the Configure Your Server Wizard installs the DHCP Serverservice, and then starts the New Scope Wizard to collect information and add the DHCP
server role. If you cancel the New Scope Wizard, the DHCP Server service remains
installed, but it cannot distribute IP addresses to clients until you create a scope. If youchoose to create a scope later, you can do so using the DHCP console.
This section describes the following steps in the New Scope Wizard:
Scope Name
IP Address Range
Add Exclusions
Lease Duration
Configure DHCP Options
Router (Default Gateway)
Domain Name and DNS Servers
WINS Servers
Activate Scope
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Completing the New Scope Wizard
Top of page
Scope Name
On the Scope Name page, in Name, type a name for the scope that you are creating. In
Description, type a description (this is optional). Most networks have several subnets,
and each subnet requires its own scope, so a DHCP server usually manages multiplescopes. Choose a name and description that help you distinguish between the various
scopes.
After you finish, clickNext.
Top of page
IP Address Range
On the IP Address Range page, define the range of IP addresses in this scope by typing
the IP addresses at the start and the end of that range. The wizard uses the IP addresses
that you type to determine the correct subnet mask. The correct subnet mask
automatically appears in Subnet mask.
In the unusual case where the clients on this subnet need to use a subnet mask other than
the one that the wizard provides, you must type it in Subnet mask, or type the number of
bits of the subnet mask in Length.
After you finish, clickNext.
Top of page
Add Exclusions
On the Add Exclusions page, you can define the IP addresses that the DHCP server
should not allocate to clients. For example, the DHCP server itself has a static IP address
that must not be allocated to clients. The same is true of the default gateway and ofvarious network devices, such as network-connected printers. You must exclude these IP
addresses so that the DHCP server does not allocate them to clients.
It is recommended that you exclude more IP addresses than you currently need because itis easier to truncate an exclusion range than it is to expand it. Exclude IP addresses from
the beginning or the end of the range of possible IP addresses, not from the middle. For
example, if the range of IP addresses on this subnet is from 10.0.0.1 to 10.0.0.255, and
you want to exclude ten IP addresses, then define the exclusion range as either of thefollowing:
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10.0.0.1 to 10.0.0.10
10.0.0.245 to 10.0.0.255
For each range of IP addresses that you want to exclude, type the IP address at thebeginning of the range in Start IP address, type the IP address at the end of the range in
End IP address, and then clickAdd.
This step eases client administration, but it is optional. If you leave all fields of this page
blank and clickNext, clients will still be able to obtain IP addresses from the DHCP
server.
After you finish, clickNext.
Top of page
Lease Duration
On the Lease Duration page, you can define how long a client can use an IP address
from this scope.
The DHCP server leases IP addresses to its clients. Each lease has an expiration date andtime. The client must renew the lease if it is going to continue to use that IP address. The
default duration of the lease is eight days.
This step eases client administration, but it is optional. If you leave all fields of this page
blank and clickNext, clients will still be able to obtain IP addresses from the DHCPserver.
After you finish, clickNext.
Top of page
Configure DHCP Options
On the Configure DHCP Options page, you can specify whether to configure DHCP
options.
It is recommended that you accept the default, Yes, I want to configure these optionsnow, and clickNext, even if you do not want to configure the options. If you choose No,
I will configure these options later, then the following occurs:
The New Scope Wizard creates the scope but does not activate it, and you must use the
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DHCP console to activate the scope in order for clients to receive IP addresses from this
scope. For information about how to activate a scope using the DHCP console, see
Activate a scope .
You will not see the next four wizard pages described below. Continue reading atCompleting the New Scope Wizard .
Top of page
Router (Default Gateway)
On the Router (Default Gateway) page, you can specify the routers (also known as
default gateways) that clients should use. You can add as many IP addresses as there are
routers on this subnet.
This step eases client administration, but it is optional. If you leave all fields of this page
blank and clickNext, clients will still be able to obtain IP addresses from the DHCPserver.
After you finish, clickNext.
Top of page
Domain Name and DNS Servers
On the Domain Name and DNS Servers page, you can specify the name of the domain
that clients on this subnet should use when they resolve DNS names.
You can also specify the DNS server that clients should use to resolve DNS names. You
can type the IP address of that DNS server, or you can type its name and clickResolve,and the wizard will determine the IP address for you. You can add several DNS servers.
This step eases client administration, but it is optional. If you leave all fields of this page
blank and clickNext, clients will still be able to obtain IP addresses from the DHCPserver.
After you finish, clickNext.
Top of page
WINS Servers
On the WINS Servers page, you can specify the WINS server that clients should
communicate with to register and resolve NetBIOS names. You can type the IP address
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of that WINS server, or you can type its name and clickResolve, and the wizard will
determine the IP address for you. You can add several WINS servers.
This step eases client administration, but it is optional. If you leave all fields of this pageblank and clickNext, clients will still be able to obtain IP addresses from the DHCP
server.
After you finish, clickNext.
Top of page
Activate Scope
On the Activate Scope page, you can activate the scope or choose to activate it later. In
most cases, you should accept the default and activate the scope now. If you choose to
activate the scope later, you can do so using the DHCP console. You must activate the
scope to allow clients on the subnet of this scope to obtain IP addresses from the DHCPserver.
After you finish, clickNext.
Top of page
Completing the New Scope Wizard
On the Completing the New Scope Wizard page, you can clickBackto change any of
the settings. To apply your selections, clickFinish.
Top of page
Completing the Configure Your Server Wizard
After you complete the New Scope Wizard, the Configure Your Server Wizard displaysthe This Server is Now a DHCP Server page. To review all of the changes made to your
server by the Configure Your Server Wizard or to ensure that a new role was installed
successfully, clickConfigure Your Server log. The Configure Your Server Wizard logis located at systemroot\Debug\Configure Your Server.log. To close the Configure Your
Server Wizard, clickFinish.
To verify that your server is secure and has the most recent updates, do the following:
1
.Run Windows Update. For more information, see Windows Update .
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2
.
Run the Security Configuration Wizard. For more information, seeSecurity
Configuration Wizard Overview .Top of page
Removing the DHCP server role
If you need to reconfigure your server for a different role, you can remove existing server
roles. If you remove the DHCP server role, you must reconfigure clients to obtain IPaddresses from another DHCP server. Also, if you want clients to continue using the IP
addresses distributed by this server, you must configure another DHCP server to
distribute those addresses.
To remove the DHCP server role, restart the Configure Your Server Wizard by doingeither of the following:
From Manage Your Server, clickAdd or remove a role. By default, Manage Your
Server starts automatically when you log on. To open Manage Your Server, click Start,
clickControl Panel, double-clickAdministrative Tools, and then double-click
Manage Your Server.
To open the Configure Your Server Wizard, clickStart, clickControl Panel, double-
clickAdministrative Tools, and then double-clickConfigure Your Server Wizard.
On the Server Role page, clickDHCP server, and then clickNext. On the Role
Removal Confirmation page, review the items listed underSummary, select the
Remove the DHCP server role check box, and then clickNext. After you clickNext,the Configuring Components page of the Windows Components Wizard appears, and
then closes automatically. You cannot clickBackorNext on this page. On the DHCP
Server Role Removed page, clickFinish.
Top of page
Next steps: Completing additional tasks
After you complete the Configure Your Server Wizard, the computer is ready for use as a
basic DHCP server that can manage IP addresses and related information. Up to thispoint, you have installed the DHCP Server service and created one scope that manages IP
addresses and related information for the clients on one subnet. If you want to manage
clients on other subnets, you must create additional scopes. If you have not activated thescope, then you must activate the scope to allow clients on the subnet of this scope to
obtain IP addresses from the DHCP server.
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When you complete the Configure Your Server Wizard, it automatically installs the
DHCP console, which you use to manage your DHCP server. To open DHCP, click
Start, clickSettings, clickControl Panel, double-clickAdministrative Tools, and thendouble-clickDHCP.
The following table lists some of the additional tasks that you might want to perform onyour DHCP server.
Task Purpose of task Reference
Activate existingscopes.
To activate scopes that you created with theNew Scope Wizard that are not currently
active.
Activate a scope
Authorize the DHCP
server in Active
Directory.
To detect unauthorized DHCP servers and
prevent them from starting or running on
your network.
Authorizing DHCP
servers
Add support for a
routed network.
To enable the DHCP server to act as a relay
agent, which forwards DHCP messagesbetween subnets.
Configure the
DHCP Relay Agent
Assign a server-based
scope option.
To simplify administration by setting default
values that all new scopes will inherit.
Assign a server-
based option
Change or view scopeproperties.
To change or view the properties of anexisting scope.
Change or viewscope properties
Create new scopes. To create scopes that support clients on
other subnets.
Create a new scope
Add a clientreservation.
To define an IP address that the DHCPserver should not allocate to a client because
another client is permanently using it.
Add a client
reservation
Configure ports to
allow remoteadministration.
To manage the DHCP server from other
computers on the network.
Windows Firewall
Settings
Top of page
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